@ b9f4c34d:7d1a0e31

<h2> Test Video Document </h2>

@ b9f4c34d:7d1a0e31

<h1> Testy McTestenface </h1> <p> It's been so long, html </p>

@ 39cc53c9:27168656

> [Read the original blog post](https://blog.kycnot.me/p/kyc-no-thanks) Know Your Customer is a regulation that requires companies of all sizes to verify the identity, suitability, and risks involved with maintaining a business relationship with a customer. Such procedures fit within the broader scope of anti-money laundering (AML) and counterterrorism financing (CTF) regulations. Banks, exchanges, online business, mail providers, domain registrars... Everyone wants to know who you are before you can even opt for their service. Your personal information is flowing around the internet in the hands of "god-knows-who" and secured by "trust-me-bro military-grade encryption". Once your account is linked to your personal (and verified) identity, tracking you is just as easy as keeping logs on all these platforms. ## Rights for Illusions KYC processes aim to combat terrorist financing, money laundering, and other illicit activities. On the surface, KYC seems like a commendable initiative. I mean, who wouldn't want to halt terrorists and criminals in their tracks? The logic behind KYC is: "If we mandate every financial service provider to identify their users, it becomes easier to pinpoint and apprehend the malicious actors." However, terrorists and criminals are not precisely lining up to be identified. They're crafty. They may adopt false identities or find alternative strategies to continue their operations. Far from being outwitted, many times they're several steps ahead of regulations. Realistically, KYC might deter a small fraction – let's say about 1% [^1] – of these malefactors. Yet, the cost? All of us are saddled with the inconvenient process of identification just to use a service. Under the rhetoric of "ensuring our safety", governments and institutions enact regulations that seem more out of a dystopian novel, gradually taking away our right to privacy. To illustrate, consider a city where the mayor has rolled out facial recognition cameras in every nook and cranny. A band of criminals, intent on robbing a local store, rolls in with a stolen car, their faces obscured by masks and their bodies cloaked in all-black clothes. Once they've committed the crime and exited the city's boundaries, they switch vehicles and clothes out of the cameras' watchful eyes. The high-tech surveillance? It didn’t manage to identify or trace them. Yet, for every law-abiding citizen who merely wants to drive through the city or do some shopping, their movements and identities are constantly logged. The irony? This invasive tracking impacts all of us, just to catch the 1% [^1] of less-than-careful criminals. ## KYC? Not you. > KYC creates barriers to participation in normal economic activity, to supposedly stop criminals. [^2] KYC puts barriers between many users and businesses. One of these comes from the fact that the process often requires multiple forms of identification, proof of address, and sometimes even financial records. For individuals in areas with poor record-keeping, non-recognized legal documents, or those who are unbanked, homeless or transient, obtaining these documents can be challenging, if not impossible. For people who are not skilled with technology or just don't have access to it, there's also a barrier since KYC procedures are mostly online, leaving them inadvertently excluded. Another barrier goes for the casual or one-time user, where they might not see the value in undergoing a rigorous KYC process, and these requirements can deter them from using the service altogether. It also wipes some businesses out of the equation, since for smaller businesses, the costs associated with complying with KYC norms—from the actual process of gathering and submitting documents to potential delays in operations—can be prohibitive in economical and/or technical terms. ## You're not welcome Imagine a swanky new club in town with a strict "members only" sign. You hear the music, you see the lights, and you want in. You step up, ready to join, but suddenly there's a long list of criteria you must meet. After some time, you are finally checking all the boxes. But then the club rejects your membership with no clear reason why. You just weren't accepted. Frustrating, right? This club scenario isn't too different from the fact that KYC is being used by many businesses as a convenient gatekeeping tool. A perfect excuse based on a "legal" procedure they are obliged to. Even some exchanges may randomly use this to freeze and block funds from users, claiming these were "flagged" by a cryptic system that inspects the transactions. You are left hostage to their arbitrary decision to let you successfully pass the KYC procedure. If you choose to sidestep their invasive process, they might just hold onto your funds indefinitely. ## Your identity has been stolen KYC data has been found to be for sale on many dark net markets[^3]. Exchanges may have leaks or hacks, and such leaks contain **very** sensitive data. We're talking about the full monty: passport or ID scans, proof of address, and even those awkward selfies where you're holding up your ID next to your face. All this data is being left to the mercy of the (mostly) "trust-me-bro" security systems of such companies. Quite scary, isn't it? As cheap as $10 for 100 documents, with discounts applying for those who buy in bulk, the personal identities of innocent users who passed KYC procedures are for sale. [^3] In short, if you have ever passed the KYC/AML process of a crypto exchange, your privacy is at risk of being compromised, or it might even have already been compromised. ## (they) Know Your Coins You may already know that **Bitcoin and most cryptocurrencies have a transparent public blockchain**, meaning that all data is shown unencrypted for everyone to see and recorded **forever**. If you link an address you own to your identity through KYC, for example, by sending an amount from a KYC exchange to it, your Bitcoin is no longer pseudonymous and can then be traced. If, for instance, you send Bitcoin from such an identified address to another KYC'ed address (say, from a friend), everyone having access to that address-identity link information (exchanges, governments, hackers, etc.) will be able to associate that transaction and know who you are transacting with. ## Conclusions To sum up, **KYC does not protect individuals**; rather, it's a threat to our privacy, freedom, security and integrity. Sensible information flowing through the internet is thrown into chaos by dubious security measures. It puts borders between many potential customers and businesses, and it helps governments and companies track innocent users. That's the chaos KYC has stirred. The criminals are using stolen identities from companies that gathered them thanks to these very same regulations that were supposed to combat them. Criminals always know how to circumvent such regulations. In the end, normal people are the most affected by these policies. The threat that KYC poses to individuals in terms of privacy, security and freedom is not to be neglected. And if we don’t start challenging these systems and questioning their efficacy, we are just one step closer to the dystopian future that is now foreseeable. > Edited 20/03/2024 > * Add reference to the 1% statement on [Rights for Illusions](#rights-for-illusions) section to an article where Chainalysis found that only 0.34% of the transaction volume with cryptocurrencies in 2023 was attributable to criminal activity [^1] [^1]: https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/2024-crypto-crime-report-introduction/ [^2]: https://old.reddit.com/r/BitcoinBeginners/comments/k2bve1/is_kyc_bad_if_so_why/gdtc8kz [^3]: https://www.ccn.com/hacked-customer-data-from-world-leading-cryptocurrency-exchanges-for-sale-on-the-dark-web/

@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

Capitalism is the most effective system for scaling innovation. The pursuit of profit is an incredibly powerful human incentive. Most major improvements to human society and quality of life have resulted from this base incentive. Market competition often results in the best outcomes for all. That said, some projects can never be monetized. They are open in nature and a business model would centralize control. Open protocols like bitcoin and nostr are not owned by anyone and if they were it would destroy the key value propositions they provide. No single entity can or should control their use. Anyone can build on them without permission. As a result, open protocols must depend on donation based grant funding from the people and organizations that rely on them. This model works but it is slow and uncertain, a grind where sustainability is never fully reached but rather constantly sought. As someone who has been incredibly active in the open source grant funding space, I do not think people truly appreciate how difficult it is to raise charitable money and deploy it efficiently. Projects that can be monetized should be. Profitability is a super power. When a business can generate revenue, it taps into a self sustaining cycle. Profit fuels growth and development while providing projects independence and agency. This flywheel effect is why companies like Google, Amazon, and Apple have scaled to global dominance. The profit incentive aligns human effort with efficiency. Businesses must innovate, cut waste, and deliver value to survive. Contrast this with non monetized projects. Without profit, they lean on external support, which can dry up or shift with donor priorities. A profit driven model, on the other hand, is inherently leaner and more adaptable. It is not charity but survival. When survival is tied to delivering what people want, scale follows naturally. The real magic happens when profitable, sustainable businesses are built on top of open protocols and software. Consider the many startups building on open source software stacks, such as Start9, Mempool, and Primal, offering premium services on top of the open source software they build out and maintain. Think of companies like Block or Strike, which leverage bitcoin’s open protocol to offer their services on top. These businesses amplify the open software and protocols they build on, driving adoption and improvement at a pace donations alone could never match. When you combine open software and protocols with profit driven business the result are lean, sustainable companies that grow faster and serve more people than either could alone. Bitcoin’s network, for instance, benefits from businesses that profit off its existence, while nostr will expand as developers monetize apps built on the protocol. Capitalism scales best because competition results in efficiency. Donation funded protocols and software lay the groundwork, while market driven businesses build on top. The profit incentive acts as a filter, ensuring resources flow to what works, while open systems keep the playing field accessible, empowering users and builders. Together, they create a flywheel of innovation, growth, and global benefit.

@ b2d670de:907f9d4a

This guide will walk you through setting up your own Strfry Nostr relay on a Debian/Ubuntu server and making it accessible exclusively as a TOR hidden service. By the end, you'll have a privacy-focused relay that operates entirely within the TOR network, enhancing both your privacy and that of your users. ## Table of Contents 1. Prerequisites 2. Initial Server Setup 3. Installing Strfry Nostr Relay 4. Configuring Your Relay 5. Setting Up TOR 6. Making Your Relay Available on TOR 7. Testing Your Setup] 8. Maintenance and Security 9. Troubleshooting ## Prerequisites - A Debian or Ubuntu server - Basic familiarity with command line operations (most steps are explained in detail) - Root or sudo access to your server ## Initial Server Setup First, let's make sure your server is properly set up and secured. ### Update Your System Connect to your server via SSH and update your system: ```bash sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade -y ``` ### Set Up a Basic Firewall Install and configure a basic firewall: ```bash sudo apt install ufw -y sudo ufw allow ssh sudo ufw enable ``` This allows SSH connections while blocking other ports for security. ## Installing Strfry Nostr Relay This guide includes the full range of steps needed to build and set up Strfry. It's simply based on the current version of the `DEPLOYMENT.md` document in the Strfry GitHub repository. If the build/setup process is changed in the repo, this document could get outdated. If so, please report to me that something is outdated and check for updated steps [here](https://github.com/hoytech/strfry/blob/master/docs/DEPLOYMENT.md). ### Install Dependencies First, let's install the necessary dependencies. Each package serves a specific purpose in building and running Strfry: ```bash sudo apt install -y git build-essential libyaml-perl libtemplate-perl libregexp-grammars-perl libssl-dev zlib1g-dev liblmdb-dev libflatbuffers-dev libsecp256k1-dev libzstd-dev ``` Here's why each dependency is needed: **Basic Development Tools:** - `git`: Version control system used to clone the Strfry repository and manage code updates - `build-essential`: Meta-package that includes compilers (gcc, g++), make, and other essential build tools **Perl Dependencies** (used for Strfry's build scripts): - `libyaml-perl`: Perl interface to parse YAML configuration files - `libtemplate-perl`: Template processing system used during the build process - `libregexp-grammars-perl`: Advanced regular expression handling for Perl scripts **Core Libraries for Strfry:** - `libssl-dev`: Development files for OpenSSL, used for secure connections and cryptographic operations - `zlib1g-dev`: Compression library that Strfry uses to reduce data size - `liblmdb-dev`: Lightning Memory-Mapped Database library, which Strfry uses for its high-performance database backend - `libflatbuffers-dev`: Memory-efficient serialization library for structured data - `libsecp256k1-dev`: Optimized C library for EC operations on curve secp256k1, essential for Nostr's cryptographic signatures - `libzstd-dev`: Fast real-time compression algorithm for efficient data storage and transmission ### Clone and Build Strfry Clone the Strfry repository: ```bash git clone https://github.com/hoytech/strfry.git cd strfry ``` Build Strfry: ```bash git submodule update --init make setup-golpe make -j2 # This uses 2 CPU cores. Adjust based on your server (e.g., -j4 for 4 cores) ``` This build process will take several minutes, especially on servers with limited CPU resources, so go get a coffee and post some great memes on nostr in the meantime. ### Install Strfry Install the Strfry binary to your system path: ```bash sudo cp strfry /usr/local/bin ``` This makes the `strfry` command available system-wide, allowing it to be executed from any directory and by any user with the appropriate permissions. ## Configuring Your Relay ### Create Strfry User Create a dedicated user for running Strfry. This enhances security by isolating the relay process: ```bash sudo useradd -M -s /usr/sbin/nologin strfry ``` The `-M` flag prevents creating a home directory, and `-s /usr/sbin/nologin` prevents anyone from logging in as this user. This is a security best practice for service accounts. ### Create Data Directory Create a directory for Strfry's data: ```bash sudo mkdir /var/lib/strfry sudo chown strfry:strfry /var/lib/strfry sudo chmod 755 /var/lib/strfry ``` This creates a dedicated directory for Strfry's database and sets the appropriate permissions so that only the strfry user can write to it. ### Configure Strfry Copy the sample configuration file: ```bash sudo cp strfry.conf /etc/strfry.conf ``` Edit the configuration file: ```bash sudo nano /etc/strfry.conf ``` Modify the database path: ``` # Find this line: db = "./strfry-db/" # Change it to: db = "/var/lib/strfry/" ``` Check your system's hard limit for file descriptors: ```bash ulimit -Hn ``` Update the `nofiles` setting in your configuration to match this value (or set to 0): ``` # Add or modify this line in the config (example if your limit is 524288): nofiles = 524288 ``` The `nofiles` setting determines how many open files Strfry can have simultaneously. Setting it to your system's hard limit (or 0 to use the system default) helps prevent "too many open files" errors if your relay becomes popular. You might also want to customize your relay's information in the config file. Look for the `info` section and update it with your relay's name, description, and other details. Set ownership of the configuration file: ```bash sudo chown strfry:strfry /etc/strfry.conf ``` ### Create Systemd Service Create a systemd service file for managing Strfry: ```bash sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/strfry.service ``` Add the following content: ```ini [Unit] Description=strfry relay service [Service] User=strfry ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/strfry relay Restart=on-failure RestartSec=5 ProtectHome=yes NoNewPrivileges=yes ProtectSystem=full LimitCORE=1000000000 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target ``` This systemd service configuration: - Runs Strfry as the dedicated strfry user - Automatically restarts the service if it fails - Implements security measures like `ProtectHome` and `NoNewPrivileges` - Sets resource limits appropriate for a relay Enable and start the service: ```bash sudo systemctl enable strfry.service sudo systemctl start strfry ``` Check the service status: ```bash sudo systemctl status strfry ``` ### Verify Relay is Running Test that your relay is running locally: ```bash curl localhost:7777 ``` You should see a message indicating that the Strfry relay is running. This confirms that Strfry is properly installed and configured before we proceed to set up TOR. ## Setting Up TOR Now let's make your relay accessible as a TOR hidden service. ### Install TOR Install TOR from the package repositories: ```bash sudo apt install -y tor ``` This installs the TOR daemon that will create and manage your hidden service. ### Configure TOR Edit the TOR configuration file: ```bash sudo nano /etc/tor/torrc ``` Scroll down to wherever you see a commented out part like this: ``` #HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/hidden_service/ #HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:80 ``` Under those lines, add the following lines to set up a hidden service for your relay: ``` HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/strfry-relay/ HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:7777 ``` This configuration: - Creates a hidden service directory at `/var/lib/tor/strfry-relay/` - Maps port 80 on your .onion address to port 7777 on your local machine - Keeps all traffic encrypted within the TOR network Create the directory for your hidden service: ```bash sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/tor/strfry-relay/ sudo chown debian-tor:debian-tor /var/lib/tor/strfry-relay/ sudo chmod 700 /var/lib/tor/strfry-relay/ ``` The strict permissions (700) are crucial for security as they ensure only the debian-tor user can access the directory containing your hidden service private keys. Restart TOR to apply changes: ```bash sudo systemctl restart tor ``` ## Making Your Relay Available on TOR ### Get Your Onion Address After restarting TOR, you can find your onion address: ```bash sudo cat /var/lib/tor/strfry-relay/hostname ``` This will output something like `abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz234567.onion`, which is your relay's unique .onion address. This is what you'll share with others to access your relay. ### Understanding Onion Addresses The .onion address is a special-format hostname that is automatically generated based on your hidden service's private key. Your users will need to use this address with the WebSocket protocol prefix to connect: `ws://youronionaddress.onion` ## Testing Your Setup ### Test with a Nostr Client The best way to test your relay is with an actual Nostr client that supports TOR: 1. Open your TOR browser 2. Go to your favorite client, either on clearnet or an onion service. - Check out [this list](https://github.com/0xtrr/onion-service-nostr-clients?tab=readme-ov-file#onion-service-nostr-clients) of nostr clients available over TOR. 3. Add your relay URL: `ws://youronionaddress.onion` to your relay list 4. Try posting a note and see if it appears on your relay - In some nostr clients, you can also click on a relay to get information about it like the relay name and description you set earlier in the stryfry config. If you're able to see the correct values for the name and the description, you were able to connect to the relay. - Some nostr clients also gives you a status on what relays a note was posted to, this could also give you an indication that your relay works as expected. Note that not all Nostr clients support TOR connections natively. Some may require additional configuration or use of TOR Browser. E.g. most mobile apps would most likely require a TOR proxy app running in the background (some have TOR support built in too). ## Maintenance and Security ### Regular Updates Keep your system, TOR, and relay updated: ```bash # Update system sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade -y # Update Strfry cd ~/strfry git pull git submodule update make -j2 sudo cp strfry /usr/local/bin sudo systemctl restart strfry # Verify TOR is still running properly sudo systemctl status tor ``` Regular updates are crucial for security, especially for TOR which may have security-critical updates. ### Database Management Strfry has built-in database management tools. Check the Strfry documentation for specific commands related to database maintenance, such as managing event retention and performing backups. ### Monitoring Logs To monitor your Strfry logs: ```bash sudo journalctl -u strfry -f ``` To check TOR logs: ```bash sudo journalctl -u tor -f ``` Monitoring logs helps you identify potential issues and understand how your relay is being used. ### Backup This is not a best practices guide on how to do backups. Preferably, backups should be stored either offline or on a different machine than your relay server. This is just a simple way on how to do it on the same server. ```bash # Stop the relay temporarily sudo systemctl stop strfry # Backup the database sudo cp -r /var/lib/strfry /path/to/backup/location # Restart the relay sudo systemctl start strfry ``` Back up your TOR hidden service private key. The private key is particularly sensitive as it defines your .onion address - losing it means losing your address permanently. If you do a backup of this, ensure that is stored in a safe place where no one else has access to it. ```bash sudo cp /var/lib/tor/strfry-relay/hs_ed25519_secret_key /path/to/secure/backup/location ``` ## Troubleshooting ### Relay Not Starting If your relay doesn't start: ```bash # Check logs sudo journalctl -u strfry -e # Verify configuration cat /etc/strfry.conf # Check permissions ls -la /var/lib/strfry ``` Common issues include: - Incorrect configuration format - Permission problems with the data directory - Port already in use (another service using port 7777) - Issues with setting the nofiles limit (setting it too big) ### TOR Hidden Service Not Working If your TOR hidden service is not accessible: ```bash # Check TOR logs sudo journalctl -u tor -e # Verify TOR is running sudo systemctl status tor # Check onion address sudo cat /var/lib/tor/strfry-relay/hostname # Verify TOR configuration sudo cat /etc/tor/torrc ``` Common TOR issues include: - Incorrect directory permissions - TOR service not running - Incorrect port mapping in torrc ### Testing Connectivity If you're having trouble connecting to your service: ```bash # Verify Strfry is listening locally sudo ss -tulpn | grep 7777 # Check that TOR is properly running sudo systemctl status tor # Test the local connection directly curl --include --no-buffer localhost:7777 ``` --- ## Privacy and Security Considerations Running a Nostr relay as a TOR hidden service provides several important privacy benefits: 1. **Network Privacy**: Traffic to your relay is encrypted and routed through the TOR network, making it difficult to determine who is connecting to your relay. 2. **Server Anonymity**: The physical location and IP address of your server are concealed, providing protection against denial-of-service attacks and other targeting. 3. **Censorship Resistance**: TOR hidden services are more resilient against censorship attempts, as they don't rely on the regular DNS system and can't be easily blocked. 4. **User Privacy**: Users connecting to your relay through TOR enjoy enhanced privacy, as their connections are also encrypted and anonymized. However, there are some important considerations: - TOR connections are typically slower than regular internet connections - Not all Nostr clients support TOR connections natively - Running a hidden service increases the importance of keeping your server secure --- Congratulations! You now have a Strfry Nostr relay running as a TOR hidden service. This setup provides a resilient, privacy-focused, and censorship-resistant communication channel that helps strengthen the Nostr network. For further customization and advanced configuration options, refer to the [Strfry documentation](https://github.com/hoytech/strfry). Consider sharing your relay's .onion address with the Nostr community to help grow the privacy-focused segment of the network! If you plan on providing a relay service that the public can use (either for free or paid for), consider adding it to [this list](https://github.com/0xtrr/onion-service-nostr-relays). Only add it if you plan to run a stable and available relay.

@ bc52210b:20bfc6de

CISA, or Cross-Input Signature Aggregation, is a technique in Bitcoin that allows multiple signatures from different inputs in a transaction to be combined into a single, aggregated signature. This is a big deal because Bitcoin transactions often involve multiple inputs (e.g., spending from different wallet outputs), each requiring its own signature. Normally, these signatures take up space individually, but CISA compresses them into one, making transactions more efficient. This magic is possible thanks to the linearity property of Schnorr signatures, a type of digital signature introduced to Bitcoin with the Taproot upgrade. Unlike the older ECDSA signatures, Schnorr signatures have mathematical properties that allow multiple signatures to be added together into a single valid signature. Think of it like combining multiple handwritten signatures into one super-signature that still proves everyone signed off! Fun Fact: CISA was considered for inclusion in Taproot but was left out to keep the upgrade simple and manageable. Adding CISA would’ve made Taproot more complex, so the developers hit pause on it—for now. --- **CISA vs. Key Aggregation (MuSig, FROST): Don’t Get Confused!** Before we go deeper, let’s clear up a common mix-up: CISA is not the same as protocols like MuSig or FROST. Here’s why: * Signature Aggregation (CISA): Combines multiple signatures into one, each potentially tied to different public keys and messages (e.g., different transaction inputs). * Key Aggregation (MuSig, FROST): Combines multiple public keys into a single aggregated public key, then generates one signature for that key. **Key Differences:** 1. What’s Aggregated? * CISA: Aggregates signatures. * Key Aggregation: Aggregates public keys. 2. What the Verifier Needs * CISA: The verifier needs all individual public keys and their corresponding messages to check the aggregated signature. * Key Aggregation: The verifier only needs the single aggregated public key and one message. 3. When It Happens * CISA: Used during transaction signing, when inputs are being combined into a transaction. * MuSig: Used during address creation, setting up a multi-signature (multisig) address that multiple parties control. So, CISA is about shrinking signature data in a transaction, while MuSig/FROST are about simplifying multisig setups. Different tools, different jobs! --- **Two Flavors of CISA: Half-Agg and Full-Agg** CISA comes in two modes: * Full Aggregation (Full-Agg): Interactive, meaning signers need to collaborate during the signing process. (We’ll skip the details here since the query focuses on Half-Agg.) * Half Aggregation (Half-Agg): Non-interactive, meaning signers can work independently, and someone else can combine the signatures later. Since the query includes “CISA Part 2: Half Signature Aggregation,” let’s zoom in on Half-Agg. --- **Half Signature Aggregation (Half-Agg) Explained** **How It Works** Half-Agg is a non-interactive way to aggregate Schnorr signatures. Here’s the process: 1. Independent Signing: Each signer creates their own Schnorr signature for their input, without needing to talk to the other signers. 2. Aggregation Step: An aggregator (could be anyone, like a wallet or node) takes all these signatures and combines them into one aggregated signature. A Schnorr signature has two parts: * R: A random point (32 bytes). * s: A scalar value (32 bytes). In Half-Agg: * The R values from each signature are kept separate (one per input). * The s values from all signatures are combined into a single s value. **Why It Saves Space (~50%)** Let’s break down the size savings with some math: Before Aggregation: * Each Schnorr signature = 64 bytes (32 for R + 32 for s). * For n inputs: n × 64 bytes. After Half-Agg: * Keep n R values (32 bytes each) = 32 × n bytes. * Combine all s values into one = 32 bytes. * Total size: 32 × n + 32 bytes. Comparison: * Original: 64n bytes. * Half-Agg: 32n + 32 bytes. * For large n, the “+32” becomes small compared to 32n, so it’s roughly 32n, which is half of 64n. Hence, ~50% savings! **Real-World Impact:** Based on recent Bitcoin usage, Half-Agg could save: * ~19.3% in space (reducing transaction size). * ~6.9% in fees (since fees depend on transaction size). This assumes no major changes in how people use Bitcoin post-CISA. --- **Applications of Half-Agg** Half-Agg isn’t just a cool idea—it has practical uses: 1. Transaction-wide Aggregation * Combine all signatures within a single transaction. * Result: Smaller transactions, lower fees. 2. Block-wide Aggregation * Combine signatures across all transactions in a Bitcoin block. * Result: Even bigger space savings at the blockchain level. 3. Off-chain Protocols / P2P * Use Half-Agg in systems like Lightning Network gossip messages. * Benefit: Efficiency without needing miners or a Bitcoin soft fork. --- **Challenges with Half-Agg** While Half-Agg sounds awesome, it’s not without hurdles, especially at the block level: 1. Breaking Adaptor Signatures * Adaptor signatures are special signatures used in protocols like Discreet Log Contracts (DLCs) or atomic swaps. They tie a signature to revealing a secret, ensuring fair exchanges. * Aggregating signatures across a block might mess up these protocols, as the individual signatures get blended together, potentially losing the properties adaptor signatures rely on. 2. Impact on Reorg Recovery * In Bitcoin, a reorganization (reorg) happens when the blockchain switches to a different chain of blocks. Transactions from the old chain need to be rebroadcast or reprocessed. * If signatures are aggregated at the block level, it could complicate extracting individual transactions and their signatures during a reorg, slowing down recovery. These challenges mean Half-Agg needs careful design, especially for block-wide use. --- **Wrapping Up** CISA is a clever way to make Bitcoin transactions more efficient by aggregating multiple Schnorr signatures into one, thanks to their linearity property. Half-Agg, the non-interactive mode, lets signers work independently, cutting signature size by about 50% (to 32n + 32 bytes from 64n bytes). It could save ~19.3% in space and ~6.9% in fees, with uses ranging from single transactions to entire blocks or off-chain systems like Lightning. But watch out—block-wide Half-Agg could trip up adaptor signatures and reorg recovery, so it’s not a slam dunk yet. Still, it’s a promising tool for a leaner, cheaper Bitcoin future!

@ b17fccdf:b7211155

Si vives en España, quizás hayas notado que no puedes acceder a ciertas páginas webs durante los fines de semana o en algunos días entre semana, entre ellas, la [guía de MiniBolt](https://minbolt.info/). Esto tiene una **razón**, por supuesto una **solución**, además de una **conclusión**. Sin entrar en demasiados detalles: ## La razón El **bloqueo a Cloudflare**, implementado desde hace casi dos meses por operadores de Internet (ISPs) en España (como Movistar, O2, DIGI, Pepephone, entre otros), se basa en una [orden judicial](https://www.poderjudicial.es/search/AN/openDocument/3c85bed480cbb1daa0a8778d75e36f0d/20221004) emitida tras una demanda de LALIGA (Fútbol). Esta medida busca combatir la piratería en España, un problema que afecta directamente a dicha organización. Aunque la intención original era restringir el acceso a dominios específicos que difundieran dicho contenido, Cloudflare emplea el protocolo [ECH](https://developers.cloudflare.com/ssl/edge-certificates/ech) (Encrypted Client Hello), que oculta el nombre del dominio, el cual antes se transmitía en texto plano durante el proceso de establecimiento de una conexión TLS. Esta medida dificulta que las operadoras analicen el tráfico para aplicar **bloqueos basados en dominios**, lo que les obliga a recurrir a **bloqueos más amplios por IP o rangos de IP** para cumplir con la orden judicial. Esta práctica tiene **consecuencias graves**, que han sido completamente ignoradas por quienes la ejecutan. Es bien sabido que una infraestructura de IP puede alojar numerosos dominios, tanto legítimos como no legítimos. La falta de un "ajuste fino" en los bloqueos provoca un **perjuicio para terceros**, **restringiendo el acceso a muchos dominios legítimos** que no tiene relación alguna con actividades ilícitas, pero que comparten las mismas IPs de Cloudflare con dominios cuestionables. Este es el caso de la [web de MiniBolt](https://minibolt.minibolt.info) y su dominio `minibolt.info`, los cuales **utilizan Cloudflare como proxy** para aprovechar las medidas de **seguridad, privacidad, optimización y servicios** adicionales que la plataforma ofrece de forma gratuita. Si bien este bloqueo parece ser temporal (al menos durante la temporada 24/25 de fútbol, hasta finales de mayo), es posible que se reactive con el inicio de la nueva temporada.  ## La solución Obviamente, **MiniBolt no dejará de usar Cloudflare** como proxy por esta razón. Por lo que a continuación se exponen algunas medidas que como usuario puedes tomar para **evitar esta restricción** y poder acceder: **~>** Utiliza **una VPN**: Existen varias soluciones de proveedores de VPN, ordenadas según su reputación en privacidad: - [IVPN](https://www.ivpn.net/es/) - [Mullvad VPN](https://mullvad.net/es/vpn) - [Proton VPN](https://protonvpn.com/es-es) (**gratis**) - [Obscura VPN](https://obscura.net/) (**solo para macOS**) - [Cloudfare WARP](https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/connections/connect-devices/warp/download-warp/) (**gratis**) + permite utilizar el modo proxy local para enrutar solo la navegación, debes utilizar la opción "WARP a través de proxy local" siguiendo estos pasos: 1. Inicia Cloudflare WARP y dentro de la pequeña interfaz haz click en la rueda dentada abajo a la derecha > "Preferencias" > "Avanzado" > "Configurar el modo proxy" 2. Marca la casilla "Habilite el modo proxy en este dispositivo" 3. Elige un "Puerto de escucha de proxy" entre 0-65535. ej: 1080, haz click en "Aceptar" y cierra la ventana de preferencias 4. Accede de nuevo a Cloudflare WARP y pulsa sobre el switch para habilitar el servicio. 3. Ahora debes apuntar el proxy del navegador a Cloudflare WARP, la configuración del navegador es similar a [esta](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/system/system/privacy#example-from-firefox) para el caso de navegadores basados en Firefox. Una vez hecho, deberías poder acceder a la [guía de MiniBolt](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/) sin problemas. Si tienes dudas, déjalas en comentarios e intentaré resolverlas. Más info [AQUÍ](https://bandaancha.eu/articulos/como-saltarse-bloqueo-webs-warp-vpn-9958).  **~>** [**Proxifica tu navegador para usar la red de Tor**](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/system/system/privacy#ssh-remote-access-through-tor), o utiliza el [**navegador oficial de Tor**](https://www.torproject.org/es/download/) (recomendado).  ## La conclusión Estos hechos ponen en tela de juicio los principios fundamentales de la neutralidad de la red, pilares esenciales de la [Declaración de Independencia del Ciberespacio](https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Declaraci%C3%B3n_de_independencia_del_ciberespacio) que defiende un internet libre, sin restricciones ni censura. Dichos principios se han visto quebrantados sin precedentes en este país, confirmando que ese futuro distópico que muchos negaban, ya es una realidad. Es momento de actuar y estar preparados: debemos **impulsar el desarrollo y la difusión** de las **herramientas anticensura** que tenemos a nuestro alcance, protegiendo así la **libertad digital** y asegurando un acceso equitativo a la información para todos Este compromiso es uno de los **pilares fundamentales de MiniBolt,** lo que convierte este desafío en una oportunidad para poner a prueba las **soluciones anticensura** [ya disponibles](https://minibolt.minibolt.info/bonus-guides/system/tor-services), así como **las que están en camino**. ¡Censúrame si puedes, legislador! ¡La lucha por la privacidad y la libertad en Internet ya está en marcha!  --- Fuentes: * https://bandaancha.eu/articulos/movistar-o2-deja-clientes-sin-acceso-11239 * https://bandaancha.eu/articulos/esta-nueva-sentencia-autoriza-bloqueos-11257 * https://bandaancha.eu/articulos/como-saltarse-bloqueo-webs-warp-vpn-9958 * https://bandaancha.eu/articulos/como-activar-ech-chrome-acceder-webs-10689 * https://comunidad.movistar.es/t5/Soporte-Fibra-y-ADSL/Problema-con-web-que-usan-Cloudflare/td-p/5218007

@ 3b7fc823:e194354f

A quick guide for the less than technical savvy to set up their very own free private tor enabled email using Onionmail. Privacy is for everyone, not just the super cyber nerds. Onion Mail is an anonymous POP3/SMTP email server program hosted by various people on the internet. You can visit this site and read the details: https://en.onionmail.info/ 1. Download Tor Browser First, if you don't already, go download Tor Browser. You are going to need it. https://www.torproject.org/ 2. Sign Up Using Tor browser go to the directory page (https://onionmail.info/directory.html) choose one of the servers and sign up for an account. I say sign up but it is just choosing a user name you want to go before the @xyz.onion email address and solving a captcha. 3. Account information Once you are done signing up an Account information page will pop up. **MAKE SURE YOU SAVE THIS!!!** It has your address and passwords (for sending and receiving email) that you will need. If you lose them then you are shit out of luck. 4. Install an Email Client You can use Claws Mail, Neomutt, or whatever, but for this example, we will be using Thunderbird. a. Download Thunderbird email client b. The easy setup popup page that wants your name, email, and password isn't going to like your user@xyz.onion address. Just enter something that looks like a regular email address such as name@example.com and the **Configure Manually**option will appear below. Click that. 5. Configure Incoming (POP3) Server Under Incoming Server: Protocol: POP3 Server or Hostname: xyz.onion (whatever your account info says) Port: 110 Security: STARTTLS Authentication: Normal password Username: (your username) Password: (POP3 password). 6. Configure Outgoing (SMTP) Server Under Outgoing Server: Server or Hostname: xyz.onion (whatever your account info says) Port: 25 Security: STARTTLS Authentication: Normal password Username: (your username) Password: (SMTP password). 7. Click on email at the top and change your address if you had to use a spoof one to get the configure manually to pop up. 8. Configure Proxy a. Click the **gear icon** on the bottom left for settings. Scroll all the way down to **Network & Disk Space**. Click the **settings button** next to **Connection. Configure how Thunderbird connects to the internet**. b. Select **Manual Proxy Configuration**. For **SOCKS Host** enter **127.0.0.1** and enter port **9050**. (if you are running this through a VM the port may be different) c. Now check the box for **SOCKS5** and then **Proxy DNS when using SOCKS5** down at the bottom. Click OK 9. Check Email For thunderbird to reach the onion mail server it has to be connected to tor. Depending on your local setup, it might be fine as is or you might have to have tor browser open in the background. Click on **inbox** and then the **little cloud icon** with the down arrow to check mail. 10. Security Exception Thunderbird is not going to like that the onion mail server security certificate is self signed. A popup **Add Security Exception** will appear. Click **Confirm Security Exception**. You are done. Enjoy your new private email service. **REMEMBER: The server can read your emails unless they are encrypted. Go into account settings. Look down and click End-toEnd Encryption. Then add your OpenPGP key or open your OpenPGP Key Manager (you might have to download one if you don't already have one) and generate a new key for this account.**

@ 21335073:a244b1ad

**Warning: This piece contains a conversation about difficult topics. Please proceed with caution.** TL;DR please educate your children about online safety. Julian Assange wrote in his 2012 book *Cypherpunks*, “This book is not a manifesto. There isn’t time for that. This book is a warning.” I read it a few times over the past summer. Those opening lines definitely stood out to me. I wish we had listened back then. He saw something about the internet that few had the ability to see. There are some individuals who are so close to a topic that when they speak, it’s difficult for others who aren’t steeped in it to visualize what they’re talking about. I didn’t read the book until more recently. If I had read it when it came out, it probably would have sounded like an unknown foreign language to me. Today it makes more sense. This isn’t a manifesto. This isn’t a book. There is no time for that. It’s a warning and a possible solution from a desperate and determined survivor advocate who has been pulling and unraveling a thread for a few years. At times, I feel too close to this topic to make any sense trying to convey my pathway to my conclusions or thoughts to the general public. My hope is that if nothing else, I can convey my sense of urgency while writing this. This piece is a watchman’s warning. When a child steps online, they are walking into a new world. A new reality. When you hand a child the internet, you are handing them possibilities—good, bad, and ugly. This is a conversation about lowering the potential of negative outcomes of stepping into that new world and how I came to these conclusions. I constantly compare the internet to the road. You wouldn’t let a young child run out into the road with no guidance or safety precautions. When you hand a child the internet without any type of guidance or safety measures, you are allowing them to play in rush hour, oncoming traffic. “Look left, look right for cars before crossing.” We almost all have been taught that as children. What are we taught as humans about safety before stepping into a completely different reality like the internet? Very little. I could never really figure out why many folks in tech, privacy rights activists, and hackers seemed so cold to me while talking about online child sexual exploitation. I always figured that as a survivor advocate for those affected by these crimes, that specific, skilled group of individuals would be very welcoming and easy to talk to about such serious topics. I actually had one hacker laugh in my face when I brought it up while I was looking for answers. I thought maybe this individual thought I was accusing them of something I wasn’t, so I felt bad for asking. I was constantly extremely disappointed and would ask myself, “Why don’t they care? What could I say to make them care more? What could I say to make them understand the crisis and the level of suffering that happens as a result of the problem?” I have been serving minor survivors of online child sexual exploitation for years. My first case serving a survivor of this specific crime was in 2018—a 13-year-old girl sexually exploited by a serial predator on Snapchat. That was my first glimpse into this side of the internet. I won a national award for serving the minor survivors of Twitter in 2023, but I had been working on that specific project for a few years. I was nominated by a lawyer representing two survivors in a legal battle against the platform. I’ve never really spoken about this before, but at the time it was a choice for me between fighting Snapchat or Twitter. I chose Twitter—or rather, Twitter chose me. I heard about the story of John Doe #1 and John Doe #2, and I was so unbelievably broken over it that I went to war for multiple years. I was and still am royally pissed about that case. As far as I was concerned, the John Doe #1 case proved that whatever was going on with corporate tech social media was so out of control that I didn’t have time to wait, so I got to work. It was reading the messages that John Doe #1 sent to Twitter begging them to remove his sexual exploitation that broke me. He was a child begging adults to do something. A passion for justice and protecting kids makes you do wild things. I was desperate to find answers about what happened and searched for solutions. In the end, the platform Twitter was purchased. During the acquisition, I just asked Mr. Musk nicely to prioritize the issue of detection and removal of child sexual exploitation without violating digital privacy rights or eroding end-to-end encryption. Elon thanked me multiple times during the acquisition, made some changes, and I was thanked by others on the survivors’ side as well. I still feel that even with the progress made, I really just scratched the surface with Twitter, now X. I left that passion project when I did for a few reasons. I wanted to give new leadership time to tackle the issue. Elon Musk made big promises that I knew would take a while to fulfill, but mostly I had been watching global legislation transpire around the issue, and frankly, the governments are willing to go much further with X and the rest of corporate tech than I ever would. My work begging Twitter to make changes with easier reporting of content, detection, and removal of child sexual exploitation material—without violating privacy rights or eroding end-to-end encryption—and advocating for the minor survivors of the platform went as far as my principles would have allowed. I’m grateful for that experience. I was still left with a nagging question: “How did things get so bad with Twitter where the John Doe #1 and John Doe #2 case was able to happen in the first place?” I decided to keep looking for answers. I decided to keep pulling the thread. I never worked for Twitter. This is often confusing for folks. I will say that despite being disappointed in the platform’s leadership at times, I loved Twitter. I saw and still see its value. I definitely love the survivors of the platform, but I also loved the platform. I was a champion of the platform’s ability to give folks from virtually around the globe an opportunity to speak and be heard. I want to be clear that John Doe #1 really is my why. He is the inspiration. I am writing this because of him. He represents so many globally, and I’m still inspired by his bravery. One child’s voice begging adults to do something—I’m an adult, I heard him. I’d go to war a thousand more lifetimes for that young man, and I don’t even know his name. Fighting has been personally dark at times; I’m not even going to try to sugarcoat it, but it has been worth it. The data surrounding the very real crime of online child sexual exploitation is available to the public online at any time for anyone to see. I’d encourage you to go look at the data for yourself. I believe in encouraging folks to check multiple sources so that you understand the full picture. If you are uncomfortable just searching around the internet for information about this topic, use the terms “CSAM,” “CSEM,” “SG-CSEM,” or “AI Generated CSAM.” The numbers don’t lie—it’s a nightmare that’s out of control. It’s a big business. The demand is high, and unfortunately, business is booming. Organizations collect the data, tech companies often post their data, governments report frequently, and the corporate press has covered a decent portion of the conversation, so I’m sure you can find a source that you trust. Technology is changing rapidly, which is great for innovation as a whole but horrible for the crime of online child sexual exploitation. Those wishing to exploit the vulnerable seem to be adapting to each technological change with ease. The governments are so far behind with tackling these issues that as I’m typing this, it’s borderline irrelevant to even include them while speaking about the crime or potential solutions. Technology is changing too rapidly, and their old, broken systems can’t even dare to keep up. Think of it like the governments’ “War on Drugs.” Drugs won. In this case as well, the governments are not winning. The governments are talking about maybe having a meeting on potentially maybe having legislation around the crimes. The time to have that meeting would have been many years ago. I’m not advocating for governments to legislate our way out of this. I’m on the side of educating and innovating our way out of this. I have been clear while advocating for the minor survivors of corporate tech platforms that I would not advocate for any solution to the crime that would violate digital privacy rights or erode end-to-end encryption. That has been a personal moral position that I was unwilling to budge on. This is an extremely unpopular and borderline nonexistent position in the anti-human trafficking movement and online child protection space. I’m often fearful that I’m wrong about this. I have always thought that a better pathway forward would have been to incentivize innovation for detection and removal of content. I had no previous exposure to privacy rights activists or Cypherpunks—actually, I came to that conclusion by listening to the voices of MENA region political dissidents and human rights activists. After developing relationships with human rights activists from around the globe, I realized how important privacy rights and encryption are for those who need it most globally. I was simply unwilling to give more power, control, and opportunities for mass surveillance to big abusers like governments wishing to enslave entire nations and untrustworthy corporate tech companies to potentially end some portion of abuses online. On top of all of it, it has been clear to me for years that all potential solutions outside of violating digital privacy rights to detect and remove child sexual exploitation online have not yet been explored aggressively. I’ve been disappointed that there hasn’t been more of a conversation around preventing the crime from happening in the first place. What has been tried is mass surveillance. In China, they are currently under mass surveillance both online and offline, and their behaviors are attached to a social credit score. Unfortunately, even on state-run and controlled social media platforms, they still have child sexual exploitation and abuse imagery pop up along with other crimes and human rights violations. They also have a thriving black market online due to the oppression from the state. In other words, even an entire loss of freedom and privacy cannot end the sexual exploitation of children online. It’s been tried. There is no reason to repeat this method. It took me an embarrassingly long time to figure out why I always felt a slight coldness from those in tech and privacy-minded individuals about the topic of child sexual exploitation online. I didn’t have any clue about the “Four Horsemen of the Infocalypse.” This is a term coined by Timothy C. May in 1988. I would have been a child myself when he first said it. I actually laughed at myself when I heard the phrase for the first time. I finally got it. The Cypherpunks weren’t wrong about that topic. They were so spot on that it is borderline uncomfortable. I was mad at first that they knew that early during the birth of the internet that this issue would arise and didn’t address it. Then I got over it because I realized that it wasn’t their job. Their job was—is—to write code. Their job wasn’t to be involved and loving parents or survivor advocates. Their job wasn’t to educate children on internet safety or raise awareness; their job was to write code. They knew that child sexual abuse material would be shared on the internet. They said what would happen—not in a gleeful way, but a prediction. Then it happened. I equate it now to a concrete company laying down a road. As you’re pouring the concrete, you can say to yourself, “A terrorist might travel down this road to go kill many, and on the flip side, a beautiful child can be born in an ambulance on this road.” Who or what travels down the road is not their responsibility—they are just supposed to lay the concrete. I’d never go to a concrete pourer and ask them to solve terrorism that travels down roads. Under the current system, law enforcement should stop terrorists before they even make it to the road. The solution to this specific problem is not to treat everyone on the road like a terrorist or to not build the road. So I understand the perceived coldness from those in tech. Not only was it not their job, but bringing up the topic was seen as the equivalent of asking a free person if they wanted to discuss one of the four topics—child abusers, terrorists, drug dealers, intellectual property pirates, etc.—that would usher in digital authoritarianism for all who are online globally. Privacy rights advocates and groups have put up a good fight. They stood by their principles. Unfortunately, when it comes to corporate tech, I believe that the issue of privacy is almost a complete lost cause at this point. It’s still worth pushing back, but ultimately, it is a losing battle—a ticking time bomb. I do think that corporate tech providers could have slowed down the inevitable loss of privacy at the hands of the state by prioritizing the detection and removal of CSAM when they all started online. I believe it would have bought some time, fewer would have been traumatized by that specific crime, and I do believe that it could have slowed down the demand for content. If I think too much about that, I’ll go insane, so I try to push the “if maybes” aside, but never knowing if it could have been handled differently will forever haunt me. At night when it’s quiet, I wonder what I would have done differently if given the opportunity. I’ll probably never know how much corporate tech knew and ignored in the hopes that it would go away while the problem continued to get worse. They had different priorities. The most voiceless and vulnerable exploited on corporate tech never had much of a voice, so corporate tech providers didn’t receive very much pushback. Now I’m about to say something really wild, and you can call me whatever you want to call me, but I’m going to say what I believe to be true. I believe that the governments are either so incompetent that they allowed the proliferation of CSAM online, or they knowingly allowed the problem to fester long enough to have an excuse to violate privacy rights and erode end-to-end encryption. The US government could have seized the corporate tech providers over CSAM, but I believe that they were so useful as a propaganda arm for the regimes that they allowed them to continue virtually unscathed. That season is done now, and the governments are making the issue a priority. It will come at a high cost. Privacy on corporate tech providers is virtually done as I’m typing this. It feels like a death rattle. I’m not particularly sure that we had much digital privacy to begin with, but the illusion of a veil of privacy feels gone. To make matters slightly more complex, it would be hard to convince me that once AI really gets going, digital privacy will exist at all. I believe that there should be a conversation shift to preserving freedoms and human rights in a post-privacy society. I don’t want to get locked up because AI predicted a nasty post online from me about the government. I’m not a doomer about AI—I’m just going to roll with it personally. I’m looking forward to the positive changes that will be brought forth by AI. I see it as inevitable. A bit of privacy was helpful while it lasted. Please keep fighting to preserve what is left of privacy either way because I could be wrong about all of this. On the topic of AI, the addition of AI to the horrific crime of child sexual abuse material and child sexual exploitation in multiple ways so far has been devastating. It’s currently out of control. The genie is out of the bottle. I am hopeful that innovation will get us humans out of this, but I’m not sure how or how long it will take. We must be extremely cautious around AI legislation. It should not be illegal to innovate even if some bad comes with the good. I don’t trust that the governments are equipped to decide the best pathway forward for AI. Source: the entire history of the government. I have been personally negatively impacted by AI-generated content. Every few days, I get another alert that I’m featured again in what’s called “deep fake pornography” without my consent. I’m not happy about it, but what pains me the most is the thought that for a period of time down the road, many globally will experience what myself and others are experiencing now by being digitally sexually abused in this way. If you have ever had your picture taken and posted online, you are also at risk of being exploited in this way. Your child’s image can be used as well, unfortunately, and this is just the beginning of this particular nightmare. It will move to more realistic interpretations of sexual behaviors as technology improves. I have no brave words of wisdom about how to deal with that emotionally. I do have hope that innovation will save the day around this specific issue. I’m nervous that everyone online will have to ID verify due to this issue. I see that as one possible outcome that could help to prevent one problem but inadvertently cause more problems, especially for those living under authoritarian regimes or anyone who needs to remain anonymous online. A zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) would probably be the best solution to these issues. There are some survivors of violence and/or sexual trauma who need to remain anonymous online for various reasons. There are survivor stories available online of those who have been abused in this way. I’d encourage you seek out and listen to their stories. There have been periods of time recently where I hesitate to say anything at all because more than likely AI will cover most of my concerns about education, awareness, prevention, detection, and removal of child sexual exploitation online, etc. Unfortunately, some of the most pressing issues we’ve seen online over the last few years come in the form of “sextortion.” Self-generated child sexual exploitation (SG-CSEM) numbers are continuing to be terrifying. I’d strongly encourage that you look into sextortion data. AI + sextortion is also a huge concern. The perpetrators are using the non-sexually explicit images of children and putting their likeness on AI-generated child sexual exploitation content and extorting money, more imagery, or both from minors online. It’s like a million nightmares wrapped into one. The wild part is that these issues will only get more pervasive because technology is harnessed to perpetuate horror at a scale unimaginable to a human mind. Even if you banned phones and the internet or tried to prevent children from accessing the internet, it wouldn’t solve it. Child sexual exploitation will still be with us until as a society we start to prevent the crime before it happens. That is the only human way out right now. There is no reset button on the internet, but if I could go back, I’d tell survivor advocates to heed the warnings of the early internet builders and to start education and awareness campaigns designed to prevent as much online child sexual exploitation as possible. The internet and technology moved quickly, and I don’t believe that society ever really caught up. We live in a world where a child can be groomed by a predator in their own home while sitting on a couch next to their parents watching TV. We weren’t ready as a species to tackle the fast-paced algorithms and dangers online. It happened too quickly for parents to catch up. How can you parent for the ever-changing digital world unless you are constantly aware of the dangers? I don’t think that the internet is inherently bad. I believe that it can be a powerful tool for freedom and resistance. I’ve spoken a lot about the bad online, but there is beauty as well. We often discuss how victims and survivors are abused online; we rarely discuss the fact that countless survivors around the globe have been able to share their experiences, strength, hope, as well as provide resources to the vulnerable. I do question if giving any government or tech company access to censorship, surveillance, etc., online in the name of serving survivors might not actually impact a portion of survivors negatively. There are a fair amount of survivors with powerful abusers protected by governments and the corporate press. If a survivor cannot speak to the press about their abuse, the only place they can go is online, directly or indirectly through an independent journalist who also risks being censored. This scenario isn’t hard to imagine—it already happened in China. During #MeToo, a survivor in China wanted to post their story. The government censored the post, so the survivor put their story on the blockchain. I’m excited that the survivor was creative and brave, but it’s terrifying to think that we live in a world where that situation is a necessity. I believe that the future for many survivors sharing their stories globally will be on completely censorship-resistant and decentralized protocols. This thought in particular gives me hope. When we listen to the experiences of a diverse group of survivors, we can start to understand potential solutions to preventing the crimes from happening in the first place. My heart is broken over the gut-wrenching stories of survivors sexually exploited online. Every time I hear the story of a survivor, I do think to myself quietly, “What could have prevented this from happening in the first place?” My heart is with survivors. My head, on the other hand, is full of the understanding that the internet should remain free. The free flow of information should not be stopped. My mind is with the innocent citizens around the globe that deserve freedom both online and offline. The problem is that governments don’t only want to censor illegal content that violates human rights—they create legislation that is so broad that it can impact speech and privacy of all. “Don’t you care about the kids?” Yes, I do. I do so much that I’m invested in finding solutions. I also care about all citizens around the globe that deserve an opportunity to live free from a mass surveillance society. If terrorism happens online, I should not be punished by losing my freedom. If drugs are sold online, I should not be punished. I’m not an abuser, I’m not a terrorist, and I don’t engage in illegal behaviors. I refuse to lose freedom because of others’ bad behaviors online. I want to be clear that on a long enough timeline, the governments will decide that they can be better parents/caregivers than you can if something isn’t done to stop minors from being sexually exploited online. The price will be a complete loss of anonymity, privacy, free speech, and freedom of religion online. I find it rather insulting that governments think they’re better equipped to raise children than parents and caretakers. So we can’t go backwards—all that we can do is go forward. Those who want to have freedom will find technology to facilitate their liberation. This will lead many over time to decentralized and open protocols. So as far as I’m concerned, this does solve a few of my worries—those who need, want, and deserve to speak freely online will have the opportunity in most countries—but what about online child sexual exploitation? When I popped up around the decentralized space, I was met with the fear of censorship. I’m not here to censor you. I don’t write code. I couldn’t censor anyone or any piece of content even if I wanted to across the internet, no matter how depraved. I don’t have the skills to do that. I’m here to start a conversation. Freedom comes at a cost. You must always fight for and protect your freedom. I can’t speak about protecting yourself from all of the Four Horsemen because I simply don’t know the topics well enough, but I can speak about this one topic. If there was a shortcut to ending online child sexual exploitation, I would have found it by now. There isn’t one right now. I believe that education is the only pathway forward to preventing the crime of online child sexual exploitation for future generations. I propose a yearly education course for every child of all school ages, taught as a standard part of the curriculum. Ideally, parents/caregivers would be involved in the education/learning process. **Course:** - The creation of the internet and computers - The fight for cryptography - The tech supply chain from the ground up (example: human rights violations in the supply chain) - Corporate tech - Freedom tech - Data privacy - Digital privacy rights - AI (history-current) - Online safety (predators, scams, catfishing, extortion) - Bitcoin - Laws - How to deal with online hate and harassment - Information on who to contact if you are being abused online or offline - Algorithms - How to seek out the truth about news, etc., online The parents/caregivers, homeschoolers, unschoolers, and those working to create decentralized parallel societies have been an inspiration while writing this, but my hope is that all children would learn this course, even in government ran schools. Ideally, parents would teach this to their own children. The decentralized space doesn’t want child sexual exploitation to thrive. Here’s the deal: there has to be a strong prevention effort in order to protect the next generation. The internet isn’t going anywhere, predators aren’t going anywhere, and I’m not down to let anyone have the opportunity to prove that there is a need for more government. I don’t believe that the government should act as parents. The governments have had a chance to attempt to stop online child sexual exploitation, and they didn’t do it. Can we try a different pathway forward? I’d like to put myself out of a job. I don’t want to ever hear another story like John Doe #1 ever again. This will require work. I’ve often called online child sexual exploitation the lynchpin for the internet. It’s time to arm generations of children with knowledge and tools. I can’t do this alone. Individuals have fought so that I could have freedom online. I want to fight to protect it. I don’t want child predators to give the government any opportunity to take away freedom. Decentralized spaces are as close to a reset as we’ll get with the opportunity to do it right from the start. Start the youth off correctly by preventing potential hazards to the best of your ability. The good news is anyone can work on this! I’d encourage you to take it and run with it. I added the additional education about the history of the internet to make the course more educational and fun. Instead of cleaning up generations of destroyed lives due to online sexual exploitation, perhaps this could inspire generations of those who will build our futures. Perhaps if the youth is armed with knowledge, they can create more tools to prevent the crime. This one solution that I’m suggesting can be done on an individual level or on a larger scale. It should be adjusted depending on age, learning style, etc. It should be fun and playful. This solution does not address abuse in the home or some of the root causes of offline child sexual exploitation. My hope is that it could lead to some survivors experiencing abuse in the home an opportunity to disclose with a trusted adult. The purpose for this solution is to prevent the crime of online child sexual exploitation before it occurs and to arm the youth with the tools to contact safe adults if and when it happens. In closing, I went to hell a few times so that you didn’t have to. I spoke to the mothers of survivors of minors sexually exploited online—their tears could fill rivers. I’ve spoken with political dissidents who yearned to be free from authoritarian surveillance states. The only balance that I’ve found is freedom online for citizens around the globe and prevention from the dangers of that for the youth. Don’t slow down innovation and freedom. Educate, prepare, adapt, and look for solutions. I’m not perfect and I’m sure that there are errors in this piece. I hope that you find them and it starts a conversation.

@ 21335073:a244b1ad

**Warning: This piece contains a conversation about difficult topics. Please proceed with caution.** TL;DR please educate your children about online safety. Julian Assange wrote in his 2012 book *Cypherpunks*, “This book is not a manifesto. There isn’t time for that. This book is a warning.” I read it a few times over the past summer. Those opening lines definitely stood out to me. I wish we had listened back then. He saw something about the internet that few had the ability to see. There are some individuals who are so close to a topic that when they speak, it’s difficult for others who aren’t steeped in it to visualize what they’re talking about. I didn’t read the book until more recently. If I had read it when it came out, it probably would have sounded like an unknown foreign language to me. Today it makes more sense. This isn’t a manifesto. This isn’t a book. There is no time for that. It’s a warning and a possible solution from a desperate and determined survivor advocate who has been pulling and unraveling a thread for a few years. At times, I feel too close to this topic to make any sense trying to convey my pathway to my conclusions or thoughts to the general public. My hope is that if nothing else, I can convey my sense of urgency while writing this. This piece is a watchman’s warning. When a child steps online, they are walking into a new world. A new reality. When you hand a child the internet, you are handing them possibilities—good, bad, and ugly. This is a conversation about lowering the potential of negative outcomes of stepping into that new world and how I came to these conclusions. I constantly compare the internet to the road. You wouldn’t let a young child run out into the road with no guidance or safety precautions. When you hand a child the internet without any type of guidance or safety measures, you are allowing them to play in rush hour, oncoming traffic. “Look left, look right for cars before crossing.” We almost all have been taught that as children. What are we taught as humans about safety before stepping into a completely different reality like the internet? Very little. I could never really figure out why many folks in tech, privacy rights activists, and hackers seemed so cold to me while talking about online child sexual exploitation. I always figured that as a survivor advocate for those affected by these crimes, that specific, skilled group of individuals would be very welcoming and easy to talk to about such serious topics. I actually had one hacker laugh in my face when I brought it up while I was looking for answers. I thought maybe this individual thought I was accusing them of something I wasn’t, so I felt bad for asking. I was constantly extremely disappointed and would ask myself, “Why don’t they care? What could I say to make them care more? What could I say to make them understand the crisis and the level of suffering that happens as a result of the problem?” I have been serving minor survivors of online child sexual exploitation for years. My first case serving a survivor of this specific crime was in 2018—a 13-year-old girl sexually exploited by a serial predator on Snapchat. That was my first glimpse into this side of the internet. I won a national award for serving the minor survivors of Twitter in 2023, but I had been working on that specific project for a few years. I was nominated by a lawyer representing two survivors in a legal battle against the platform. I’ve never really spoken about this before, but at the time it was a choice for me between fighting Snapchat or Twitter. I chose Twitter—or rather, Twitter chose me. I heard about the story of John Doe #1 and John Doe #2, and I was so unbelievably broken over it that I went to war for multiple years. I was and still am royally pissed about that case. As far as I was concerned, the John Doe #1 case proved that whatever was going on with corporate tech social media was so out of control that I didn’t have time to wait, so I got to work. It was reading the messages that John Doe #1 sent to Twitter begging them to remove his sexual exploitation that broke me. He was a child begging adults to do something. A passion for justice and protecting kids makes you do wild things. I was desperate to find answers about what happened and searched for solutions. In the end, the platform Twitter was purchased. During the acquisition, I just asked Mr. Musk nicely to prioritize the issue of detection and removal of child sexual exploitation without violating digital privacy rights or eroding end-to-end encryption. Elon thanked me multiple times during the acquisition, made some changes, and I was thanked by others on the survivors’ side as well. I still feel that even with the progress made, I really just scratched the surface with Twitter, now X. I left that passion project when I did for a few reasons. I wanted to give new leadership time to tackle the issue. Elon Musk made big promises that I knew would take a while to fulfill, but mostly I had been watching global legislation transpire around the issue, and frankly, the governments are willing to go much further with X and the rest of corporate tech than I ever would. My work begging Twitter to make changes with easier reporting of content, detection, and removal of child sexual exploitation material—without violating privacy rights or eroding end-to-end encryption—and advocating for the minor survivors of the platform went as far as my principles would have allowed. I’m grateful for that experience. I was still left with a nagging question: “How did things get so bad with Twitter where the John Doe #1 and John Doe #2 case was able to happen in the first place?” I decided to keep looking for answers. I decided to keep pulling the thread. I never worked for Twitter. This is often confusing for folks. I will say that despite being disappointed in the platform’s leadership at times, I loved Twitter. I saw and still see its value. I definitely love the survivors of the platform, but I also loved the platform. I was a champion of the platform’s ability to give folks from virtually around the globe an opportunity to speak and be heard. I want to be clear that John Doe #1 really is my why. He is the inspiration. I am writing this because of him. He represents so many globally, and I’m still inspired by his bravery. One child’s voice begging adults to do something—I’m an adult, I heard him. I’d go to war a thousand more lifetimes for that young man, and I don’t even know his name. Fighting has been personally dark at times; I’m not even going to try to sugarcoat it, but it has been worth it. The data surrounding the very real crime of online child sexual exploitation is available to the public online at any time for anyone to see. I’d encourage you to go look at the data for yourself. I believe in encouraging folks to check multiple sources so that you understand the full picture. If you are uncomfortable just searching around the internet for information about this topic, use the terms “CSAM,” “CSEM,” “SG-CSEM,” or “AI Generated CSAM.” The numbers don’t lie—it’s a nightmare that’s out of control. It’s a big business. The demand is high, and unfortunately, business is booming. Organizations collect the data, tech companies often post their data, governments report frequently, and the corporate press has covered a decent portion of the conversation, so I’m sure you can find a source that you trust. Technology is changing rapidly, which is great for innovation as a whole but horrible for the crime of online child sexual exploitation. Those wishing to exploit the vulnerable seem to be adapting to each technological change with ease. The governments are so far behind with tackling these issues that as I’m typing this, it’s borderline irrelevant to even include them while speaking about the crime or potential solutions. Technology is changing too rapidly, and their old, broken systems can’t even dare to keep up. Think of it like the governments’ “War on Drugs.” Drugs won. In this case as well, the governments are not winning. The governments are talking about maybe having a meeting on potentially maybe having legislation around the crimes. The time to have that meeting would have been many years ago. I’m not advocating for governments to legislate our way out of this. I’m on the side of educating and innovating our way out of this. I have been clear while advocating for the minor survivors of corporate tech platforms that I would not advocate for any solution to the crime that would violate digital privacy rights or erode end-to-end encryption. That has been a personal moral position that I was unwilling to budge on. This is an extremely unpopular and borderline nonexistent position in the anti-human trafficking movement and online child protection space. I’m often fearful that I’m wrong about this. I have always thought that a better pathway forward would have been to incentivize innovation for detection and removal of content. I had no previous exposure to privacy rights activists or Cypherpunks—actually, I came to that conclusion by listening to the voices of MENA region political dissidents and human rights activists. After developing relationships with human rights activists from around the globe, I realized how important privacy rights and encryption are for those who need it most globally. I was simply unwilling to give more power, control, and opportunities for mass surveillance to big abusers like governments wishing to enslave entire nations and untrustworthy corporate tech companies to potentially end some portion of abuses online. On top of all of it, it has been clear to me for years that all potential solutions outside of violating digital privacy rights to detect and remove child sexual exploitation online have not yet been explored aggressively. I’ve been disappointed that there hasn’t been more of a conversation around preventing the crime from happening in the first place. What has been tried is mass surveillance. In China, they are currently under mass surveillance both online and offline, and their behaviors are attached to a social credit score. Unfortunately, even on state-run and controlled social media platforms, they still have child sexual exploitation and abuse imagery pop up along with other crimes and human rights violations. They also have a thriving black market online due to the oppression from the state. In other words, even an entire loss of freedom and privacy cannot end the sexual exploitation of children online. It’s been tried. There is no reason to repeat this method. It took me an embarrassingly long time to figure out why I always felt a slight coldness from those in tech and privacy-minded individuals about the topic of child sexual exploitation online. I didn’t have any clue about the “Four Horsemen of the Infocalypse.” This is a term coined by Timothy C. May in 1988. I would have been a child myself when he first said it. I actually laughed at myself when I heard the phrase for the first time. I finally got it. The Cypherpunks weren’t wrong about that topic. They were so spot on that it is borderline uncomfortable. I was mad at first that they knew that early during the birth of the internet that this issue would arise and didn’t address it. Then I got over it because I realized that it wasn’t their job. Their job was—is—to write code. Their job wasn’t to be involved and loving parents or survivor advocates. Their job wasn’t to educate children on internet safety or raise awareness; their job was to write code. They knew that child sexual abuse material would be shared on the internet. They said what would happen—not in a gleeful way, but a prediction. Then it happened. I equate it now to a concrete company laying down a road. As you’re pouring the concrete, you can say to yourself, “A terrorist might travel down this road to go kill many, and on the flip side, a beautiful child can be born in an ambulance on this road.” Who or what travels down the road is not their responsibility—they are just supposed to lay the concrete. I’d never go to a concrete pourer and ask them to solve terrorism that travels down roads. Under the current system, law enforcement should stop terrorists before they even make it to the road. The solution to this specific problem is not to treat everyone on the road like a terrorist or to not build the road. So I understand the perceived coldness from those in tech. Not only was it not their job, but bringing up the topic was seen as the equivalent of asking a free person if they wanted to discuss one of the four topics—child abusers, terrorists, drug dealers, intellectual property pirates, etc.—that would usher in digital authoritarianism for all who are online globally. Privacy rights advocates and groups have put up a good fight. They stood by their principles. Unfortunately, when it comes to corporate tech, I believe that the issue of privacy is almost a complete lost cause at this point. It’s still worth pushing back, but ultimately, it is a losing battle—a ticking time bomb. I do think that corporate tech providers could have slowed down the inevitable loss of privacy at the hands of the state by prioritizing the detection and removal of CSAM when they all started online. I believe it would have bought some time, fewer would have been traumatized by that specific crime, and I do believe that it could have slowed down the demand for content. If I think too much about that, I’ll go insane, so I try to push the “if maybes” aside, but never knowing if it could have been handled differently will forever haunt me. At night when it’s quiet, I wonder what I would have done differently if given the opportunity. I’ll probably never know how much corporate tech knew and ignored in the hopes that it would go away while the problem continued to get worse. They had different priorities. The most voiceless and vulnerable exploited on corporate tech never had much of a voice, so corporate tech providers didn’t receive very much pushback. Now I’m about to say something really wild, and you can call me whatever you want to call me, but I’m going to say what I believe to be true. I believe that the governments are either so incompetent that they allowed the proliferation of CSAM online, or they knowingly allowed the problem to fester long enough to have an excuse to violate privacy rights and erode end-to-end encryption. The US government could have seized the corporate tech providers over CSAM, but I believe that they were so useful as a propaganda arm for the regimes that they allowed them to continue virtually unscathed. That season is done now, and the governments are making the issue a priority. It will come at a high cost. Privacy on corporate tech providers is virtually done as I’m typing this. It feels like a death rattle. I’m not particularly sure that we had much digital privacy to begin with, but the illusion of a veil of privacy feels gone. To make matters slightly more complex, it would be hard to convince me that once AI really gets going, digital privacy will exist at all. I believe that there should be a conversation shift to preserving freedoms and human rights in a post-privacy society. I don’t want to get locked up because AI predicted a nasty post online from me about the government. I’m not a doomer about AI—I’m just going to roll with it personally. I’m looking forward to the positive changes that will be brought forth by AI. I see it as inevitable. A bit of privacy was helpful while it lasted. Please keep fighting to preserve what is left of privacy either way because I could be wrong about all of this. On the topic of AI, the addition of AI to the horrific crime of child sexual abuse material and child sexual exploitation in multiple ways so far has been devastating. It’s currently out of control. The genie is out of the bottle. I am hopeful that innovation will get us humans out of this, but I’m not sure how or how long it will take. We must be extremely cautious around AI legislation. It should not be illegal to innovate even if some bad comes with the good. I don’t trust that the governments are equipped to decide the best pathway forward for AI. Source: the entire history of the government. I have been personally negatively impacted by AI-generated content. Every few days, I get another alert that I’m featured again in what’s called “deep fake pornography” without my consent. I’m not happy about it, but what pains me the most is the thought that for a period of time down the road, many globally will experience what myself and others are experiencing now by being digitally sexually abused in this way. If you have ever had your picture taken and posted online, you are also at risk of being exploited in this way. Your child’s image can be used as well, unfortunately, and this is just the beginning of this particular nightmare. It will move to more realistic interpretations of sexual behaviors as technology improves. I have no brave words of wisdom about how to deal with that emotionally. I do have hope that innovation will save the day around this specific issue. I’m nervous that everyone online will have to ID verify due to this issue. I see that as one possible outcome that could help to prevent one problem but inadvertently cause more problems, especially for those living under authoritarian regimes or anyone who needs to remain anonymous online. A zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) would probably be the best solution to these issues. There are some survivors of violence and/or sexual trauma who need to remain anonymous online for various reasons. There are survivor stories available online of those who have been abused in this way. I’d encourage you seek out and listen to their stories. There have been periods of time recently where I hesitate to say anything at all because more than likely AI will cover most of my concerns about education, awareness, prevention, detection, and removal of child sexual exploitation online, etc. Unfortunately, some of the most pressing issues we’ve seen online over the last few years come in the form of “sextortion.” Self-generated child sexual exploitation (SG-CSEM) numbers are continuing to be terrifying. I’d strongly encourage that you look into sextortion data. AI + sextortion is also a huge concern. The perpetrators are using the non-sexually explicit images of children and putting their likeness on AI-generated child sexual exploitation content and extorting money, more imagery, or both from minors online. It’s like a million nightmares wrapped into one. The wild part is that these issues will only get more pervasive because technology is harnessed to perpetuate horror at a scale unimaginable to a human mind. Even if you banned phones and the internet or tried to prevent children from accessing the internet, it wouldn’t solve it. Child sexual exploitation will still be with us until as a society we start to prevent the crime before it happens. That is the only human way out right now. There is no reset button on the internet, but if I could go back, I’d tell survivor advocates to heed the warnings of the early internet builders and to start education and awareness campaigns designed to prevent as much online child sexual exploitation as possible. The internet and technology moved quickly, and I don’t believe that society ever really caught up. We live in a world where a child can be groomed by a predator in their own home while sitting on a couch next to their parents watching TV. We weren’t ready as a species to tackle the fast-paced algorithms and dangers online. It happened too quickly for parents to catch up. How can you parent for the ever-changing digital world unless you are constantly aware of the dangers? I don’t think that the internet is inherently bad. I believe that it can be a powerful tool for freedom and resistance. I’ve spoken a lot about the bad online, but there is beauty as well. We often discuss how victims and survivors are abused online; we rarely discuss the fact that countless survivors around the globe have been able to share their experiences, strength, hope, as well as provide resources to the vulnerable. I do question if giving any government or tech company access to censorship, surveillance, etc., online in the name of serving survivors might not actually impact a portion of survivors negatively. There are a fair amount of survivors with powerful abusers protected by governments and the corporate press. If a survivor cannot speak to the press about their abuse, the only place they can go is online, directly or indirectly through an independent journalist who also risks being censored. This scenario isn’t hard to imagine—it already happened in China. During #MeToo, a survivor in China wanted to post their story. The government censored the post, so the survivor put their story on the blockchain. I’m excited that the survivor was creative and brave, but it’s terrifying to think that we live in a world where that situation is a necessity. I believe that the future for many survivors sharing their stories globally will be on completely censorship-resistant and decentralized protocols. This thought in particular gives me hope. When we listen to the experiences of a diverse group of survivors, we can start to understand potential solutions to preventing the crimes from happening in the first place. My heart is broken over the gut-wrenching stories of survivors sexually exploited online. Every time I hear the story of a survivor, I do think to myself quietly, “What could have prevented this from happening in the first place?” My heart is with survivors. My head, on the other hand, is full of the understanding that the internet should remain free. The free flow of information should not be stopped. My mind is with the innocent citizens around the globe that deserve freedom both online and offline. The problem is that governments don’t only want to censor illegal content that violates human rights—they create legislation that is so broad that it can impact speech and privacy of all. “Don’t you care about the kids?” Yes, I do. I do so much that I’m invested in finding solutions. I also care about all citizens around the globe that deserve an opportunity to live free from a mass surveillance society. If terrorism happens online, I should not be punished by losing my freedom. If drugs are sold online, I should not be punished. I’m not an abuser, I’m not a terrorist, and I don’t engage in illegal behaviors. I refuse to lose freedom because of others’ bad behaviors online. I want to be clear that on a long enough timeline, the governments will decide that they can be better parents/caregivers than you can if something isn’t done to stop minors from being sexually exploited online. The price will be a complete loss of anonymity, privacy, free speech, and freedom of religion online. I find it rather insulting that governments think they’re better equipped to raise children than parents and caretakers. So we can’t go backwards—all that we can do is go forward. Those who want to have freedom will find technology to facilitate their liberation. This will lead many over time to decentralized and open protocols. So as far as I’m concerned, this does solve a few of my worries—those who need, want, and deserve to speak freely online will have the opportunity in most countries—but what about online child sexual exploitation? When I popped up around the decentralized space, I was met with the fear of censorship. I’m not here to censor you. I don’t write code. I couldn’t censor anyone or any piece of content even if I wanted to across the internet, no matter how depraved. I don’t have the skills to do that. I’m here to start a conversation. Freedom comes at a cost. You must always fight for and protect your freedom. I can’t speak about protecting yourself from all of the Four Horsemen because I simply don’t know the topics well enough, but I can speak about this one topic. If there was a shortcut to ending online child sexual exploitation, I would have found it by now. There isn’t one right now. I believe that education is the only pathway forward to preventing the crime of online child sexual exploitation for future generations. I propose a yearly education course for every child of all school ages, taught as a standard part of the curriculum. Ideally, parents/caregivers would be involved in the education/learning process. **Course:** - The creation of the internet and computers - The fight for cryptography - The tech supply chain from the ground up (example: human rights violations in the supply chain) - Corporate tech - Freedom tech - Data privacy - Digital privacy rights - AI (history-current) - Online safety (predators, scams, catfishing, extortion) - Bitcoin - Laws - How to deal with online hate and harassment - Information on who to contact if you are being abused online or offline - Algorithms - How to seek out the truth about news, etc., online The parents/caregivers, homeschoolers, unschoolers, and those working to create decentralized parallel societies have been an inspiration while writing this, but my hope is that all children would learn this course, even in government ran schools. Ideally, parents would teach this to their own children. The decentralized space doesn’t want child sexual exploitation to thrive. Here’s the deal: there has to be a strong prevention effort in order to protect the next generation. The internet isn’t going anywhere, predators aren’t going anywhere, and I’m not down to let anyone have the opportunity to prove that there is a need for more government. I don’t believe that the government should act as parents. The governments have had a chance to attempt to stop online child sexual exploitation, and they didn’t do it. Can we try a different pathway forward? I’d like to put myself out of a job. I don’t want to ever hear another story like John Doe #1 ever again. This will require work. I’ve often called online child sexual exploitation the lynchpin for the internet. It’s time to arm generations of children with knowledge and tools. I can’t do this alone. Individuals have fought so that I could have freedom online. I want to fight to protect it. I don’t want child predators to give the government any opportunity to take away freedom. Decentralized spaces are as close to a reset as we’ll get with the opportunity to do it right from the start. Start the youth off correctly by preventing potential hazards to the best of your ability. The good news is anyone can work on this! I’d encourage you to take it and run with it. I added the additional education about the history of the internet to make the course more educational and fun. Instead of cleaning up generations of destroyed lives due to online sexual exploitation, perhaps this could inspire generations of those who will build our futures. Perhaps if the youth is armed with knowledge, they can create more tools to prevent the crime. This one solution that I’m suggesting can be done on an individual level or on a larger scale. It should be adjusted depending on age, learning style, etc. It should be fun and playful. This solution does not address abuse in the home or some of the root causes of offline child sexual exploitation. My hope is that it could lead to some survivors experiencing abuse in the home an opportunity to disclose with a trusted adult. The purpose for this solution is to prevent the crime of online child sexual exploitation before it occurs and to arm the youth with the tools to contact safe adults if and when it happens. In closing, I went to hell a few times so that you didn’t have to. I spoke to the mothers of survivors of minors sexually exploited online—their tears could fill rivers. I’ve spoken with political dissidents who yearned to be free from authoritarian surveillance states. The only balance that I’ve found is freedom online for citizens around the globe and prevention from the dangers of that for the youth. Don’t slow down innovation and freedom. Educate, prepare, adapt, and look for solutions. I’m not perfect and I’m sure that there are errors in this piece. I hope that you find them and it starts a conversation.

@ a07fae46:7d83df92

if the JFK documents come out and are nothing but old hat, it will be disappointing. but if they contain revelations, then they are an unalloyed good. unprecedented and extraordinary; worthy of praise and admiration. they murdered the president in broad daylight and kept 80,000 related documents secret for 60 years. the apparatus that did that and got away with it, is 100+ years in the making. the magic bullet was just the starting pistol of a new *era*; a *level up* in an [old game](https://archive.org/details/TragedyAndHope_501/page/n5/mode/2up?q=feudalist+fashion). it won't be dismantled and your republic delivered back with a bow in *2 months*. have a little humility and a little gratitude. cynicism is easy. it's peak mid-wittery. yeah no shit everything is corrupt and everyone's likely captured by [AIPAC](https://books.google.com/books/publisher/content?id=gKVKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT68&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&bul=1&sig=ACfU3U2pagVXTYdJOKxkAwmmFQpuSnoS5g&w=1280) or something beyond. YOU THINK AIPAC is the [ALL SEEING EYE](https://archive.org/details/the-all-seeing-eye-vol-1-5-manly-p.-hall-may-1923-sept-1931)? you can keep going, if you want to, but have some awareness and appreciation for where we are and what it took to get here. the first 'you are fake news' was also a shot heard 'round the world and you are riding high on it's [Infrasound](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrasound) wave, still reverberating; unappreciative of the profound delta in public awareness and understanding, and rate of change, that has occurred since that moment, in [2017](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vqpzk-qGxMU). think about where we were back then, especially with corporate capture of the narrative. trump's bullheaded behavior, if only ego-driven, *is* what broke the spell. an *actual* moment of savage bravery is what allows for your current jaded affectation. black pilled is boring. it's intellectually lazy. it is low-resolution-thinking, no better than progressives who explain the myriad ills of the world through 'racism'. normalcy bias works both ways. i'm not grading you on a curve that includes NPCs. i'm grading you against those of us with a mind, on up. do better. the best Webb-style doomer argument is essentially 'the mouse trap needs a piece of cheese in order to work'. ok, but it doesn't need 3 pieces of cheese, or 5. was FreeRoss the piece of cheese? was the SBR the cheese? real bitcoiners know how dumb the 'sbr is an attempt to takeover btc' narrative is, so extrapolate from that. what about withdrawal from the WHO? freeze and review of USAID et al? how many pieces of cheese before we realize it's not a trap? it's just a messy endeavor. Good morning. #jfkFiles #nostrOnly

@ bc52210b:20bfc6de

When writing safety critical code, every arithmetic operation carries the potential for catastrophic failure—whether that’s a plane crash in aerospace engineering or a massive financial loss in a smart contract. The stakes are incredibly high, and errors are not just bugs; they’re disasters waiting to happen. Smart contract developers need to shift their mindset: less like web developers, who might prioritize speed and iteration, and more like aerospace engineers, where precision, caution, and meticulous attention to detail are non-negotiable. In practice, this means treating every line of code as a critical component, adopting rigorous testing, and anticipating worst-case scenarios—just as an aerospace engineer would ensure a system can withstand extreme conditions. Safety critical code demands aerospace-level precision, and smart contract developers must rise to that standard to protect against the severe consequences of failure.

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

#ที่มาทำเพลง #ตัวหนังสือมีเสียง วันนี้จะเล่าถึงเพลง ตรุษจีนครับ เป็นเพลงที่เขียนเสร็จภายในคืนเดียว คือไม่ใช่ว่าเก่งกาจอะไรครับ แต่เนื้อหามีในหัวตั้งนานแล้วตั้งใจจะทำนานแล้วแต่ภารกิจอื่นมีมากจน 24 ชั่วโมงมันรู้สึกน้อยเกินไป เพลงนี้ความตั้งใจคือ หวังสูงเลยครับ หวังว่าสักวันหนึ่งเยาวราชจะเปิดเพลงนี้กันกระหึ่มในวันตรุษจีน ซึ่งรู้ตัวดีครับว่า ตัวเล็กๆ คงไม่ดังเปรี้ยงในรอบเดียว ผมคิดว่า จะอีก 5ปี 10ปี เพลงนี้มันปล่อยไปแล้วมันยังอยู่ไปเรื่อยๆครับ (เปิดตัวครั้งแรก มีคนเอาแผ่นเสียง tiktok ไปทำอวยพรกันราวๆ 185คลิป ผมดีใจมากแล้ว บางคนลิปซิงค์ด้วยแสดงว่าหัดร้อง โคตรดีใจเลยครับ) ผมตั้งใจทำให้โทนออกมาเป็นเหมือนคนจีนร้อง แนวประมาณฮอทเป๊บเปอร์ โซเฟียลา อะไรประมาณนี้ ดังนั้นการออกเสียงจะเหมือนคนจีนพูดไทยไม่ชัดอะไรแบบนั้นครับ เนื้อร้องนี่ผมตั้งใจเขียนแบบ เอาใจอาม่าเลย เราลองมาดูบางท่อนกันครับ "ซินเจียยู่อี่ ซินนี้ฮวดไช้ วันตรุษจีนนี้ ขอพรจากใจ จะทำสิ่งใด ขอให้เฮงเฮง" เป็นท่อนย้ำแล้วย้ำอีก เพราะจงใจให้เป็นเพลงอวยพร ก็เลยทำเป็นแกนหลักของเพลงนี้ จากนั้นตัวรองก็จะเป็นคำอวยพรในแต่ละเรื่อง มาซ้อนอีกทีนึง "ปีใหม่หวังได้สุขดี โรคภัยไม่มี แข็งแรงกว่าใคร เลือดลม กำลังภายใน เดินวิ่งยังไหว ได้เที่ยวทั้งปี" ท่อนนี้ผมนึกถึงอาม่าของผมครับ แกชอบดูหนังกำลังภายใน วีดีโอม้วนเป็นชุดๆ แล้วการได้ไปเที่ยวเรื่อยๆก็เป็นอีกความสุขนึงของคนแก่ ไม่ได้ต้องการอะไรมากไปกว่าร่างกายแข็งแรง เดินเหินไหว เที่ยวได้ "ไม่เพียงแค่ในปีนี้ แต่ขอให้ดี ทุกทุกปีไป ครอบครัวยิ้มได้ละไม ทุกคนสุขใจ เฮงเฮงดีดีดี" เป็นท่อนท้ายเพลงแล้ว ซึ่งก็ตบด้วยว่าไม่ได้เฉพาะปีนี้นะ ที่อวยพรกันขอให้ดีไปยาวๆ แล้วก็เล่นคำท้ายว่า "เฮงเฮงดีดีดี" คือ มันเป็นการรวมคำดีๆย้ำๆ ผมรู้สึกว่าพอตอนที่ทำเป็นเพลง มันจะเป็นท่อนที่คนยิ้มกว้างเลยหล่ะ เนื้อเพลงเต็มๆผมลงไว้ให้ข้างล่าง ส่วนการรับฟัง สามารถเข้าได้หลายทางมากครับ youtube music https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=EBKTZv3VvGM&si=f_IMFbDhdEJ6wEcv spotify https://open.spotify.com/track/3fCJyoQVAeWxdczfGbL3yT?si=vHV45hUTRPO6Mg9Pnh-w2w apple music https://music.apple.com/th/album/%E0%B8%8B-%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88-%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A2-%E0%B8%AD-%E0%B8%8B-%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99-%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8A/1789787248?i=1789787249 tiktok แผ่นเสียง https://vt.tiktok.com/ZSrk49SfL/ ส่วนเพลงอื่นๆ ฟังเต็มๆได้ทุก music plattform แล้วนะครับ ค้นหา heretong teera siri เพราะเพลงไม่ดังเลยต้องหาจากชื่อคนแทนครับ 55555 新正如意，新年发财 วันตรุษจีนนี้ขอพรจากใจ จะทำสิ่งใด ขอให้เฮงเฮง ปีใหม่หวังได้สุขดี เป็นเศรษฐีมีเงินทองใช้ ร่ำรวย รุ่งเรืองไปไกล คิดสิ่งใด ได้สมฤดี ซินเจียยู่อี่ ซินนี้ฮวดไช้ วันตรุษจีนนี้ขอพรจากใจ จะทำสิ่งใด ขอให้เฮงเฮง ปีใหม่หวังได้สุขดี โรคภัยไม่มี แข็งแรงกว่าใคร เลือดลม กำลังภายใน เดินวิ่งยังไหว ได้เที่ยวทั้งปี ซินเจียยู่อี่ ซินนี้ฮวดไช้ วันตรุษจีนนี้ขอพรจากใจ จะทำสิ่งใด ขอให้เฮงเฮง ไม่เพียงหวังได้สุขดี โรคภัยไม่มี แข็งแรงกว่าใคร เลือดลม กำลังภายใน เดินวิ่งยังไหว ได้เที่ยวทั้งปี ซินเจียยู่อี่ ซินนี้ฮวดไช้ วันตรุษจีนนี้ขอพรจากใจ จะทำสิ่งใด ขอให้เฮงเฮง ไม่เพียงแค่ในปีนี้ แต่ขอให้ดี ทุกทุกปีไป ครอบครัวยิ้มได้ละไม ทุกคนสุขใจ เฮงเฮงดีดีดี ซินเจียยู่อี่ ซินนี้ฮวดไช้ ขอจงมีความสุขใจ อวยพรนำชัย ให้ทั่วทุกคน ขอจงมีความสุขใจ อวยพรนำชัย ให้ทั่วทุกคน ขอจงมีความสุขใจ อวยพรนำชัย…ให้จงรุ่งเรือง #pirateketo #siripun #ตำรับเอ๋ #siamstr

@ df173277:4ec96708

## **Building Our Confidential Backend on Secure Enclaves** With our newly released [private and confidential **Maple AI**](https://trymaple.ai/?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud) and the open sourcing of our [**OpenSecret** platform](https://github.com/OpenSecretCloud/opensecret?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud) code, I'm excited to present this technical primer on how we built our confidential compute platform leveraging **secure enclaves**. By combining AWS Nitro enclaves with end-to-end encryption and reproducible builds, our platform gives developers and end users the confidence that user data is protected, even at runtime, and that the code operating on their data has not been tampered with. ## **Auth and Databases Today** As developers, we live in an era where protecting user data means "encryption at rest," plus some access policies and procedures. Developers typically run servers that: 1. Need to register users (authentication). 2. Collect and process user data in business-specific ways, often on the backend. Even if data is encrypted at rest, it's commonly unlocked with a single master key or credentials the server holds. This means that data is visible during runtime to the application, system administrators, and potentially to the hosting providers. This scenario makes it difficult (or impossible) to guarantee that sensitive data isn't snooped on, memory-dumped, or used in unauthorized ways (for instance, training AI models behind the scenes). ## **"Just Trust Us" Isn't Good Enough** In a traditional server architecture, users have to take it on faith that the code handling their data is the same code the operator claims to be running. Behind the scenes, applications can be modified or augmented to forward private information elsewhere, and there is no transparent way for users to verify otherwise. This lack of proof is unsettling, especially for services that process or store highly confidential data. Administrators, developers, or cloud providers with privileged access can inspect memory in plaintext, attach debuggers, or gain complete visibility into stored information. Hackers who compromise these privileged levels can directly access sensitive data. Even with strict policies or promises of good conduct, the reality is that technical capabilities and misconfigurations can override words on paper. If a server master key can decrypt your data or can be accessed by an insider with root permissions, then "just trust us" loses much of its credibility. The rise of AI platforms amplifies this dilemma. User data, often full of personal details, gets funneled into large-scale models that might be training or fine-tuning behind the scenes. Relying on vague assurances that "we don't look at your data" is no longer enough to prevent legitimate concerns about privacy and misuse. Now more than ever, providing a **strong, verifiable** guarantee that data remains off-limits, even when actively processed, has become a non-negotiable requirement for trustworthy services. ## **Current Attempts at Securing Data** Current User Experience of E2EE Apps While properly securing data is not easy, it isn't to say that no one is trying. Some solutions use **end-to-end encryption** (E2EE), where user data is encrypted client-side with a password or passphrase, so not even the server operator can decrypt it. That approach can be quite secure, but it also has its **limitations**: 1. **Key Management Nightmares**: If a user forgets their passphrase, the data is effectively lost, and there's no way to recover it from the developer's side. 2. **Feature Limitations**: Complex server-side operations (like offline/background tasks, AI queries, real-time collaboration, or heavy computation) can't easily happen if the server is never capable of processing decrypted data. 3. **Platform Silos**: Some solutions rely on iCloud, Google Drive, or local device storage. That can hamper multi-device usage or multi-OS compatibility. Other approaches include self-hosting. However, these either burden users with dev ops overhead or revert to the "trust me" model for the server if you "self-host" on a cloud provider. ## **Secure Enclaves** ### **The Hybrid Approach** Secure enclaves offer a compelling middle ground. They combine the privacy benefits of keeping data secure from prying admins while still allowing meaningful server-side computation. In a nutshell, an enclave is a protected environment within a machine, isolated at the hardware level, so that even if the OS or server is compromised, the data and code inside the enclave remain hidden. App Service Running Inside Secure Enclave ### **High-Level Goal of Enclaves** Enclaves, also known under the broader umbrella of **confidential computing**, aim to:\ • **Lock down data** so that only authorized code within the enclave can process the original plaintext data.\ • **Deny external inspection** by memory dumping, attaching a debugger, or intercepting plaintext network traffic.\ • **Prove** to external users or services that an enclave is running unmodified, approved code (this is where **remote attestation** comes in). ### **Different Secure Enclave Solutions** [**AMD SEV**](https://www.amd.com/en/developer/sev.html?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud) **(Secure Encrypted Virtualization)** encrypts an entire virtual machine's memory so that even a compromised hypervisor cannot inspect or modify guest data. Its core concept is "lift-and-shift" security. No application refactoring is required because hardware-based encryption automatically protects the OS and all VM applications. Later enhancements (SEV-ES and SEV-SNP) added encryption of CPU register states and memory integrity protections, further limiting hypervisor tampering. This broad coverage means the guest OS is included in the trusted boundary. AMD SEV has matured into a robust solution for confidential VMs in multi-tenant clouds. [**Intel TDX**](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/trust-domain-extensions/overview.html?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud) **(Trust Domain Extensions)** shifts from process-level enclaves to full VM encryption, allowing an entire guest operating system and its applications to run in an isolated "trust domain." Like AMD SEV, Intel TDX encrypts and protects all memory the VM uses from hypervisors or other privileged software, so developers do not need to refactor their code to benefit from hardware-based confidentiality. This broader scope addresses many SGX limitations, such as strict memory bounds and the need to split out enclave-specific logic, and offers a more straightforward "lift-and-shift" path for running existing workloads privately. While SGX is now deprecated, TDX carries forward the core confidential computing principles but applies them at the virtual machine level for more substantial isolation, easier deployment, and the ability to scale up to large, memory-intensive applications. [**Apple Secure Enclave and Private Compute**](https://security.apple.com/blog/private-cloud-compute/?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud) is a dedicated security coprocessor embedded in most Apple devices (iPhones, iPads, Macs) and now extended to Apple's server-side AI infrastructure. It runs its own microkernel, has hardware-protected memory, and securely manages operations such as biometric authentication, key storage, and cryptographic tasks. Apple's "Private Compute" approach in the cloud brings similar enclave capabilities to server-based AI, enabling on-device-grade privacy even when requests are processed in Apple's data centers. [**AWS Nitro Enclaves**](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/enclaves/latest/user/nitro-enclave.html?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud) carve out a tightly isolated "mini-VM" from a parent EC2 instance, with its own vCPUs and memory guarded by dedicated Nitro cards. The enclave has no persistent storage and no external network access, significantly reducing the attack surface. Communication with the parent instance occurs over a secure local channel (vsock), and AWS offers hardware-based attestation so that secrets (e.g., encryption keys from AWS KMS) can be accessed only to the correct enclave. This design helps developers protect sensitive data or code even if the main EC2 instance's OS is compromised. [**NVIDIA GPU TEEs**](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/data-center/solutions/confidential-computing/?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud) **(Hopper H100 and Blackwell)** extend confidential computing to accelerated workloads by encrypting data in GPU memory and ensuring that even a privileged host cannot view or tamper with it. Data moving between CPU and GPU is encrypted in transit, so sensitive model weights or inputs remain protected during AI training or inference. NVIDIA's hardware and drivers handle secure data paths under the hood, allowing confidential large language model (LLM) workloads and other GPU-accelerated computations to run with minimal performance overhead and strong security guarantees. ### **Key Benefits** One major advantage of enclaves is their ability to **keep memory completely off-limits** to outside prying eyes. Even administrators who can normally inspect processes at will are blocked from peeking into the enclave's protected memory space. The enclave model is a huge shift in the security model: it prevents casual inspection and defends against sophisticated memory dumping techniques that might otherwise leak secrets or sensitive data. Another key benefit centers on cryptographic keys that are **never exposed outside the enclave**. Only verified code running inside the enclave environment can run decryption or signing operations, and it can only do so while that specific code is running. This ensures that compromised hosts or rogue processes, even those with high-level privileges, are unable to intercept or misuse the keys because the keys remain strictly within the trusted boundary of the hardware. Enclaves can also offer the power of **remote attestation**, allowing external clients or systems to confirm that they're speaking to an authentic, untampered enclave. By validating the hardware's integrity measurements and enclave-specific proofs, the remote party can be confident in the underlying security properties, an important guarantee in multi-tenant environments or whenever trust boundaries extend across different organizations and networks. Beyond that, **reproducible builds** can create a verifiable fingerprint proving which binary runs in the enclave. This is a step above a simple "trust us" approach. Anyone can independently recreate the enclave image and verify the resulting cryptographic hash by using a reproducible build system (for example, [our NixOS-based solution](https://github.com/OpenSecretCloud/opensecret/blob/master/flake.nix?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud)). If it matches, then users and developers know precisely how code handles their data, boosting confidence that no hidden changes exist. It's worth noting that although enclaves shield you from software devs, cloud providers, and insider threats, you do have to trust the **hardware vendor** (Intel, AMD, Apple, AWS, or NVIDIA) to implement their microcode and firmware securely. The entire enclave model could be theoretically undermined if a CPU maker's root keys or manufacturing process were compromised. Fortunately, these companies undergo extensive audits and firmware validations (often with third-party researchers), and their remote attestation mechanisms allow you to confirm specific firmware versions before trusting an enclave. While this adds a layer of "vendor trust," it's still a far more contained risk than trusting an entire operating system or cloud stack, so enclaves remain a strong step forward in practical, confidential computing. ## **How We Use Secure Enclaves** Now that we've covered the general idea of enclaves let's look at how we specifically implement them in OpenSecret, our developer platform for handling user auth, private keys, data encryption, and AI workloads. ### **Our Stack: AWS Nitro + Nvidia TEE** • **AWS Nitro Enclaves for the backend**: All critical logic, authentication, private key management, and data encryption/decryption run inside an AWS Nitro Enclave. • **Nvidia Trusted Execution for AI**: For large AI inference (such as the Llama 3.3 70B model), we utilize Nvidia's GPU-based TEEs to protect even GPU memory. This means users can feed sensitive data to the AI model **without** exposing it in plaintext to the GPU providers or us as the operator. [Edgeless Systems](https://www.edgeless.systems/?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud) is our Nvidia TEE provider, and due to the power of enclave verification, we don't need to worry about who runs the GPUs. We know requests can't be inspected or tampered with. ### **End-to-End Encryption from Client to Enclave** Client-side Enclave Attestation from Maple AI Before login or data upload, the user/client verifies the **enclave attestation** from our platform. This process proves that the specific Nitro Enclave is genuine and runs the exact code we've published. You can check this out live on [Maple AI's attestation page](https://trymaple.ai/proof?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud). Based on the attestation, the client establishes a secure ephemeral communication channel that only that enclave can decrypt. While we take advantage of SSL, it is typically not terminated inside the enclave itself. To ensure there's full encrypted data transfer all the way through to the enclave, we establish this additional handshake based on the attestation document that is used for all API requests during the client session. From there, the user's credentials, private keys, and data pass through this secure channel directly into the enclave, where they are decrypted and processed according to the user's request. ### **In-Enclave Operations** At the core of OpenSecret's approach is the conviction that security-critical tasks must happen inside the enclave, where even administrative privileges or hypervisor-level compromise cannot expose plaintext data. This encompasses everything from when a user logs in to creating and managing sensitive cryptographic keys. By confining these operations to a protected hardware boundary, developers can focus on building their applications without worrying about accidental data leaks, insider threats, or malicious attempts to harvest credentials. The enclave becomes the ultimate gatekeeper: it controls how data flows and ensures that nothing escapes in plain form. User Auth Methods running inside Enclave A primary example is **user authentication**. All sign-in workflows, including email/password, OAuth, and upcoming passkey-based methods, are handled entirely within the enclave. As soon as a user's credentials enter our platform through the encrypted channel, they are routed straight into the protected environment, bypassing the host's operating system or any potential snooping channels. From there, authentication and session details remain in the enclave, ensuring that privileged outsiders cannot intercept or modify them. By centralizing these identity flows within a sealed environment, developers can assure their users that no one outside the enclave (including the cloud provider or the app's own sysadmins) can peek at, tamper with, or access sensitive login information. Main Enclave Operations in OpenSecret The same principle applies to **private key management**. Whether keys are created fresh in the enclave or securely transferred into it, they remain sealed away from the rest of the system. Operations like digital signing or content decryption happen only within the hardware boundary, so raw keys never appear in any log, file system, or memory space outside the enclave. Developers retain the functionality they need, such as verifying user actions, encrypting data, or enabling secure transactions without ever exposing keys to a broader (and more vulnerable) attack surface. User backup options exist as well, where the keys can be securely passed to the end user. Realtime Encrypted Data Sync on Multiple Devices Another crucial aspect is **data encryption at rest**. While user data ultimately needs to be stored somewhere outside the enclave, the unencrypted form of that data only exists transiently inside the protected environment. Encryption and decryption routines run within the enclave, which holds the encryption keys strictly in memory under hardware guards. If a user uploads data, it is promptly secured before it leaves the enclave. When data is retrieved, it remains encrypted until it reenters the protected region and is passed back to the user through the secured communication channel. This ensures that even if someone gains access to the underlying storage or intercepts data in transit, they will see only meaningless ciphertext. Confidential AI Workloads Finally, **confidential AI workloads** build upon this same pattern: the Nitro enclave re-encrypts data so it can be processed inside a GPU-based trusted execution environment (TEE) for inference or other advanced computations. Sensitive data, like user-generated text or private documents, never appears in the clear on the host or within GPU memory outside the TEE boundary. When an AI process finishes, only the results are returned to the enclave, which can then relay them securely to the requesting user. By seamlessly chaining enclaves together, from CPU-based Nitro Enclaves to GPU-accelerated TEEs, we can deliver robust, hardware-enforced privacy for virtually any type of server-side or AI-driven operation. ### **Reproducible Builds + Verification** Client verifies enclave attestation document We build our enclaves on **NixOS** with reproducible builds, ensuring that anyone can verify that the binary we publish is indeed the binary running in the enclave. This build process is essential for proving we haven't snuck in malicious code to exfiltrate data or collect sensitive logs. Our code is fully open source ([GitHub: OpenSecret](https://github.com/OpenSecretCloud/opensecret?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud)), so you can audit or run it yourself. You can also verify that the cryptographic measurement the build process outputs matches the measurement reported by the enclave during attestation. ## **Putting It All Together** OpenSecret Offering: Private Key Management, Encrypted Sync, Private AI, and Confidential Compute By weaving secure enclaves into every step, from authentication to data handling to AI inference, we shift the burden of trust away from human policies and onto provable, hardware-based protections. For app developers, you can offer your users robust privacy guarantees without rewriting all your business logic or building an entire security stack from scratch. Whether you're storing user credentials or running complex operations on sensitive data, the enclave approach ensures plaintext remains inaccessible to even the most privileged parties outside the enclave boundary. Developers can focus on building great apps, while OpenSecret handles the cryptographic "lock and key" behind the scenes. This model provides a secure-by-design environment for industries that demand strict data confidentiality, such as healthcare, fintech, cryptocurrency apps for secure key management, or decentralized identity platforms. Instead of worrying about memory dumps or backend tampering, you can trust that once data enters the enclave, it's sealed off from unauthorized eyes, including from the app developers themselves. And these safeguards don't just apply to niche use cases. Even general-purpose applications that handle login flows and user-generated content stand to benefit, especially as regulatory scrutiny grows around data privacy and insider threats. Imagine a telehealth startup using OpenSecret enclaves to protect patient information for remote consultations. Not only would patient data remain encrypted at rest, but any AI-driven analytics to assist with diagnoses could be run privately within the enclave, ensuring no one outside the hardware boundary can peek at sensitive health records. A fintech company could similarly isolate confidential financial transactions, preventing even privileged insiders from viewing or tampering with raw transaction details. These real-world implementations give developers a clear path to adopting enclaves for serious privacy and compliance needs without overhauling their infrastructure. OpenSecret aims to be a **full developer platform** with end-to-end security from day one. By incorporating user authentication, data storage, and GPU-based confidential AI into a single service, we eliminate many of the traditional hurdles in adopting enclaves. No more juggling separate tools for cryptographic key management, compliance controls, and runtime privacy. Instead, you get a unified stack that keeps data encrypted in transit, at rest, and in use. Our solution also caters to the exploding demand for AI applications: with TEE-enabled GPU workloads, you can securely process sensitive data for text inference without ever exposing raw plaintext or sensitive documents to the host system. The result is a new generation of apps that deliver advanced functionality, like real-time encrypted data sync or AI-driven insights, while preserving user privacy and meeting strict regulatory requirements. You don't have to rely on empty "trust us" promises because hardware enclaves, remote attestation, and reproducible builds collectively guarantee the code is running untampered. In short, OpenSecret offers the building blocks needed to create truly confidential services and experiences, allowing you to innovate while ensuring data protection remains ironclad. ## **Things to Come** We're excited to build on our enclaved approach. Here's what's on our roadmap: • **Production Launch**: We're using this in production now with [Maple AI](https://trymaple.ai/?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud) and have a developer preview playground up and running. We'll have the developer environment ready for production in a few months.\ • **Multi-Tenant Support**: Our platform currently works for single tenants, but we're opening this up so developers can onboard without needing a dedicated instance.\ • **Self-Serve Frontend**: A dev-friendly portal for provisioning apps, connecting OAuth or email providers, and managing users.\ • **External Key Signing Options**: Integrations with custom hardware security modules (HSMs) or customer-ran key managers that can only process data upon verifying the enclave attestation.\ • **Confidential Computing as a Service**: We'll expand our platform so that other developers can quickly create enclaves for specialized workloads without dealing with the complexities of Nitro or GPU TEEs.\ • **Additional SDKs**: In addition to our [JavaScript client-side SDK](https://github.com/OpenSecretCloud/OpenSecret-SDK?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud), we plan to launch official support for Rust, Python, Swift, Java, Go, and more.\ • **AI API Proxy with Attestation/Encryption**: We already provide an easy way to [access a Private AI through Maple AI](https://trymaple.ai/?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud), but we'd like to open this up more for existing tools and developers. We'll provide a proxy server that users can run on their local machines or servers that properly handle encryption to our OpenAI-compatible API. ## **Getting Started** Ready to see enclaves in action? Here's how to dive in:\ 1. **Run OpenSecret**: Check out our open-source repository at [OpenSecret on GitHub](https://github.com/OpenSecretCloud/opensecret?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud). You can run your own enclaved environment or try it out locally with Docker.\ 2. **Review Our SDK**: Our [JavaScript client SDK](https://github.com/OpenSecretCloud/OpenSecret-SDK?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud) makes it easy to handle sign-ins, put/get encrypted data, sign with user private keys, etc. It handles attestation verification and encryption under the hood, making the API integration seamless.\ 3. **Play with Maple AI**: Try out [Maple AI](https://blog.opensecret.cloud/maple-ai-private-encrypted-chat/) as an example of an AI app built directly on OpenSecret. Your queries are encrypted end to end, and the Llama model sees them only inside the TEE.\ 4. **Developer Preview**: Contact us if you want an invite to our early dev platform. We'll guide you through our SDK and give you access to the preview server. We'd love to build with you and incorporate your feedback as we develop this further. ## **Conclusion** By merging secure enclaves (AWS Nitro and Nvidia GPU TEEs), user authentication, private key management, and an end-to-end verifiable encrypted approach, **OpenSecret** provides a powerful platform where we protect user data during collection, storage, and processing. Whether it's for standard user management, handling private cryptographic keys, or powering AI inference, the technology ensures that **no one**, not even us or the cloud provider, can snoop on data in use. **We believe** this is the future of trustworthy computing in the cloud. And it's **all open source**, so you don't have to just take our word for it: you can see and verify everything yourself. Do you have questions, feedback, or a use case you'd like to test out? Come join us on [GitHub](https://github.com/OpenSecretCloud?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud), [Discord](https://discord.gg/ch2gjZAMGy?ref=blog.opensecret.cloud), or email us for a developer preview. We can't wait to see what you build! *Thank you for reading, and welcome to the era of enclaved computing.*

@ df173277:4ec96708

> Maple is an AI chat tool that allows you to have private conversations with a general-purpose AI assistant. Chats are synced automatically between devices so you can pick up where you left off.\ > [Start chatting for free.](https://trymaple.ai/) We are excited to announce that [Maple AI](https://trymaple.ai/), our groundbreaking end-to-end encrypted AI chat app built on OpenSecret, is now publicly available. After months of beta testing, we are thrilled to bring this innovative technology to the world. Maple is an AI chat tool that allows you to have private conversations with a general-purpose AI assistant. It can boost your productivity on work tasks such as writing documentation, creating presentations, and drafting emails. You can also use it for personal items like brainstorming ideas, sorting out life's challenges, and tutoring you on difficult coursework. All your chats are synced automatically in a secure way, so you can start on one device and pick up where you left off on another. #### Why Secure and Private AI? In today's digital landscape, it is increasingly evident that security and privacy are essential for individuals and organizations alike. Unfortunately, the current state of AI tools falls short. A staggering 48% of organizations enter non-public company information into AI apps, according to a [recent report by Cisco](https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/about/trust-center/data-privacy-benchmark-study.html#~key-findings). This practice poses significant risks to company security and intellectual property. Another concern is for journalists, who often work with sensitive information in hostile environments. Journalists need verification that their information remains confidential and protected when researching topics and communicating with sources in various languages. They are left to use underpowered local AI or input their data into potentially compromised cloud services. At OpenSecret, we believe it is possible to have both the benefits of AI and the assurance of security and privacy. That's why we created Maple, an app that combines AI productivity with the protection of end-to-end encryption. Our platform ensures that your conversations with AI remain confidential, even from us. The power of the cloud meets the privacy of local. #### How Does It Work? Our server code is [open source](https://github.com/OpenSecretCloud/opensecret), and we use confidential computing to provide cryptographic proof that the code running on our servers is the same as the open-source code available for review. This process allows you to verify that your conversations are handled securely and privately without relying on trust. We live by the principle of "Don't trust, verify," and we believe this approach is essential for building in the digital age. You can read a more in-depth write-up on our technology later this week on this site. #### How Much Does It Cost? We are committed to making Maple AI accessible to everyone, so we offer a range of pricing plans to suit different needs and budgets. [Our Free plan allows for 10 chats per week, while our Starter plan ($5.99/month) and Pro plan ($20/month)](https://trymaple.ai/pricing) offer more comprehensive solutions for individuals and organizations with heavier workloads. We accept credit cards and Bitcoin (10% discount), allowing you to choose your preferred payment method. - Free: $0 - Starter: $5.99/month - Pro: $20/month Our goal with Maple AI is to create a product that is secure through transparency. By combining open-source code, cryptography, and confidential computing, we can create a new standard for AI conversations - one that prioritizes your security and privacy. Maple has quickly become a daily tool of productivity for our own work and those of our beta testers. We believe it will bring value to you as well. [Sign up now and start chatting privately with AI for free.](https://trymaple.ai/) Your secrets are safe in the open. #### Are You An App Developer? You can build an app like Maple. [OpenSecret provides secure auth, private key management, encrypted data sync, private AI, and more.](https://blog.opensecret.cloud/introducing-opensecret/) Our straightforward API behaves like other backends but automatically adds security and privacy. Use it to secure existing apps or brand-new projects. Protect yourself and your users from the liability of hosting personal data by checking out [OpenSecret](https://opensecret.cloud/). <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/feb746d5e164e89f0d015646286b88237dce4158f8985e3caaf7e427cebde608.png"> Enjoy private AI Chat 🤘 <img src="https://blossom.primal.net/0594ec56e249de2754ea7dfc225a7ebd46bc298b5af168279ce71f17c2afada0.jpg">

@ df173277:4ec96708

> Maple AI combines the best of both worlds – encryption and personal AI – to create a truly private AI experience. Discuss personal and company items with Maple, we can't read them even if we wanted to.\ > [Join the waitlist to get early access.](https://trymaple.ai) We are a culture of app users. Every day, we give our personal information to websites and apps, hoping they are safe. Location data, eating habits, financial details, and health information are just a few examples of what we entrust to third parties. People are now entering a new era of computing that promises next-level benefits when given even more personal data: AI. Should we sacrifice our privacy to unlock the productivity gains of AI? Should we hope our information won't be used in ways we disagree? We believe we can have the best of both worlds – privacy and personal AI – and have built a new project called Maple AI. Chat between you and an AI with full end-to-end encryption. We believe it's a game-changer for individuals seeking private and secure conversations. #### Building a Private Foundation Maple is built on our flagship product, [OpenSecret](https://opensecret.cloud), a backend platform for app developers that turns private encryption on by default. [The announcement post for OpenSecret explains our vision for an encrypted world and what the platform can do.](nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzphchxfm3ste32hfhkvczzxapme9gz5qvqtget6tylyd7wa8vjecgqqe5jmn5wfhkgatrd9hxwt20wpjku5m9vdex2apdw35x2tt9de3hy7tsw3jkgttzv93kketwvskhgur5w9nx5h52tpj) We think both users and developers benefit when sensitive personal information is encrypted in a private vault; it's a win-win. #### The Power of Encrypted AI Chat AI chat is a personal and intimate experience. It's a place to share your thoughts, feelings, and desires without fear of judgment. The more you share with an AI chatbot, the more powerful it becomes. It can offer personalized insights, suggestions, and guidance tailored to your unique needs and perspectives. However, this intimacy requires trust, and that's where traditional AI chatbots often fall short. Traditional AI chats are designed to collect and analyze your data, often without your explicit consent. This data is used to improve the AI's performance, but it also creates a treasure trove of sensitive information that can be mined, sold, or even exploited by malicious actors. Maple AI takes a different approach. By using end-to-end encryption, we ensure that your conversations remain private and secure, even from us. #### Technical Overview So, how does Maple AI achieve this level of privacy and security? Here are some key technical aspects: - **Private Key:** Each user has a unique private key that is automatically managed for them. This key encrypts and decrypts conversations, ensuring that only the user can access their data. - **Secure Servers:** Our servers are designed with security in mind. We use secure enclaves to protect sensitive data and ensure that even our own team can't access your conversations. - **Encrypted Sync:** One of Maple's most significant benefits is its encrypted sync feature. Unlike traditional AI chatbots, which store conversations in local storage or on standard cloud servers, Maple syncs your chats across all your devices. The private key managed by our secure servers means you can pick up where you left off on any device without worrying about your data being compromised. - **Attestation and Open Code:** We publish our enclave code publicly. Using a process called attestation, users can verify that the code running on the enclave is the same as the code audited by the public. - **Open Source LLM:** Maple uses major open-source models to maximize the openness of responses. The chat box does not filter what you can talk about. This transparency ensures that our AI is trustworthy and unbiased. #### Personal and Work Use Maple is secure enough to handle your personal questions and work tasks. Because we can't see what you chat about, you are free to use AI as an assistant on sensitive company items. Use it for small tasks like writing an important email or large tasks like developing your organization's strategy. Feed it sensitive information; it's just you and AI in the room. Attestation provides cryptographic proof that your corporate secrets are safe. #### Local v Cloud Today's AI tools provide different levels of privacy. The main options are to trust a third party with your unencrypted data, hoping they don't do anything with it, or run your own AI locally on an underpowered machine. We created a third option. Maple gives you the power of cloud computing combined with the privacy and security of a machine running on your desk. It's the best of both worlds. #### Why the Maple name? Privacy isn't just a human value - it's a natural one exemplified by the Maple tree. These organisms communicate with each other through a network of underground fungal hyphae, sending messages and sharing resources in a way that's completely invisible to organisms above ground. This discreet communication system allows Maple trees to thrive in even the most challenging environments. Our goal is to provide a way for everyone to communicate with AI securely so they can thrive in any environment. #### Join the Waitlist Maple AI will launch in early 2025 with free and paid plans. We can't wait to share it with the world. [Join our waitlist today to be among the first to experience the power of private AI chat.](https://trymaple.ai) [](https://trymaple.ai/waitlist)

@ df173277:4ec96708

> OpenSecret is a backend for app developers that turns private encryption on by default. When sensitive data is readable only by the user, it protects both the user and the developer, creating a more free and open internet. We'll be launching in 2025. [Join our waitlist to get early access.](https://opensecret.cloud) In today's digital age, personal data is both an asset and a liability. With the rise of data breaches and cyber attacks, individuals and companies struggle to protect sensitive information. The consequences of a data breach can be devastating, resulting in financial losses, reputational damage, and compromised user trust. In 2023, the average data breach cost was $5 million, with some resulting in losses of over $1 billion. Meanwhile, individuals face problems related to identity theft, personal safety, and public embarrassment. Think about the apps on your phone, even the one you're using to read this. How much data have you trusted to other people, and how would it feel if that data were leaked online? Thankfully, some incredibly talented cypherpunks years ago gave the world cryptography. We can encrypt data, rendering it a secret between two people. So why then do we have data breaches? > Cryptography at scale is hard. #### The Cloud The cloud has revolutionized how we store and process data, but it has limitations. While cloud providers offer encryption, it mainly protects data in transit. Once data is stored in the cloud, it's often encrypted with a shared key, which can be accessed by employees, third-party vendors, or compromised by hackers. The solution is to generate a personal encryption password for each user, make sure they write it down, and, most importantly, hope they don't lose it. If the password is lost, the data is forever unreadable. That can be overwhelming, leading to low app usage. > Private key encryption needs a UX upgrade. ## Enter OpenSecret OpenSecret is a developer platform that enables encryption by default. Our platform provides a suite of security tools for app developers, including private key management, encrypted sync, private AI, and confidential compute. Every user has a private vault for their data, which means only they can read it. Developers are free to store less sensitive data in a shared manner because there is still a need to aggregate data across the system.  ### Private Key Management Private key management is the superpower that enables personal encryption per user. When each user has a unique private key, their data can be truly private. Typically, using a private key is a challenging experience for the user because they must write down a long autogenerated number or phrase of 12-24 words. If they lose it, their data is gone. OpenSecret uses secure enclaves to make private keys as easy as an everyday login experience that users are familiar with. Instead of managing a complicated key, the user logs in with an email address or a social media account. The developer doesn't have to manage private keys and can focus on the app's user experience. The user doesn't have to worry about losing a private key and can jump into using your app.  ### Encrypted Sync With user keys safely managed, we can synchronize user data to every device while maintaining privacy. The user does not need to do complicated things like scanning QR codes from one device to the next. Just log in and go. The user wins because the data is available on all their devices. The developer wins because only the user can read the data, so it isn't a liability to them. ### Private AI Artificial intelligence is here and making its way into everything. The true power of AI is unleashed when it can act on personal and company data. The current options are to run your own AI locally on an underpowered machine or to trust a third party with your data, hoping they don't read it or use it for anything. OpenSecret combines the power of cloud computing with the privacy and security of a machine running on your desk. **Check out Maple AI**\ Try private AI for yourself! We built an app built with this service called [Maple AI](https://trymaple.ai). It is an AI chat that is 100% private in a verifiable manner. Give it your innermost thoughts or embarrassing ideas; we can't judge you. We built Maple using OpenSecret, which means you have a private key that is automatically managed for you, and your chat history is synchronized to all your devices. [Learn more about Maple AI - Private chat in the announcement post.](https://blog.opensecret.cloud/maple-ai-private-encrypted-chat/)  ### Confidential Compute Confidential computing is a game-changer for data security. It's like the secure hardware that powers Apple Pay and Google Pay on your phone but in the cloud. Users can verify through a process called attestation that their data is handled appropriately. OpenSecret can help you run your own custom app backend code that would benefit from the security of an enclave. It's the new version of that lock on your web browser. When you see it, you know you're secure.  #### **But do we want our secrets to be open?** OpenSecret renders a data breach practically useless. If hackers get into the backend, they enter a virtual hallway of locked private vaults. The leaked data would be gibberish, a secret in the open that is unreadable. On the topic of openness, OpenSecret uses the power of open source to enable trust in the service. We publish our code in the open, and, using attestation, anyone can verify that private data is being handled as expected. This openness also provides developers with a backup option to safely and securely export their data. > Don't trust, verify. ### **Join the Movement** We're currently building out OpenSecret, and we invite you to join us on the journey. Our platform can work with your existing stack, and you can pick and choose the features you need. If you want to build apps with encryption enabled, [send us a message to get early access.](https://opensecret.cloud) Users and companies deserve better encryption and privacy.\ Together, let's make that a reality. [](https://opensecret.cloud)

@ c13fd381:b46236ea

Over the past few years, The School of Bitcoin (TSOBTC) has built a reputation as a decentralised, open-source educational initiative dedicated to financial sovereignty and digital literacy. Our faculty, contributors, and global community have worked tirelessly to create resources that embody the Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS) ethos, ensuring that knowledge remains accessible to all. As part of our commitment to maintaining an open and transparent model, we are excited to announce that The School of Bitcoin is officially migrating to Consensus21.School. This transition is not just a rebranding--it marks the consolidation of all our initiatives, projects, and educational resources under the Consensus21.School banner. The School of Bitcoin will no longer exist as a separate entity. This move comes as a response to growing confusion between our initiative and another entity operating under the domain schoolofbitcoin (SOB), which has taken a direction that does not align with our open-source philosophy. To reaffirm our dedication to FOSS and community-driven education, we are bringing everything--our courses, programs, and collaborations--into a singular, more focused ecosystem at Consensus21.School. What Does This Mean for Our Community? Rest assured, all the valuable content, courses, and educational materials that have been developed under TSOBTC will remain available. We continue to embrace a value-for-value model, ensuring that learners can access resources while supporting the ecosystem in a way that aligns with their means and values. By consolidating under Consensus21.School, we are doubling down on the principles of decentralisation, self-sovereignty, and permissionless learning. This transition includes all of our key initiatives, including V4V Open Lessons, the Decentralised Autonomous Education System (DAES), and our involvement with the Plan B Network. Full Migration of DAES and Plan B Network Collaboration As part of this transition, the Decentralised Autonomous Education System (DAES) is now officially part of Consensus21.School and is fully reflected in the Consensus21.School Whitepaper. DAES will continue to provide a platform for aspiring learners to submit their Bitcoin project ideas for potential funding and mentorship, with active engagement in our Stacker News /~Education territory and Signal chat for collaboration. We invite contributors to support our learner fund and help bring innovative ideas to fruition within this new ecosystem. Additionally, our collaboration with the Plan B Network will now operate under Consensus21.School. Through this partnership, we will continue teaching using the Plan B Network's curriculum to provide high-quality Bitcoin education and strengthen local Bitcoin communities. This global initiative remains a core part of our mission, now fully integrated within Consensus21.School. Looking Ahead With Consensus21.School, we will continue innovating in peer-to-peer learning, integrating cutting-edge developments in Bitcoin, Nostr, and decentralised technologies. We encourage our community to stay engaged, contribute, and help us build an even stronger foundation for the future of open education. This is more than just a domain change--it is the next evolution of our mission. The School of Bitcoin as an entity is now retired, and all our efforts, including DAES and the Plan B Network collaboration, will move forward exclusively under Consensus21.School. We invite educators, students, and enthusiasts to join us in shaping this next phase of open financial education. The journey continues, and we are thrilled to embark on this new chapter together

@ 77c2969e:a33cfa50

最近又开始折腾 Technitium DNS Server，发现[之前记录的过程]( https://wp.235421.xyz/2024/10/03/use-technitium-and-set-ipv6-dns/)不太完善，于是更新一下。 #### 安装acme.sh ``` curl https://get.acme.sh | sh -s email=youreMailAddress ``` #### 导入环境变量 ``` export CF_Token="填API token" export CF_Zone_ID="填区域ID" export CF_Account_ID="填账户ID" ``` - Cloudflare 的 API Token 是在 Cloudflare 网页右上角的👤头像--配置文件--API 令牌处创建 - 在 Cloudflare 主页点击你需要使用的域名，下滑到右下角可以看到区域 ID 和账户 ID ### 申请证书 ``` acme.sh --issue --dns dns_cf -d dns.235421.xyz ``` - `-d` 后面是你想使用的域名 #### 安装证书 ``` acme.sh --install-cert -d dns.235421.xyz \ --key-file /root/certs/key.pem \ --fullchain-file /root/certs/cert.pem \ --reloadcmd "cd /root/certs && openssl pkcs12 -export -out 'dns.pfx' -inkey 'key.pem' -in 'cert.pem' -password pass:1021" ``` - `reloadcmd`是在申请证书之后执行的代码，以后自动更新时也会自动执行这个代码，所以第一次配置好就基本上不用管了。 - `reloadcmd` 中的代码是将 `pem` 格式的证书和密钥转换成一个 `pfx` 格式的证书文件，`-out` 后面是输出的 `pfx` 证书文件名， `-inkey` 和 `-in` 分别是前一步 `acme.sh` 申请的密钥和证书文件。这里必须添加密码，也就是 `1021` 这个，如果不设密码执行命令的话，它会让你交互式输入，但是在自动脚本中就不行。我在前面加了先 `cd` 到证书目录，避免出现问题。 #### 安装 Technitium DNS Server 1. 在[Technitium DNS Server 官网]( https://technitium.com/dns/) 获取安装脚本，也有提供 Docker 镜像以及 Windows 版本。  2. 安装后在 `公网IP:5380` 进入管理界面，首次进入需设置管理员密码，管理员账户默认是 `admin`。 3. 在 `Settings` – `optional protocols` 处开启 DNS over HTTPS ，`TLS Certificate File Path` 处填入转换好的 `pfx` 证书路径，`TLS Certificate Password` 处填你设定的密码，就是我的 `1021` 。   4. 现在打开你的域名，看到如图这样就说明设定成功了，然后在需要设置 DoH 的地方填入 ` https://yourdomain.com/dns-query`即可。  ---- 我在[之前的文章]( https://wp.235421.xyz/2024/10/03/use-technitium-and-set-ipv6-dns/)中使用的是 `DNS over HTTP` 并用 Nginx 反代来实现 `DNS over HTTPS` 的，现在直接用 DoH ，省去了配置 Nginx 的部分，只是多了一步证书格式转换，总体上更简单了。 ---- #### 我的设置 - 在`Settings` – `Recursion` 处打开 `Allow Recursion` 以允许递归解析。 - 在`Settings` – `Cache` 处将 `Cache Maximum Entries` 调大些，默认 10000 有点少了。 - 在`Settings` – `General` 处开启 `EDNS Client Subnet (ECS)` 。 - 在`Settings` – `Logging` 处开启 `Use Local Time`。 - 在`Apps` – `App Store` 中安装 `Query Logs (Sqlite)` 以便在 `Logs` – `Query Logs` 处查看 DNS 查询日志。 ##### 以下设置可选 - 在`Settings` – `General` 处开启 `Prefer IPv6` - 在`Settings` – `Web Service` 处为后台管理页面开启 HTTPS，可使用与 DoH 相同的域名和证书，仅端口不同，这个默认 HTTPS 端口是 `53443`。 - 在`Settings` – `Blocking` 处开启拦截功能（默认开启），下面 `Allow / Block List URLs` 可以配置规则，与 AdGuard Home 规则通用，白名单规则须在链接前加上英文叹号 `!`。也可以是本地规则，填路径即可。 - 在`Settings` – `Proxy & Forwarders` 处可以设置上游DNS `Forwarders` 。

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

„Ein Fundstück aus dem Internet – jemand fragt:\ „Wie fühlst du dich als Geimpfter, wenn du eine Maske tragen musst, um die Ungeimpften zu schützen?“ [https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/was-ist-passiert-ein-buch-von-michael-sailer](https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/was-ist-passiert-ein-buch-von-michael-sailer?color=ffd400) \ Jemand antwortet:\ „Wovor sollte ein Geimpfter einen Ungeimpften schützen?\ 1\. Der Geimpfte kann doch gar nicht krank werden, also auch niemanden anstecken, dachte ich?\ 2\. Wenn der Geimpfte doch krank werden und andere anstecken kann, wozu hat er sich dann impfen lassen?\ 3\. Und wozu sollte sich dann der Ungeimpfte impfen lassen?\ 4\. Und wozu sollte dann überhaupt einer der beiden eine Maske tragen?“\ Jemand antwortet:\ „Das ist pure Querdenkerei. Solche kruden Theorien können Menschenleben zerstören.“\ „Eine bessere Parabel auf den religiösen Charakter des aktuellen Wahns könnte ich mir nicht ausdenken“,\ schreibt der Münchner Kolumnist Michael Sailer in seinem Buch Was ist passiert – Notate aus den Zeiten von Lüge und Krieg, das Ende Februar erschienen ist. Als neugieriger und zwangsläufig teilnehmende Beobachter analysiert, kommentiert und hinterfragt der Autor die gesellschaftlichen Abgründe, die sich 2020 und 2021 vor unser aller Augen auftaten. Unser Autor Jonny Rieder hat es gelesen und eine Rezension verfasst. Sprecher: Ulrich Allroggen Bild: Radio München - Kunst: Isaac Cordal (Cement Eclipses)

@ c631e267:c2b78d3e

**Spanien bleibt einer der Vorreiter im europäischen Prozess der totalen Überwachung** per Digitalisierung. Seit Mittwoch ist dort der digitale Personalausweis verfügbar. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Regierungs-[App](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=es.gob.interior.policia.midni), die auf dem Smartphone installiert werden muss und in den Stores von Google und Apple zu finden ist. Per Dekret von Regierungschef Pedro Sánchez und Zustimmung des Ministerrats ist diese Maßnahme jetzt [in Kraft](https://archive.is/89H4i) getreten. **Mit den üblichen Argumenten der Vereinfachung,** des Komforts, der Effizienz und der Sicherheit preist das Innenministerium die «Innovation» an. Auch die Beteuerung, dass die digitale Variante parallel zum physischen Ausweis existieren wird und diesen nicht ersetzen soll, fehlt nicht. Während der ersten zwölf Monate wird «der Neue» noch nicht für alle Anwendungsfälle gültig sein, ab 2026 aber schon. **Dass die ganze Sache auch «Risiken und Nebenwirkungen» haben könnte,** wird in den Mainstream-Medien eher selten thematisiert. Bestenfalls wird der Aspekt der Datensicherheit angesprochen, allerdings in der Regel direkt mit dem Regierungsvokabular von den «maximalen Sicherheitsgarantien» abgehandelt. Dennoch gibt es einige weitere Aspekte, die Bürger mit etwas Sinn für Privatsphäre bedenken sollten. **Um sich die digitale Version des nationalen Ausweises besorgen zu können** (eine App mit dem Namen MiDNI), muss man sich vorab online [registrieren](https://www.midni.gob.es). Dabei wird die Identität des Bürgers mit seiner mobilen Telefonnummer verknüpft. Diese obligatorische fixe Verdrahtung kennen wir von diversen anderen Apps und Diensten. Gleichzeitig ist das die Basis für eine perfekte Lokalisierbarkeit der Person. **Für jeden Vorgang der Identifikation in der Praxis wird später** «eine Verbindung zu den Servern der Bundespolizei aufgebaut». Die Daten des Individuums werden «in Echtzeit» verifiziert und im Erfolgsfall von der Polizei signiert zurückgegeben. Das Ergebnis ist ein QR-Code mit zeitlich begrenzter Gültigkeit, der an Dritte weitergegeben werden kann. **Bei derartigen Szenarien sträuben sich einem halbwegs kritischen Staatsbürger die Nackenhaare.** Allein diese minimale Funktionsbeschreibung lässt die totale Überwachung erkennen, die damit ermöglicht wird. Jede Benutzung des Ausweises wird künftig registriert, hinterlässt also Spuren. Und was ist, wenn die Server der Polizei einmal kein grünes Licht geben? Das wäre spätestens dann ein Problem, wenn der digitale doch irgendwann der einzig gültige Ausweis ist: Dann haben wir den abschaltbaren Bürger. **Dieser neue Vorstoß der Regierung von Pedro Sánchez ist ein weiterer Schritt** in Richtung der [«totalen Digitalisierung»](https://archive.is/Gwc4B) des Landes, wie diese Politik in manchen Medien – nicht einmal kritisch, sondern sehr naiv – genannt wird. Ebenso verharmlosend wird auch erwähnt, dass sich das spanische Projekt des digitalen Ausweises nahtlos in die Initiativen der EU zu einer digitalen Identität für alle Bürger sowie des digitalen Euro einreiht. **In Zukunft könnte der neue Ausweis** «auch in andere staatliche und private digitale Plattformen integriert werden», wie das Medienportal *Cope* ganz richtig bemerkt. Das ist die Perspektive. *\[Titelbild:* *[Pixabay](https://pixabay.com/de/photos/liebe-love-herz-rose-bindung-3141742/)]* *Dazu passend:* [Nur Abschied vom Alleinfahren? Monströse spanische Überwachungsprojekte gemäß EU-Norm](https://pareto.space/a/naddr1qqxnzde5xg6r2wphxscryvpjqgs2jhrzgwzvvzgz42kfmef2kr7w8x573k4r62c5ydjh8gyn6dz4ytqrqsqqqa28fq5d4m) *** Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem [Pareto-Client](https://pareto.space/read) geschrieben und ist zuerst auf ***[Transition News](https://transition-news.org/spanien-erneut-europaisches-versuchslabor-der-digitale-ausweis-ist-da)*** erschienen.

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers! Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon! A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats. So stay a while and listen. 🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨 🚨Subscribe to the territory to ensure you never miss a post! 🚨 originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/933122

@ 0f9da413:01bd07d7

 หลังจากจบทริปเที่ยวพัทยาเรียบร้อยแล้วก็ได้เดินทางไปยังเกาะช้างโดยติดรถเจ้าหน้าที่ในที่ทำงานไปไปเกาะช้างครั้งแรกรู้สึกว่ามันไกลเหลือเกินไปค่อนข้างยากหากไม่มีรถส่วนตัว ถ้าให้ไปส่วนตัวก็คงต้องอยู่นานๆ หน่อยชักแบบอาทิตย์หนึ่ง ใช้ชีวิตแบบฝรั่งเที่ยวอยู่ง่ายๆ กินง่ายๆ จากที่ดูในแผนที่ btcmap แล้วพบว่าก็มีร้านที่ปักหมุดไว้อยู่ทั้งหมดสองร้านด้วยกันซึ่งระยะทางก็ค่อนข้างซันเหมือนกัน และมีเนินสูงต่ำสลับกันไป หากไม่มีรถส่วนตัวไปนี่ค่อนข้่างลำบากพอสมควร ต้องเช่ามอไซต์ไป อันนี้ก็เช่าไปเหมือนกัน โดยผมเช่ามอไซต์ 1 วันวันละ 200 บาท (แต่มัดจำ 3000 บาท) ก็เอาเรื่องเหมือนกัน และก็มาเริ่มต้นที่ร้านแรกเลยคือ --- ### **Mr. A Coffee**  ร้านอาหารสไตล์บ้านๆ ที่ขายอาหาร น้ำ เครื่องดื่ม มีทั้งอาหารไทยและอาหารฝรั่ง ส่วนตัวก็ขับรถมอไซต์มายังสถานที่แห่งนี้ทางเข้าไปยังร้านเป็นหมู่บ้านเล็กๆ ไม่มีถนนเข้า แต่มอไซต์เข้าไปได้พอสมควร ตอนนั้นค่อนข้างเย็นมากแล้ว ได้มาสั่งอาหารมาคือ ข้าวเหนียวมะม่วงกับน้ำแก้วมังกรปั่นแบบไม่หวาน (ทั้งๆที่ตัวเองก็จะเตรียมไปกินบุ๊ปเฟ่อีกหนึ่งชั่วโมงข้างหน้า 555) ก็ได้สั่งไปแล้วก็ถามว่ารับ bitcoin ไหมครับ เจ้าของร้านก็บอกว่า รับๆ ผมกับเจ้าของร้านก็ได้พูดคุยกันเกือบประมาณครึ่งชั่วโมง ซึ่งหากผมมาเร็วกว่านี้หน่อยก็คงได้คุยกันยาวๆ แล้วละ ซึ่งเป็นการคุยที่สนุกมากซึ่งตัวเจ้าของร้านเองก็ได้เล่าถึงเหตุผลที่รับ bitcoin เหมือนกันว่าช่วง โควิดตอนปี 2020 ที่ผ่านมา บนเกาะช้างไม่มีอะไรเลยชาวบ้านก็ต้องไปหารากไม้ หาเห็ดตามป่าเขากัน แต่พี่เจ้าของร้านได้รู้จักกับฝรั่งคนหนึ่งเขาช่วยเหลือพี่เจ้าของร้านด้วยการบริจาคบิทคอยให้ และคนนี้ก็เป็นคนสอนให้เขารับบิทคอยโดยใช้ WOS และเจ้าของร้านก็เล่าให้ผมฟังเพิ่มเติม ณ ปัจจุบันว่า คนเราเองก็ยังต้องมีสภาพคล่องในการใช้งานอยู่ ตั้งมีเงิน fiat ไว้ส่วนหนึ่ง ส่วนบิทคอยที่ได้เขาได้ก็เก็บไว้เพื่อสร้างเป็นทรัพย์สินในอนาคตที่หากมีปัญหาช่วงไหนก็นำมาขายได้ ก็แลก P2P โดยตรง ซึ่งผมค่อนข้างตกใจเพราะเขาเรียนรู้จากการรับบิทคอยโดยนักท่องเที่ยวชาวต่างชาติที่ชวนเขาให้รับ เผื่อว่าจะมีฝรั่งมาใช้งานบิทคอย ณ สถานที่ร้านแห่งนี้  กึมมิคที่หลายท่านอาจจะต้องลุ้นหน่อยว่าหากมีโอกาสได้ไปเที่ยวและแวะที่ร้าน ก็คงต้่องลุ้นว่าคุณจะได้จ่ายด้วย bitcoin ไหม หากวันนั้นเจ้าของร้านไม่อยากรับเพราะว่าโคต้ารับบิทคอยวันนั้นเต็มแล้ว ฮ่าๆ รูปแบบระบบวาสนาร้านสูญของคุณมิกตอนเมื่อก่อน (เหมือนกันเลย) จริงๆ แล้วหากมีเวลามากพอก็คงได้พูดคุยกับพี่เจ้าของร้านสนุกๆกันไป ผมชอบความเรียบง่ายของร้านพี่เขา และมีอาหารหลากหลายอย่างเต็มไปหมด อีกเรื่องอย่างข้าวเหนียวมะม่วง ผมยังจำได้ว่าเมื่อก่อนมีแต่ช่วงฤดูเดียวที่สามารถกินมะม่วงสุกได้ หรือ อาหารแบบข้าวเหนียวมะม่วง แต่ปัจจุบันคือถ้าจะกิน ข้าวเหนียวมะม่วงแล้ว สามารถสั่งกินได้ตลอดทั้งปีกันเลยซึ่งก็โอเครพอสมควร แบบอยากไปทะเลตอนหน้าฝนแล้วอยากกินข้าวเหนียวมะม่วงของหน้าร้อนแบบนี้  ท้ายสุดร้าน Mr. A Coffee เป็นร้านที่ถ้านั่งชิวๆ แบบฝรั่งก็สามารถอยู่ได้ยาวๆ เลยนะจิบกาแฟ ทำงาน WFH ล้่อมรอบโดยธรรมชาติ แต่เส้นทางมาที่ร้านก็ลำบากหน่อยเหมาะกับคนที่ local จริงๆ low time ระดับหนึ่ง ท้ายสุดผมเองก็แจกสติกเกอร์ของพี่แชมป์เอาไปให้เจ้าของร้านแจกกันต่อไป  งานนี้ทั้งข้าวเหนียวมะม่วงและน้ำแก้วมังกรปั่น เสีย sats ไปทั้งหมด 6,050 sats แต่สิ่งที่ได้คือการแลกเปลี่ยนมุมมองกับเจ้าของร้านกับจุดเริ่มต้นของการรับบิทคอยในพื้นที่เกาะช้างแห่งนี้ และหากมีโอกาสอาจจะไปพักอยู่แถวนั้นชักอาทิตย์และแวะมาอุดหนุนร้านนี้ตลอด เพราะวิวฝั่งใต้สุดของเกาะช้างก็ยังคงความสวยงามไม่แพ้กับฝั่งทิศตะวันตกที่ฝรั่งอยู่กัน แต่ฝั่งใต้โซนนี้ก็มีความที่เป็นบ้านไม้ เพิงง่ายๆ ที่ชาวต่างชาติชอบกันอยู่ :) Google-map: https://maps.app.goo.gl/b45JGeTzL6Lwwi9i9 BTC-map: https://btcmap.org/merchant/node:12416107504 --- ### **Koh Chang Wine Gallery **  และเราก็ย้อนกลับมาอีกร้านหนึ่งในวันถัดไปและเป็นวันที่จะต้องออกจากเกาะช้างเช่นเดียวกัน และผมก็ไม่พลาดร้าน Koh Chang Wine Gallery ตั้งอยู่ในโซนหมู่บ้านแหล่งท่องเที่ยวเส้นทางถนนทางตะวันตก ร้านนี้ไม่ได้มีป้ายรับบิทคอย แต่รับชำระด้วยบิทคอยซึ่งเป็นฝรั่งท่านหนึ่งที่คาดว่าน่าจะแต่งงานกับภรรยาคนไทย เป็นร้านสไตล์แบบฝรั่งเลย ผมเองก็สั่งสเต็กเนื้อไป และน้ำมะม่วงปั่น (ไม่รู้เวลาไปเกาะทีไรติดใจกับน้ำมะม่วงปั่น) อาจจะไม่ได้พูดคุยอะไรมากมายนัก แต่ก็หมดไป 32,620 sats เป็นร้านอาหารเช้าและอาหารแนวฝรั่งตรงๆ ถือว่าค่อนข้างอร่อยใช้ได้ดีเลยทีเดียว แต่หากจะจ่ายด้วยบิทคอยก็ต้องแจ้งก่อนนะว่าขอจ่ายด้วยบิทคอยก่อน เหมือนพี่ฝรั่งที่เขารับตอนนี้ก็รับแต่เฉพาะ bitcoin อย่างเดียวเมื่อก่อนรับ xrp กับ doge ด้วยแต่ผมเองเวลาคุยกับฝรั่งก็เหงื่อแตกเหมือนกัน (รึว่าเพราะมันร้อน บนเกาะก็อบอ้าวใช้ได้ 555+)    Google-map: https://maps.app.goo.gl/6QbNgRbiV5Uao2Xz8 BTC-map: https://btcmap.org/merchant/node:11461720813 --- เส้นทางไปร้านค่อนข้างง่ายติดถนนในหมู่บ้าน ซึ่งหากมายังเกาะช้างแล้วหากขึ้นฝั่งมาแล้วเลี้ยวขวาก็จะขับรถหรือนั่งรถมาเส้นถนนฝั่งตะวันตกของเกาะก็จะพบกับร้านนี้ก่อน อันนี้แล้วแต่ความสะดวกแต่ละท่านเลยครับหากได้มีโอกาสแวะมาเกาะช้างและอยากใช้จ่าย bitcoin เราก็มีทางเลือกร้านในสองสไตล์กันเลย แบบวิถีฝรั่งตอนเช้าก็ร้าน Koh Chang Wine Gallery หรือ แบบ Local ก็ Mr. A Coffee หรือไปทังคู่เลยจะดีมากแต่ต้องบ้าหน่อย เพราะเส้นทางไปก็ค่อนข้างลำบากพอควรเหมือนกัน หมายถึงมีภูเขาชันมีทางขึ้นลงหักศอกนิดหน่อยก็เท่านั้นเอง รวมๆ ทริปบนเกาะช้างนี้ก็หมดไปไม่เยอะมาก 38,670 sats ก็จะตัวลอยเบาๆ หน่อย (สำรวจเมื่อ มีนาคม 2025 อนาคตอาจจะมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงได้) สำหรับจากนี้จะเป็นการ ปสก. ส่วนตัวกับการใช้งาน Bitcoin Lightning ตามสถานที่ที่ได้เดินทาง Part 3 จะเป็นสถานที่ในพื้นที่หาดใหญ่ จังหวัดสงขลา และ เสริมประสบการณ์การเดินทางโดยรถไฟระยะเวลาเกือบ 18 ชั่วโมง พร้อมด้วยมิตรสหายในรังอย่างกัปตัน จะป่วนแค่ไหนก็รอติดตามกันครับ :)

@ d5c3d063:4d1159b3

### ทรัมป์ ขึ้นภาษีนำเข้า สิ่งที่คุณเห็น…กับสิ่งที่คุณมองไม่เห็น คุณ #เห็น แค่ฝั่งที่ดูดีในข่าวภาคค่ำ แต่คุณ #ไม่เห็น – คนทั้งประเทศ ต้องจ่ายของแพงขึ้น – ธุรกิจเล็ก ๆ ที่พึ่งการนำเข้า…ถูกบีบให้ตาย – ผู้บริโภคต้องเสียเงินมากขึ้น โดยไม่มีทางเลือก รัฐอ้างว่า *"ปกป้องประเทศ"* แต่จริง ๆ แล้วเขาแค่ โยนภาระให้คนส่วนใหญ่ เพื่ออุ้มผลประโยชน์บางกลุ่ม เหมือนที่ Bastiat เรียกว่า *“การปล้นที่ถูกกฎหมาย”* Hazlitt ขยายต่อใน Economics in One Lesson ว่า > เศรษฐศาสตร์ที่ดี ต้องมองให้พ้นจากผลเฉพาะหน้า > และมองให้เห็นผลกระทบต่อทุกคน ไม่ใช่แค่บางกลุ่ม เงินเฟ้อ คือการขโมยแบบเงียบ ๆ ภาษีศุลกากร คือการปล้นอย่างเปิดเผย วันนี้ #EIOL น่าจะถึงมือเพื่อนๆ หลายคนแล้ว เล่มนี้ไม่ต้องอ่านทีละบทก็ได้ ลองเปิดไปบทที่ 11 เลยแล้วจะเจอ**ค้อนปอน**สำหรับทุบมายาคดีทางเศรษฐกิจที่รัฐใช้กับเรามาทั้งชีวิต อ่าน #เศรษฐศาสตร์เล่มเดียวจบ แล้วคุณอาจไม่มีวันมอง “นโยบายเพื่อประชาชน” ได้เหมือนเดิมอีก เพราะบางที...สิ่งที่คุณไม่เคยเห็น อาจเป็นสิ่งที่คุณควรรู้(เห็น)ให้เร็วที่สุด #Siamstr

@ 378562cd:a6fc6773

Nostr is a decentralized, censorship-resistant social media protocol designed to give users control over online interactions without relying on central authorities. While its architecture offers notable advantages, it also introduces challenges, particularly concerning user anonymity, content moderation, and the dynamics of user influence.​ Anonymity and the Risk of Bullying Nostr's design allows users to create identities without traditional verification methods like email addresses or phone numbers. Instead, users generate a cryptographic key pair: a public key serving as their identifier and a private key for signing messages. This approach enhances privacy but can lead to the "online disinhibition effect," where individuals feel less accountable for their actions due to perceived anonymity. This phenomenon has been linked to increased instances of cyberbullying, as users may engage in behavior online that they would avoid in face-to-face interactions. ​ Influence Disparities Among Users In decentralized networks like Nostr, users with larger followings can have a more extensive reach, amplifying their messages across the network. This can create disparities where individuals with thousands of followers wield more influence than those with fewer connections. While this dynamic is not unique to Nostr, the protocol's structure may exacerbate the visibility gap between highly followed users and those with a smaller audience.​ Content Moderation and the Challenge of Deletion Due to Nostr's decentralized nature, content moderation and deletion present significant challenges. Removing content to multiple relays becomes complex once a user posts content to multiple relays, as each relay operates independently. Unlike centralized platforms where a post can be deleted universally, Nostr's architecture means that deleting a post from one relay doesn't ensure its removal from others. This persistence underscores the importance of thoughtful posting, as content may remain accessible indefinitely. ​ Mitigation Strategies and User Empowerment Despite these challenges, Nostr offers mechanisms to empower users to manage their experience. Clients can implement features allowing users to mute or block others, tailoring their interactions and content exposure. Additionally, some clients support user-led moderation, enabling individuals to label content as offensive or inappropriate, contributing to a community-driven approach to content management. ​ In summary, while Nostr's decentralized and anonymous framework promotes freedom and resistance to censorship, it also necessitates a proactive approach from users to navigate challenges related to anonymity, influence disparities, and content permanence. As the platform evolves, ongoing development and community engagement will be crucial in addressing these issues to foster a safe and equitable environment for all participants.

@ 3c7dc2c5:805642a8

## 🧠Quote(s) of the week: CBDC the digital euro - a centralized solution in search of a problem. While the ECB may see it as a way to 'modernize' finance, true innovation comes from empowering individuals, not consolidating control. CBDCs are just surveillance tools disguised as innovation. Bitcoin is the only true digital money—decentralized, scarce, and free. Stack sats, not CBDCs. ## 🧡Bitcoin news🧡 2025 https://i.ibb.co/vx988kT1/Gn-Ix-Dp-YWs-AASkiw.jpg On the 24th of March: ➡️The Pakistan central bank is exploring mining Bitcoin with excess electricity. ➡️'MicroStrategy just added another 7,000 Bitcoin to their treasury. They're now holding over 506,000 BTC ($44 billion). Look at the corporate Bitcoin ownership breakdown: - MicroStrategy: 506,000+ BTC - Marathon: ~46,000 BTC (10x smaller) - Riot: ~19,000 BTC (26x smaller) That acquisition curve has gone parabolic since Q4 2024. Strategy's buying pace now rivals what we're seeing from the Bitcoin ETFs, a single public company absorbing supply at an institutional scale. Clear institutional conviction signal here.' -Ecoinometrics ➡️SQUARE CEO JACK DORSEY: "Bitcoin will make the current financial system feel as irrelevant as the fax machine." On the 25th of March: ➡️'BITCOIN HASH-RIBBON FLASHES BUY SIGNAL  - This is one of the most reliable "buy" indicators.  - Significant price gains have followed 7 out of the last 7 times this indicator was triggered.' -Bitcoin Archive (foto) Bitcoin is always a buy. Just DCA. ➡️GameStop includes Bitcoin as a treasury reserve asset in its investment policy update. GameStop has $4.6 billion in cash to invest. ➡️Strategy’s sale of 8.5 million STRF shares closes today, unlocking $711 million in new capital to buy more Bitcoin. ➡️BBC News reports from a remote community of 15,000 people in the far north-western tip of Zambia relying on hydroelectric power, “The bitcoin mine now accounts for around 30% of the plant's revenue allowing them to keep the prices down for the local town” - Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cly4xe373p4o Gridless is doing a splendid job in Africa and showing through proof-of-work that if you aren't mining Bitcoin, you are wasting energy. It's time for such communities to appear more around the world. Daniel Batten: 'They couldn't resist zooming out and implying this is an outlier (it isn't, the majority of off-grid bitcoin mining operations are renewably powered). In doing so BBC made three factually incorrect statements at the end about Bitcoin mining straining grids (multiple peer-reviewed studies show the opposite is true), and "Greenidge gas power plant in New York which was renovated to mine bitcoin" (it didn't, it re-opened to supply power back to the grid), and stating that Bitcoin mining needs artificial govt incentives or rules to do the right thing (It doesn't, it's become 56.7% sustainably powered without any govt incentives) But let's shine the light on the positive - it has far fewer factually incorrect statements than previous reporting, and it is a step in the right direction in its gradual journey towards objective Bitcoin reporting for a media company that has until now only published negative news stories on Bitcoin.' ➡️Femke Halsema, Mayor of Amsterdam, wants a national ban on Bitcoin payments: "It undermines our civilization". I rather believe the opposite. Under Femke Halsema - Amsterdam - The number of civil servants increased by 50% (14K -> 20K) - Debt increased by 150% (4 billion -> approx. 10 billion) Despite high revenues, Amsterdam has to borrow nearly half a billion euros every year. Local taxes continue to rise, whether it's water authority taxes or property taxes (OZB). But, above all, you should be concerned about those 0.3% criminal Bitcoin / Crypto transactions (worldwide). The audacity. Even if the Netherlands were to legally ban Bitcoin payments, users could easily continue trading through foreign exchanges or peer-to-peer platforms. A ban might actually push Bitcoin usage further underground, making oversight of suspicious transactions worse rather than better. ➡️Mt. Gox moves 11.501 Bitcoin ($1B) for creditor repayment. ➡️BlackRock launched a European Bitcoin ETP today - Bloomberg ➡️North Carolina introduces a bill to invest 5% of state funds into Bitcoin. On the 26th of March: ➡️NYDIG just became a big Bitcoin miner. Crusoe, the first to scale Bitcoin mining off flared gas (~200MW worth, across 425 data centers) has sold its entire Bitcoin mining business to NYDIG. ➡️Metaplanet has raised ~$55.2m (¥8.28b) of equity capital through three trading days this week while partially deleveraging with the redemption of $23.3m (¥3.5b) of 0% ordinary bonds. ➡️GameStop can service a loan of up to $100 BILLION for 4.6 years with its existing $4.6b cash balance at 1% interest.  That's twice the amount of Bitcoin Michael Saylor's Strategy currently holds. ➡️New feature by Protonmail enables their 100 million users to send Bitcoin using their email addresses. ➡️The Blockchain Group confirms the acquisition of 580 BTC for ~€47.3 million, the holding of a total of 620 BTC, and a BTC Yield of 709.8% YTD. → Confirmation of the acquisition of 580 BTC for ~€47.3 million at ~€81,550 per bitcoin → Total group holdings of 620 BTC for ~€50.5 million at ~€81,480 per bitcoin → Adoption of ‘BTC Yield’, ‘BTC Gain’, and ‘BTC € Gain’ as KPIs, following the steps of Strategy and Metaplanet This is a major step in our Bitcoin Treasury Company strategy focused on increasing Bitcoin per share over time. Source: https://t.co/QDj61ZDe6O The Blockchain Group is Europe's First Bitcoin Treasury Company! On the 27th of March: ➡️'Bitcoin's 4-year Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) is at historic lows.' -Pierre Rochard ➡️Daniel Batten: Yet another paper on Bitcoin and energy TL:DR: "The opportunities offered by bitcoin mining in reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions and renewable energy transition are greater than generally assumed" The journal has a (high) impact factor of 7.1." Source: https://t.co/W3gytMgcpC ➡️A home miner with only 4 machines mined block 888737. https://i.ibb.co/7xm91R4t/Gn-Ef-H9y-Ws-AA4jkn.jpg Bitcoin proves anyone can participate and earn—true freedom! ➡️'Short-Term Holders have increased their Bitcoin holdings by 201,743 BTC to 5,750,076 BTC since January, remaining below previous cycle peaks. 200K BTC are currently held at an unrealized loss, representing about $17B.' -Bitcoin News ➡️Bitcoin mining hardware manufacturer Canaan signs a three-year colocation agreement with Mawson Infrastructure Group's Mawson Hosting LLC for facilities in Midland, Pennsylvania, and Edna, Texas. Most of the 4.7 EH/s hashrate is expected to be operational by Q2 2025. On the 28th of March: ➡️If Saylor had bet on ETH instead of Bitcoin, Strategy would be down $9 billion, instead of up $9 billion like they are today. ETHBTC made fresh lows 0.02210. Ether is down 74% against Bitcoin since switching from proof of work to proof of stake. Yikes! ➡️Representative introduces a strategic Bitcoin reserve bill in South Carolina. ➡️A Russian company built a Bitcoin mine in the Arctic. Set in the frozen city of Norilsk, the facility taps into cheap excess energy from one of the world's most isolated industrial hubs. ➡️The price of bitcoin has nearly followed the same phases of volatility for 15 years, according to Fidelity. https://i.ibb.co/LdQfrqG0/Gn-Ig-Skd-XMAAi-L3r.jpg another great chart: https://i.ibb.co/G4WmDjhd/Gn-JED1q-Xk-AAq-Kqk.jpg On the 29th of March: ➡️Public miner MARA with a $2B common stock offering to buy more Bitcoin. https://i.ibb.co/PZZxXJ37/Gn-Kj-Vqza-EAEUG-V.png ➡️California has officially included Bitcoin Rights protections in its newly proposed digital asset bill. If passed, it will guarantee the right to self-custody for nearly 40M residents and prohibit discrimination against Bitcoin use. ➡️The number of addresses with more than one Bitcoin has fallen below 1 million, standing today at 995,207. On the 31st of March: ➡️Larry Fink, Founder/CEO of BlackRock in his annual letter to shareholders: “If the U.S. doesn't get its debt under control, if deficits keep ballooning, America risks losing that position to digital assets like Bitcoin." https://www.blackrock.com/corporate/literature/presentation/larry-fink-annual-chairmans-letter.pdf ➡️Strategy has acquired 22,048 BTC for ~$1.92 billion at ~$86,969 per bitcoin and has achieved a BTC Yield of 11.0% YTD 2025. As of 3/30/2025, Strategy holds 528,185 $BTC acquired for ~$35.63 billion at ~$67,458 per bitcoin. ➡️ The Bitcoin Policy Institute releases a framework for the USA to buy $200 billion worth of #Bitcoin using Bit Bonds. ➡️Is Indonesia the next Bitcoin Country? Bitcoin Indonesia mapped out the entire Bitcoin ecosystem. A new map shows Bitcoin adoption EXPLODING across the Southeast Asian island nation of Indonesia. Check out all the communities, projects, and businesses embracing Bitcoin. The revolution is happening. https://i.ibb.co/cXL8mC0x/Gnbdg-Lub-IAAdwcb.jpg On the 1st of April: ➡️'Over 73,353 BTC were bought by corporations in Q1 2025. Only 40,500 BTC new Bitcoin was mined, but still no supply shock, for now... Which company do you want to see adopt BTC next?' Here is the breakdown by Alec: https://x.com/Alec_Bitcoin/status/1907062290345783723 ➡️After skeptics questioned Tether’s Bitcoin holdings, CEO Paolo Ardoino fired back, sharing the company’s BTC address with a confirmed balance of 92,646 BTC. On the same day Tether bought 8,888 Bitcoin worth $735 million as per on-chain data. They now hold over 100,000 BTC. ➡️'GameStop just raised $1.48B. They are expected to use that and possibly more of the now $6B+ on their balance sheet to buy Bitcoin. A master class on how to pivot from meme stock to capitalize on volatility in the ultimate store of value.' -James Lavish ➡️Texas' state house Democrats have proposed a bill that would authorize up to $250 million in state investment in Bitcoin and up to $10 million for each municipality and county. ➡️Human Rights Foundation donates 10 Bitcoins worth $830,000 to over 20 projects worldwide. Alex Gladstein: '1 billion sats gifted carefully to a variety of stellar organizations and individuals to support BTC privacy, decentralization, education, and p2p use, aimed at folks working under authoritarianism.' ## 💸Traditional Finance / Macro: On the 29th of March 👉🏽'From Wednesday to Friday, the S&P 500 lost -$100 billion PER trading hour for a total of -$2 TRILLION. Then, after the market closed on Friday, S&P 500 futures erased ANOTHER -$120 billion in minutes.' -TKL ## 🏦Banks:  👉🏽 no news ## 🌎Macro/Geopolitics: On the 24th of March: 👉🏽Financelot: 'This is fascinating. The Dow Jones to Gold Ratio is about to cross a level only seen 4 times in history. Every time it crossed this level it marked the beginning of an 18-month recession/depression. 1929, 1973, 2008 & 2025' I don't think we won't see a depression. History rhymes but doesn't always mean it will repeat, although human behavior stays the same. For now, it means the market is overvalued, gold is undervalued, or both. 👉🏽US household wealth is falling: US household equity wealth is set to drop a whopping -$3 trillion this quarter, the most since the 2022 bear market, according to BofA estimates. By comparison, equity holdings rose +$9 trillion in 2024 to a record $56 trillion. In other words, one-third of last year's gains have likely been wiped out due to the recent market pullback. Furthermore, the top 10% of the wealthiest Americans own 87% of US stocks. This, in turn, may negatively impact consumer spending as the top 10% reflect a record 50% of all consumer expenditures. Consumer spending is set to slow in Q2 2025.' -TKL 👉🏽Demolition of the Boiler House at Moorburg Power Plant in Hamburg. Germany is preparing for combat by dynamiting its own modern energy infrastructure down. This was the most advanced coal plant. 6 years old and cost three billion euros. The Netherlands is following a similar policy—they poured concrete into their gas drilling pipes. BowTiedMara on Twitter: "In 2022, a girl tied herself to the net at Roland Garros in protest, and she wore a T-shirt that said: "We have 1,028 days left." Today, the 27th of March, marks those 1,028 days, and nothing happened. Climate doomers are like Aztecs who think the sun stops unless they cut out some organs." 👉🏽Starting in April, the 66,000 employees of the European institutions will receive their seventh salary increase in just three years! Normally, this happens at most once per year. The President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, will see the largest increase, with her monthly salary rising to €34,800—an increase of €2,700—according to a report by the German newspaper Bild-Zeitung today. For the Dutch readers: https://ejbron.wordpress.com/2025/03/24/eu-bureaucraten-en-politici-krijgen-de-7e-salarisverhoging-sinds-2022/ They are compensating for the inflation they impose on the EU. Lucky them Fair to say we need a DOGE in Europe. On the 25th of March: 👉🏽Dutch minister announces a huge increase in excise duties of 25.8 cents on gasoline. On top of that, the price of gasoline will rise by an additional 7 cents due to the blending requirement and 11 cents due to the ETS-2 regulation. In a free market, prices would not be announced by politicians but would emerge through supply and demand. How I love the EU....although it is a bit more nuanced. The temporary discount is ending. Unless the parliament decides to extend it, the price of gasoline will rise. The Dutch government should simply spend less and abolish all taxes, excise duties, and levies on food, fuel, and energy. Never gonna happen though. 👉🏽"Shell will be thoroughly reviewing all its chemical divisions worldwide in the coming period. In Europe, this could lead to the partial or complete closure of various chemical branches." As mentioned multiple times last month, major industrial companies sounded the alarm. They warned that high energy costs in the Netherlands put their future at risk. Additionally, sustainability efforts and unclear government policies are challenging the sector. Frans Everts, President-Director of Shell Netherlands, warned that the entire industry could collapse. The Green Deal is moving full speed ahead—soon everyone will be relying on food banks… For the Dutch readers: https://nos.nl/artikel/2561036-shell-kijkt-naar-gedeeltelijke-sluiting-van-chemie-onderdelen On the 26th of March: 👉🏽EU countries will start using a digital driver’s license from 2030. This is the result of negotiations between the European Parliament and EU member states. In the Netherlands, the digital license will be valid for ten years and will be accessible via an app. And we all know which app that will be! The EU Digital Wallet must be filled, after all. Not just your driver’s license—everything will soon be linked to your digital identity. It’s all right there on the EU’s website, and it’s been planned for a long time. The COVID pass was already part of the rollout. The fact that they present these as separate steps just shows that they know people wouldn’t accept it if they were fully aware of what’s happening. On the 27th of March: 👉🏽Gold surpasses $3,100 for the first time in history. TKL: 'Gold prices have hit 50 all-time highs over the last 12 months, its best streak in 12 years. This is also the 3rd-longest streak on record after a historic run during the late 1970s. The 1970s came with a period of double-digit inflation, stagnant economic growth, and a high unemployment rate, also known as stagflation. As a result, gold prices recorded 4 consecutive yearly gains.' On the 31st of March for the first time, gold blasted through $100,000/kilogram. This time, gold prices have rallied 39% over the last 12 months, are up 16% year-to-date, and are on track for the 3rd annual positive performance.' 👉🏽NATO Secretary General Rutte insists there will be no normalization of relations with Russia for decades to come. On March 14, 2025, Bloomberg, Rutte says: "Once the war is over, relations with Russia will gradually be restored." On March 26, 2025, Rutte said: "There will be no normalization of relations with Russia for decades, even after the war is over." That is the Mark I know! "Mark Rutte, the long-serving Dutch Prime Minister, earned the nickname “Pinokkio” (Dutch for Pinocchio) primarily because of perceived dishonesty or evasiveness in political debates and scandals. While some still view Rutte as a pragmatic and stable leader, the nickname “Pinokkio” reflects a broader public sentiment of distrust, especially among those who felt betrayed by his communication style or decisions.” On the 28th of March: 👉🏽US consumers now expect 5.0%(!) inflation in the next twelve months. Inflation expectations have DOUBLED in just four months. That's huge! Long-term US inflation expectations have officially SURGED to 4.1%, the highest level since 1993. Tariff front-running has led to a $300+ BILLION trade deficit in 2 months, and consumer sentiment has collapsed. Atlanta Fed is now projecting that Q1 GDP will be -2.8%… a large contraction. It’s negative even “gold adjusted” 4 weeks ago it was +2.3% 8 weeks ago it was +3.9% Yikes! 👉🏽The State Department is officially shutting down USAID and has formally notified Congress of its closure. The remaining 900 employees are set to be terminated. 👉🏽Argentina’s Economy Grows 6.5% in January. Argentina’s Poverty Rate Drops from 52.9% to 38.1% in 15 Months Under Javier Milei 👉🏽Fix the money, fix the world: DOGE “There is actually really only ONE BANK ACCOUNT that's used to disperse ALL monies that go out of the federal government” “It's a big one — A couple of weeks ago it had $800 billion in it, it's the treasury general account” “We're serving 580+ agencies. And up until very recently, effectively they could say, make the payment and Treasury just sent it out as fast as possible. NO VERIFICATION” “There's a $500 billion of fraud every year. There are hundreds of billion dollars of improper payments and we can't pass an audit. The consolidated financial report is produced by treasury and we cannot pass an audit” Extremely fascinating interview by Bret Baier with the highly talented and competent DOGE team, which is rigorously streamlining the U.S. government bureaucracy. This work can only be done by competent (and motivated) outsiders with experience. Also urgently needed in the Netherlands, and in Europe. On the 29th of March: 👉🏽'US debt has been "limited" by the $36.104 trillion debt ceiling since January but the liabilities don't stop rising. As of today, US debt is now ~$37 trillion. Treasury has burned through $560BN of its cash balance in the past month. Just $280BN left.' -ZeroHedge On the 1st of April: In recent weeks, I have shared my opinion on the latest Dutch pension fund drama. This week: https://i.ibb.co/96ZhS0W/Gn-XEVQRXw-AM6b0-A.jpg APG and pension funds refused to invest in Dutch housing (for political reasons). This involved 25 billion euros. Currently we almost have a political scandal over a medal, but the fact that our pension system is being put at risk...no biggie!? For our own housing market? “Too political.” For war and Brussels' military ambitions? €100,000,000,000—no problem. They’re gambling with your pension while first-time buyers can’t afford a home and seniors struggle to make ends meet. Our money, their agenda. Got Bitcoin? I will end this Weekly Recap with a Stanley Druckenmiller quote: "My favorite quote of all time is maybe Mark Twain: "Put all your eggs in one basket and watch the basket carefully." "I tend to think that's what great investors do." I know what I do and have. Bitcoin! ## 🎁If you have made it this far I would like to give you a little gift: What Bitcoin Did: Peter Dunworth is the Director of a multi-family office and is the co-founder of The Bitcoin Adviser. In this episode, they discuss why Bitcoin is the only asset that can recapitalize the financial system, why Peter believes Bitcoin could become a $100 trillion asset within a decade, why credit markets are ultimately a collateral problem, and why financializing Bitcoin might be necessary to save Main Street from being collateral damage. They also get into Australia's property obsession, GameStop’s pivot to Bitcoin, the difference between Bitcoin derivatives and the asset itself, and MicroStrategy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bSprc0IAow Credit: I have used multiple sources! My savings account: Bitcoin The tool I recommend for setting up a Bitcoin savings plan: PocketBitcoin especially suited for beginners or people who want to invest in Bitcoin with an automated investment plan once a week or monthly. `Use the code SE3997` Get your Bitcoin out of exchanges. Save them on a hardware wallet, run your own node...be your own bank. Not your keys, not your coins. It's that simple. ⠀ ⠀ ⠀⠀ ⠀ ⠀⠀⠀ Do you think this post is helpful to you? If so, please share it and support my work with a zap. ▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃ ⭐ Many thanks⭐ Felipe - Bitcoin Friday! ▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃

@ ef53426a:7e988851

# Bartering and early money \ Early societies bartered goods, but transactions were often complicated. The value of goods doesn’t always align. Enter money. It’s used as an indirect exchange for any goods, so everyone wants it. Early money wasn’t anything like what we use today. For example, the inhabitants of Yap Island (Micronesia) used large Rai stones for trade. New stones were dragged up a hill for everyone to see. The owner would then exchange part of the stone for goods and services. As they were hard to quarry and move, Rai stones retained their value (salability). Then, an Irish-American captain started importing stones using modern technology. Soon enough, they became so common, they no longer worked as money. --- # Gold — the basis for sound money \ Smelting made it possible to create highly salable and transportable coins. Gold was best because it’s virtually impossible to destroy and can’t be synthesized using other materials. It has a fairly limited supply, which grows slowly and predictably (due to the difficulty of mining). Technologies like the telegraph and trains made it easier for both people and goods to get from point A to point B. That, in turn, justified forms of payment like checks, paper receipts, and bills. But paper is not worth much unless it’s backed by something. Governments worldwide issued paper money backed by precious metals, which they stored in vaults. By 1900, around 50 countries had adopted the Gold Standard. This was sound money. --- # Currencies devalued \ Roman emperor Julius Caesar issued the Aureus, an empire-standard coin containing 8 grams of gold. But as growth began to slow, rulers started ‘coin clipping’, reducing the quantity of precious metal in coins. This eventually triggered a series of economic crises that led to the downfall of the Roman Empire. The gold standard had one major flaw: it had to be stored in bank vaults. This created a highly centralized system in which governments controlled the value of paper money. If they wanted to, they could always increase the supply of money without increasing the corresponding amount of gold. In 1914, nearly every major European power decided to do this to fund their war operations. Rather than raising taxes, they simply printed new money with no extra gold. The standard had been abandoned. --- # Government-backed money \ Governments chose to introduce fiat money – currency backed by decree rather than gold. The adoption of the fiat system led to an age of unsound money shaped by ever-greater intervention in the economy as governments scrambled to stabilize their currencies. By 1944, the end of the Second World War was in sight, and the victors began planning the postwar economic order. The world’s currencies would be tied to the US dollar at a fixed exchange rate. The dollar would in turn be tied to the value of gold, again at a fixed rate. The United States bent the rules and inflated its own currency compared to gold. Other nations inflated their currencies compared to the dollar. On August 15, 1971, President Nixon announced that dollars would no longer be convertible to gold. --- # Sound money = functioning economy \ Sound money encourages people to save and invest, enabling sustainable, long-term growth. Why? Well, humans have a natural positive time preference: we prefer instant gratification over future gratification. Sound money prompts us to think more about the future. The more capital accumulation there is, the greater the chance of stable, long-term economic growth. Unsound money distorts capital accumulation. When governments interfere with the money supply, they also interfere with prices. And prices give investors the information they need to make good decisions without having to learn every tiny detail about global events. --- # Recessions and debt arise from unsound money \ Government interference takes the form of central planning. No single person, agency, or department ever has access to all the information necessary to understand the vast and complex economy. Interventions distort markets, creating boom and bust cycles. According to Keynes and his followers, the best way to respond to recessions is to increase spending. You could lower taxes, but people don’t usually spend their extra money. Raising taxes is unpopular, so governments invariably decide to increase the money supply. Saving becomes less attractive, creating a culture of unwise spending and growing debt. We need to return to sound money and a new gold standard. Enter bitcoin. --- # Bitcoin is scarce \ Bitcoin has similar traits to gold. Its supply is literally fixed. Once there are 21 million bitcoins in circulation, no more will be issued. The supply grows at a diminishing rate. Computers across the Bitcoin network pool their processing power to solve complex algorithmic problems. Once these puzzles have been cracked, the “miners” receive bitcoins as a reward. Satoshi Nakamoto designed the system to avoid gold rushes. The algorithmic problems become more difficult to solve as the number of computers working on them rises, guaranteeing a steady and reliable supply. Also, the number of bitcoins issued is halved every four years, resulting in ever-smaller releases until 2140, after which no more coins will be released. That makes bitcoin unique. It is the only good that is defined by absolute scarcity. No amount of time or resources can create more bitcoins than the programmed supply allows. The supply cannot be manipulated, making it a perfect store of value. --- # Bitcoin is secure \ The bitcoin ledger uses the public blockchain. When mining computers crack an algorithmic puzzle, they create a block. The blocks on the ledger contain details about every blockchain transaction ever completed. Every network user can view this information. Ownership of bitcoins is only valid once it’s been registered on the blockchain. This is only possible if the majority of network users approve it, so there’s no need for a central authority to oversee transactions. While verifying new blocks requires virtually no energy, creating a fraudulent block would cost a significant amount of processing power. Even if a user decided to expend vast amounts of energy and successfully hacked a majority of all network nodes to approve a fraudulent block, they’d gain very little. Trust in bitcoin would be lost, leading to a drop in demand and value. --- # Challenges for adoption \ Because bitcoin is new, demand has varied. The volatile price has, at times, undermined the currency’s status as an effective store of value. Bitcoin’s transaction limit is currently set at 500,000 per day. That could be increased, but there will always be a daily cap. The more transactions that take place, the more nodes there’ll need to be. This increases transaction fees and the amount of processing power expended. Bitcoin could be traded off the blockchain, meaning currencies will be backed by bitcoin. That would create a new standard, but it would also mean that new centralized institutions would need to manage this system. ---  This 5-minute summary did not use copyrighted material from the book. It aims simply to give readers a quick understanding of the book (which is well worth reading). ‘*The Bitcoin Standard: The Decentralized Alternative to Central Banking’* was written by economist Saifedean Ammous in 2018. Buy the book and many more titles at [bitcoinbook.shop](bitcoinbook.shop)

@ 5cf42f9d:4465eebf

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Trogir is a UNESCO-listed coastal town just 30 minutes from Split, known for its well-preserved medieval architecture, charming waterfront, and rich history. Often called "The Little Venice of Dalmatia," Trogir is built on a small island connected to the mainland and Čiovo Island by bridges. Its cobblestone streets, Renaissance palaces, and lively cafés** make it a perfect stop for history lovers and travelers seeking authentic Dalmatian charm.  ## **🏛️ Top Things to See & Do in Trogir** ### **1️⃣ Explore Trogir Old Town (UNESCO) 🏡** - Wander through the **labyrinth of narrow streets**, filled with **hidden courtyards and stone houses**. - Admire **Venetian-style palaces, Romanesque churches, and medieval city walls**. - Visit **St. Lawrence Cathedral**, featuring the **famous Radovan Portal**, a **masterpiece of medieval stone carving**. ### **2️⃣ Climb the Bell Tower of St. Lawrence ⛪** - Offers **stunning panoramic views** over Trogir and the Adriatic. - A bit of a **steep climb**, but **totally worth it** for the breathtaking scenery! ### **3️⃣ Visit Kamerlengo Fortress 🏰** - A **15th-century Venetian fortress** with **amazing sea views** from the top. - In summer, it hosts **concerts and cultural events**. ### **4️⃣ Stroll Along the Trogir Riva Promenade 🌊** - A lively waterfront filled with **cafés, restaurants, and luxury yachts**. - Perfect for a **relaxing evening walk** while watching the sunset.  ### **5️⃣ Relax on the Best Beaches Near Trogir 🏖️** - **Okrug Gornji Beach (Copacabana Beach)** – A long, lively beach with bars & water activities. - **Pantan Beach** – A quieter spot with **clear waters and pine tree shade**. - **Kava Beach (Čiovo Island)** – A more **secluded and natural** beach, ideal for relaxation. ### **6️⃣ Take a Boat Trip to the Blue Lagoon 🛥️** - A **stunning turquoise bay**, perfect for **swimming and snorkeling**. - Just **a short boat ride from Trogir**. ### **7️⃣ Try Dalmatian Cuisine 🍽️** - **Grilled fresh fish & seafood** – Trogir’s specialty! 🐟 - **Pašticada** – Slow-cooked beef in a rich red wine sauce, served with gnocchi. - **Homemade Dalmatian prosciutto & cheese** – Best paired with local **Plavac Mali wine**.  ## **🚗 How to Get to Trogir** ✈️ **By Air:** - **Split Airport (SPU)** is just **10 minutes away**! 🚕 🚘 **By Car:** - **From Split:** ~30 minutes (27 km) - **From Zadar:** ~1.5 hours (130 km) 🚌 **By Bus:** Frequent buses run between **Split and Trogir**. ⛵ **By Boat:** A **seasonal boat line** connects Trogir with Split and nearby islands.  ## **💡 Tips for Visiting Trogir** ✅ **Best time to visit?** **April–October** for sunny weather & fewer crowds ☀️ ✅ **Stay for sunset** – The views from the Riva & Kamerlengo Fortress are magical 🌅 ✅ **Wear comfy shoes** – The old town’s stone streets can be slippery 👟 ✅ **Book Blue Lagoon trips in advance** – It’s a popular excursion 🚤 ✅ **Try a wine tasting** at a local konoba (traditional tavern) 🍷 

@ cbaa0c82:e9313245

#TheWholeGrain - #March2025 March of 2025 was a standard month for Bread and Toast. However, it did include a the occasional five Sunday Singles which seems like hitting the jackpot! Talk about lucky! Included with the five Sunday Singles was two more pages of the Adventure Series: Questline where we saw Bread, Toast, and End-Piece face off against their first adversary! End-Piece made a first appearance for in Toast's Comic Collection under the title E: The Last Slice while the Concept Art piece was the original drawing of all three slices of bread together. And, last of all we updated the Bitcoin logo because why not!? **Sunday Singles - March 2025** 2025-03-02 | Sunday Single 82 Title: Slingshot! *Watch out! Toast is quite the sharpshooter!* https://i.nostr.build/zHA9C7cOOZLOCl0o.png 2025-03-09 | Sunday Single 83 Title: Puzzles *End-Piece just figured out the puzzle!* https://i.nostr.build/u2EBdcsuwO2xo23P.png 2025-03-16 | Sunday Single 84 Title: Basketball *Oh, the madness!* https://i.nostr.build/8F1OFFVra7zQOIy6.png 2025-03-23 | Sunday Single 85 Title: Coffee *The perfect way to start the day.* https://i.nostr.build/aiGZOvOmow3igru6.png 2025-03-30 | Sunday Single 86 Title: Origami *End-Piece has a way with paper.* https://i.nostr.build/0ySzGwF9QnZxwLxD.png **Adventure Series: Questline** The group is attacked by a crow with Bread being the target of the giant bird, but with a group of trusty friends any enemy can be defeated! Artist: Dakota Jernigan (The Bitcoin Painter) Writer: Daniel David (dan 🍞) 2025-03-11 | Questline 005 - Under Attack *Toast and End-Piece are able to escape the attack from the giant winged predator, but Bread being distracted by thoughts of the village is caught off guard. End-Piece immediately charges the attacker with a fury of mallet swings. Meanwhile, Toast loads up an arrow with intentions of piercing through the giant bird.* https://i.nostr.build/F24sd7SFFbsW9WZY.png 2025-03-25 | Questline 006 - A Finished Battle *End-Piece lands a series of blows to the winged beast. Toast finishes it off with a second arrow to the heart. Bread is only slightly injured, but is more upset about having been so vulnerable due to being so distracted. Moving forward Bread will have to be more vigilant.* https://i.nostr.build/n5a7Jztq9MHxuGNf.png **Other Content Released in March 2025** 2025-03-05 | Toast's Comic Collection Title: E: The Last Slice #11 *A gluten-based pandemic has killed off all slices of bread that are not Toast except for one slice of bread that happens to be an end piece.* https://i.nostr.build/aar20oHAAKmZOovD.png 2025-03-12 | Concept Art Title: Original Bread and Toast *This was the first drawing of all three characters together. It was used a lot for branding when the project first started up in 2023.* https://i.nostr.build/yqkmBuTiH8AKbCzI.png 2025-03-19 | Bitcoin Art Title: Bitcoin/Bread Block Height: 888566 *Two things that just go together.* https://i.nostr.build/MDPkzOPVEaOJVTFE.png Thanks for checking out the seventh issue of The Whole Grain. The Whole Grain is released on the first of every month and covers all of the content released by Bread and Toast in the previous month. For all Bread and Toast content visit BreadandToast.com! **So long, March!** ***Bread, Toast, and End-Piece*** #BreadandToast #SundaySingle #Questline #ToastsComicCollection #ConceptArt #BitcoinArt #Bread #Toast #EndPiece #Artstr #Comic #Cartoon #NostrOnly #🍞 #🖼️ ***List of nPubs Mentioned:*** The Bitcoin Painter: npub1tx5ccpregnm9afq0xaj42hh93xl4qd3lfa7u74v5cdvyhwcnlanqplhd8g dan 🍞: npub16e3vzr7dk2uepjcnl85nfare3kdapxge08gr42s99n9kg7xs8xhs90y9v6

@ ba36d0f7:cd802cba

## 1. **Essential Rules** ✔ Touch-Move: If you touch a piece, you must move it (if legal). ✔ Check Alert: Say "check" when attacking the enemy king (optional in tournaments). ✔ Checkmate Ends: The game stops immediately—no need to capture the king. ✔ Draw Offers: You can offer a draw after your move, before pressing the clock. ********************************************** ## 2. **Tournament Etiquette** - Handshake: Before and after the game. - Silence: No talking during play (except "check" or "draw?"). - Clock: Press with the same hand that moved. - Resignation: Tip over your king or say "I resign" (don’t just leave). ********************************************** ## 3. **Online Chess Manners** No Stalling: Let the timer run out only if you’ve truly lost. GG Message: Say "Good game" (or "GG") after playing. Avoid "Berserking": Don’t abuse speed settings to rush opponents. > **Common Faux Pas** ❌ Jangling pieces to distract. ❌ Glaring at your opponent’s board. ❌ Cheating (using engines, peeking at other games).

@ 17538dc2:71ed77c4

The MacOS security update summary is a reminder that laptops and desktops are incredibly compromised. ### macOS Sequoia 15.4 Released March 31, 2025 Accessibility Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: A logging issue was addressed with improved data redaction. CVE-2025-24202: Zhongcheng Li from IES Red Team of ByteDance AccountPolicy Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to gain root privileges Description: This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. CVE-2025-24234: an anonymous researcher AirDrop Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to read arbitrary file metadata Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24097: Ron Masas of BREAKPOINT.SH App Store Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to access private information Description: This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. CVE-2025-24276: an anonymous researcher AppleMobileFileIntegrity Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24272: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) AppleMobileFileIntegrity Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access protected user data Description: A downgrade issue was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions. CVE-2025-24239: Wojciech Regula of SecuRing (wojciechregula.blog) AppleMobileFileIntegrity Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to read or write to protected files Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24233: Claudio Bozzato and Francesco Benvenuto of Cisco Talos. AppleMobileFileIntegrity Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access user-sensitive data Description: A privacy issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. CVE-2025-30443: Bohdan Stasiuk (@bohdan_stasiuk) Audio Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing a maliciously crafted font may result in the disclosure of process memory Description: The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24244: Hossein Lotfi (@hosselot) of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative Audio Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to arbitrary code execution Description: The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24243: Hossein Lotfi (@hosselot) of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative Authentication Services Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Password autofill may fill in passwords after failing authentication Description: This issue was addressed through improved state management. CVE-2025-30430: Dominik Rath Authentication Services Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious website may be able to claim WebAuthn credentials from another website that shares a registrable suffix Description: The issue was addressed with improved input validation. CVE-2025-24180: Martin Kreichgauer of Google Chrome Authentication Services Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to access a user's saved passwords Description: This issue was addressed by adding a delay between verification code attempts. CVE-2025-24245: Ian Mckay (@iann0036) Automator Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access protected user data Description: A permissions issue was addressed by removing vulnerable code and adding additional checks. CVE-2025-30460: an anonymous researcher BiometricKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination Description: A buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking. CVE-2025-24237: Yutong Xiu Calendar Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to break out of its sandbox Description: A path handling issue was addressed with improved validation. CVE-2025-30429: Denis Tokarev (@illusionofcha0s) Calendar Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to break out of its sandbox Description: This issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24212: Denis Tokarev (@illusionofcha0s) CloudKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to access private information Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24215: Kirin (@Pwnrin) CoreAudio Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Parsing a file may lead to an unexpected app termination Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24163: Google Threat Analysis Group CoreAudio Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Playing a malicious audio file may lead to an unexpected app termination Description: An out-of-bounds read issue was addressed with improved input validation. CVE-2025-24230: Hossein Lotfi (@hosselot) of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative CoreMedia Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing a maliciously crafted video file may lead to unexpected app termination or corrupt process memory Description: This issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24211: Hossein Lotfi (@hosselot) of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative CoreMedia Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: An access issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. CVE-2025-24236: Csaba Fitzl (@theevilbit) and Nolan Astrein of Kandji CoreMedia Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing a maliciously crafted video file may lead to unexpected app termination or corrupt process memory Description: The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24190: Hossein Lotfi (@hosselot) of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative CoreMedia Playback Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to access private information Description: A path handling issue was addressed with improved validation. CVE-2025-30454: pattern-f (@pattern_F_) CoreServices Description: This issue was addressed through improved state management. CVE-2025-31191: Jonathan Bar Or (@yo_yo_yo_jbo) of Microsoft, and an anonymous researcher Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data CoreText Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing a maliciously crafted font may result in the disclosure of process memory Description: An out-of-bounds read issue was addressed with improved input validation. CVE-2025-24182: Hossein Lotfi (@hosselot) of Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative Crash Reporter Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to gain root privileges Description: A parsing issue in the handling of directory paths was addressed with improved path validation. CVE-2025-24277: Csaba Fitzl (@theevilbit) of Kandji and Gergely Kalman (@gergely_kalman), and an anonymous researcher curl Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An input validation issue was addressed Description: This is a vulnerability in open source code and Apple Software is among the affected projects. The CVE-ID was assigned by a third party. Learn more about the issue and CVE-ID at cve.org. CVE-2024-9681 Disk Images Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to break out of its sandbox Description: A file access issue was addressed with improved input validation. CVE-2025-24255: an anonymous researcher DiskArbitration Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to gain root privileges Description: A parsing issue in the handling of directory paths was addressed with improved path validation. CVE-2025-30456: Gergely Kalman (@gergely_kalman) DiskArbitration Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to gain root privileges Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24267: an anonymous researcher Dock Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to access private information Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-30455: Mickey Jin (@patch1t), and an anonymous researcher Dock Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. CVE-2025-31187: Rodolphe BRUNETTI (@eisw0lf) of Lupus Nova dyld Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Apps that appear to use App Sandbox may be able to launch without restrictions Description: A library injection issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-30462: Pietro Francesco Tirenna, Davide Silvetti, Abdel Adim Oisfi of Shielder (shielder.com) FaceTime Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: This issue was addressed with improved redaction of sensitive information. CVE-2025-30451: Kirin (@Pwnrin) and luckyu (@uuulucky) FeedbackLogger Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: This issue was addressed with improved data protection. CVE-2025-24281: Rodolphe BRUNETTI (@eisw0lf) Focus Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An attacker with physical access to a locked device may be able to view sensitive user information Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-30439: Andr.Ess Focus Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: A logging issue was addressed with improved data redaction. CVE-2025-24283: Kirin (@Pwnrin) Foundation Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access protected user data Description: An access issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions on the system pasteboards. CVE-2025-30461: an anonymous researcher Foundation Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: The issue was resolved by sanitizing logging CVE-2025-30447: LFY@secsys from Fudan University Foundation Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause a denial-of-service Description: An uncontrolled format string issue was addressed with improved input validation. CVE-2025-24199: Manuel Fernandez (Stackhopper Security) GPU Drivers Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination or corrupt kernel memory Description: An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. CVE-2025-30464: ABC Research s.r.o. CVE-2025-24273: Wang Yu of Cyberserval GPU Drivers Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to disclose kernel memory Description: The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. CVE-2025-24256: Anonymous working with Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative, Murray Mike Handoff Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: The issue was addressed with improved restriction of data container access. CVE-2025-30463: mzzzz__ ImageIO Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Parsing an image may lead to disclosure of user information Description: A logic error was addressed with improved error handling. CVE-2025-24210: Anonymous working with Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative Installer Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to check the existence of an arbitrary path on the file system Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. CVE-2025-24249: YingQi Shi(@Mas0nShi) of DBAppSecurity's WeBin lab and Minghao Lin (@Y1nKoc) Installer Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A sandboxed app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24229: an anonymous researcher IOGPUFamily Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination or write kernel memory Description: An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. CVE-2025-24257: Wang Yu of Cyberserval IOMobileFrameBuffer Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to corrupt coprocessor memory Description: The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. CVE-2025-30437: Ye Zhang (@VAR10CK) of Baidu Security Kerberos Helper Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A remote attacker may be able to cause unexpected app termination or heap corruption Description: A memory initialization issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24235: Dave G. Kernel Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access protected user data Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24204: Koh M. Nakagawa (@tsunek0h) of FFRI Security, Inc. Kernel Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24203: Ian Beer of Google Project Zero Kernel Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An attacker with user privileges may be able to read kernel memory Description: A type confusion issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24196: Joseph Ravichandran (@0xjprx) of MIT CSAIL LaunchServices Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious JAR file may bypass Gatekeeper checks Description: This issue was addressed with improved handling of executable types. CVE-2025-24148: Kenneth Chew libarchive Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An input validation issue was addressed Description: This is a vulnerability in open source code and Apple Software is among the affected projects. The CVE-ID was assigned by a third party. Learn more about the issue and CVE-ID at cve.org. CVE-2024-48958 Libinfo Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A user may be able to elevate privileges Description: An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. CVE-2025-24195: Paweł Płatek (Trail of Bits) libnetcore Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing maliciously crafted web content may result in the disclosure of process memory Description: A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24194: an anonymous researcher libxml2 Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Parsing a file may lead to an unexpected app termination Description: This is a vulnerability in open source code and Apple Software is among the affected projects. The CVE-ID was assigned by a third party. Learn more about the issue and CVE-ID at cve.org. CVE-2025-27113 CVE-2024-56171 libxpc Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to break out of its sandbox Description: This issue was addressed through improved state management. CVE-2025-24178: an anonymous researcher libxpc Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to delete files for which it does not have permission Description: This issue was addressed with improved handling of symlinks. CVE-2025-31182: Alex Radocea and Dave G. of Supernetworks, 风沐云烟(@binary_fmyy) and Minghao Lin(@Y1nKoc) libxpc Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to gain elevated privileges Description: A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24238: an anonymous researcher Mail Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: "Block All Remote Content" may not apply for all mail previews Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. CVE-2025-24172: an anonymous researcher manpages Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: This issue was addressed with improved validation of symlinks. CVE-2025-30450: Pwn2car Maps Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to read sensitive location information Description: A path handling issue was addressed with improved logic. CVE-2025-30470: LFY@secsys from Fudan University NetworkExtension Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to enumerate a user's installed apps Description: This issue was addressed with additional entitlement checks. CVE-2025-30426: Jimmy Notes Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A sandboxed app may be able to access sensitive user data in system logs Description: A privacy issue was addressed with improved private data redaction for log entries. CVE-2025-24262: LFY@secsys from Fudan University NSDocument Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to access arbitrary files Description: This issue was addressed through improved state management. CVE-2025-24232: an anonymous researcher OpenSSH Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access user-sensitive data Description: An injection issue was addressed with improved validation. CVE-2025-24246: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) PackageKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24261: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) PackageKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24164: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) PackageKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app with root privileges may be able to modify the contents of system files Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-30446: Pedro Tôrres (@t0rr3sp3dr0) Parental Controls Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to retrieve Safari bookmarks without an entitlement check Description: This issue was addressed with additional entitlement checks. CVE-2025-24259: Noah Gregory (wts.dev) Photos Storage Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Deleting a conversation in Messages may expose user contact information in system logging Description: A logging issue was addressed with improved data redaction. CVE-2025-30424: an anonymous researcher Power Services Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to break out of its sandbox Description: This issue was addressed with additional entitlement checks. CVE-2025-24173: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) Python Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A remote attacker may be able to bypass sender policy checks and deliver malicious content via email Description: This is a vulnerability in open source code and Apple Software is among the affected projects. The CVE-ID was assigned by a third party. Learn more about the issue and CVE-ID at cve.org. CVE-2023-27043 RPAC Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: The issue was addressed with improved validation of environment variables. CVE-2025-24191: Claudio Bozzato and Francesco Benvenuto of Cisco Talos Safari Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Visiting a malicious website may lead to user interface spoofing Description: The issue was addressed with improved UI. CVE-2025-24113: @RenwaX23 Safari Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-30467: @RenwaX23 Safari Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A website may be able to access sensor information without user consent Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-31192: Jaydev Ahire Safari Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A download's origin may be incorrectly associated Description: This issue was addressed through improved state management. CVE-2025-24167: Syarif Muhammad Sajjad Sandbox Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access removable volumes without user consent Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24093: Yiğit Can YILMAZ (@yilmazcanyigit) Sandbox Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An input validation issue was addressed Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-30452: an anonymous researcher Sandbox Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access protected user data Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24181: Arsenii Kostromin (0x3c3e) SceneKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to read files outside of its sandbox Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-30458: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) Security Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A remote user may be able to cause a denial-of-service Description: A validation issue was addressed with improved logic. CVE-2025-30471: Bing Shi, Wenchao Li, Xiaolong Bai of Alibaba Group, Luyi Xing of Indiana University Bloomington Security Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app acting as a HTTPS proxy could get access to sensitive user data Description: This issue was addressed with improved access restrictions. CVE-2025-24250: Wojciech Regula of SecuRing (wojciechregula.blog) Share Sheet Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to dismiss the system notification on the Lock Screen that a recording was started Description: This issue was addressed with improved access restrictions. CVE-2025-30438: Halle Winkler, Politepix theoffcuts.org Shortcuts Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A shortcut may be able to access files that are normally inaccessible to the Shortcuts app Description: A permissions issue was addressed with improved validation. CVE-2025-30465: an anonymous researcher Shortcuts Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access user-sensitive data Description: An access issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. CVE-2025-24280: Kirin (@Pwnrin) Shortcuts Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A Shortcut may run with admin privileges without authentication Description: An authentication issue was addressed with improved state management. CVE-2025-31194: Dolf Hoegaerts Shortcuts Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A shortcut may be able to access files that are normally inaccessible to the Shortcuts app Description: This issue was addressed with improved access restrictions. CVE-2025-30433: Andrew James Gonzalez Siri Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: The issue was addressed with improved restriction of data container access. CVE-2025-31183: Kirin (@Pwnrin), Bohdan Stasiuk (@bohdan_stasiuk) Siri Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A sandboxed app may be able to access sensitive user data in system logs Description: This issue was addressed with improved redaction of sensitive information. CVE-2025-30435: K宝 (@Pwnrin) and luckyu (@uuulucky) Siri Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: This issue was addressed with improved redaction of sensitive information. CVE-2025-24217: Kirin (@Pwnrin) Siri Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access sensitive user data Description: A privacy issue was addressed by not logging contents of text fields. CVE-2025-24214: Kirin (@Pwnrin) Siri Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to enumerate devices that have signed into the user's Apple Account Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24248: Minghao Lin (@Y1nKoc) and Tong Liu@Lyutoon_ and 风(binary_fmyy) and F00L Siri Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access user-sensitive data Description: An authorization issue was addressed with improved state management. CVE-2025-24205: YingQi Shi(@Mas0nShi) of DBAppSecurity's WeBin lab and Minghao Lin (@Y1nKoc) Siri Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An attacker with physical access may be able to use Siri to access sensitive user data Description: This issue was addressed by restricting options offered on a locked device. CVE-2025-24198: Richard Hyunho Im (@richeeta) with routezero.security SMB Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination Description: The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24269: Alex Radocea of Supernetworks SMB Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Mounting a maliciously crafted SMB network share may lead to system termination Description: A race condition was addressed with improved locking. CVE-2025-30444: Dave G. SMB Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges Description: A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24228: Joseph Ravichandran (@0xjprx) of MIT CSAIL smbx Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An attacker in a privileged position may be able to perform a denial-of-service Description: The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24260: zbleet of QI-ANXIN TianGong Team Software Update Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: A library injection issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24282: Claudio Bozzato and Francesco Benvenuto of Cisco Talos Software Update Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A user may be able to elevate privileges Description: This issue was addressed with improved validation of symlinks. CVE-2025-24254: Arsenii Kostromin (0x3c3e) Software Update Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system Description: The issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24231: Claudio Bozzato and Francesco Benvenuto of Cisco Talos StickerKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to observe unprotected user data Description: A privacy issue was addressed by moving sensitive data to a protected location. CVE-2025-24263: Cristian Dinca of "Tudor Vianu" National High School of Computer Science, Romania Storage Management Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to enable iCloud storage features without user consent Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24207: YingQi Shi (@Mas0nShi) of DBAppSecurity's WeBin lab, 风沐云烟 (binary_fmyy) and Minghao Lin (@Y1nKoc) StorageKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to gain root privileges Description: A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-30449: Arsenii Kostromin (0x3c3e), and an anonymous researcher StorageKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access protected user data Description: This issue was addressed with improved handling of symlinks. CVE-2025-24253: Mickey Jin (@patch1t), Csaba Fitzl (@theevilbit) of Kandji StorageKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access user-sensitive data Description: A race condition was addressed with additional validation. CVE-2025-24240: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) StorageKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to bypass Privacy preferences Description: A race condition was addressed with additional validation. CVE-2025-31188: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) Summarization Services Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access information about a user's contacts Description: A privacy issue was addressed with improved private data redaction for log entries. CVE-2025-24218: Kirin and FlowerCode, Bohdan Stasiuk (@bohdan_stasiuk) System Settings Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access protected user data Description: This issue was addressed with improved validation of symlinks. CVE-2025-24278: Zhongquan Li (@Guluisacat) System Settings Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app with root privileges may be able to access private information Description: This issue was addressed with improved handling of symlinks. CVE-2025-24242: Koh M. Nakagawa (@tsunek0h) of FFRI Security, Inc. SystemMigration Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious app may be able to create symlinks to protected regions of the disk Description: This issue was addressed with improved validation of symlinks. CVE-2025-30457: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) Voice Control Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to access contacts Description: This issue was addressed with improved file handling. CVE-2025-24279: Mickey Jin (@patch1t) Web Extensions Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may gain unauthorized access to Local Network Description: This issue was addressed with improved permissions checking. CVE-2025-31184: Alexander Heinrich (@Sn0wfreeze), SEEMOO, TU Darmstadt & Mathy Vanhoef (@vanhoefm) and Jeroen Robben (@RobbenJeroen), DistriNet, KU Leuven Web Extensions Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Visiting a website may leak sensitive data Description: A script imports issue was addressed with improved isolation. CVE-2025-24192: Vsevolod Kokorin (Slonser) of Solidlab WebKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected Safari crash Description: The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. WebKit Bugzilla: 285892 CVE-2025-24264: Gary Kwong, and an anonymous researcher WebKit Bugzilla: 284055 CVE-2025-24216: Paul Bakker of ParagonERP WebKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A type confusion issue could lead to memory corruption Description: This issue was addressed with improved handling of floats. WebKit Bugzilla: 286694 CVE-2025-24213: Google V8 Security Team WebKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected process crash Description: A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling. WebKit Bugzilla: 286462 CVE-2025-24209: Francisco Alonso (@revskills), and an anonymous researcher WebKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected Safari crash Description: A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management. WebKit Bugzilla: 285643 CVE-2025-30427: rheza (@ginggilBesel) WebKit Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: A malicious website may be able to track users in Safari private browsing mode Description: This issue was addressed through improved state management. WebKit Bugzilla: 286580 CVE-2025-30425: an anonymous researcher WindowServer Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An attacker may be able to cause unexpected app termination Description: A type confusion issue was addressed with improved checks. CVE-2025-24247: PixiePoint Security WindowServer Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to trick a user into copying sensitive data to the pasteboard Description: A configuration issue was addressed with additional restrictions. CVE-2025-24241: Andreas Hegenberg (folivora.AI GmbH) Xsan Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination Description: A buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking. CVE-2025-24266: an anonymous researcher Xsan Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination Description: An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved bounds checking. CVE-2025-24265: an anonymous researcher Xsan Available for: macOS Sequoia Impact: An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination or corrupt kernel memory Description: A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling. CVE-2025-24157: an anonymous researcher

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

I was reading this passage last night: > …from that time when one came to a grain heap of twenty measures, there would be only ten; and when one came to the wine vat to draw fifty measures, there would be only twenty. I smote you and every work of your hands with blasting wind, mildew and hail; **yet you did not come back to Me**,’ declares the Lord. ‘Do consider from this day onward, from the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month; from the day when the temple of the Lord was founded, consider: Is the seed still in the barn? Even including the vine, the fig tree, the pomegranate and the olive tree, it has not borne fruit. **Yet from this day on I will bless you**.’ ” (Haggai 2:16-19) {emphasis mine} Why were bad things happening to the Israelites? Because they were not following God. Why did God allow these difficult situations to occur? Because God was calling them back to Himself. This made me think of several times lately, when I had written about Christians going through hard times, that fellow believers had tried to kindly correct me implying that God would not allow these painful things to happen to believers. They were trying to defend God’s honor, but instead they were degrading God. If God is not in control of everything, then either God is unable to protect His own from harm because of sin or bad things happened accidentally and God ignored the injustice. Saying God was not in control of allowing every hardship is either saying God isn’t strong enough, isn’t smart enough, or isn’t loving enough. The God I serve is omniscient, omnipotent, omnipresent, and love incarnate. He also didn’t promise us easy, pleasant lives, but did promise that good would come out of every situation. > And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose. (Romans 8:28) When Jesus walked on earth and some people said they wanted to follow Him, His response was not what we would expect: > And He was saying to them all, “**If anyone wishes to come after Me, he must deny himself, and take up his cross daily and follow Me**. For whoever wishes to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake, he is the one who will save it. For what is a man profited if he gains the whole world, and loses or forfeits himself? For whoever is ashamed of Me and My words, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when He comes in His glory, and the glory of the Father and of the holy angels. (Luke 9:23-26) {emphasis mine} When one particular man said that he would follow Jesus anywhere, Jesus responded this way. > As they were going along the road, someone said to Him, “I will follow You wherever You go.” And Jesus said to him, “**The foxes have holes and the birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay His head**.” (Luke 9:57-58) {emphasis mine} Jesus was brutally honest that following Him would not be easy or comfortable. Following Jesus is more likely to lead to hardship and persecution that prosperity and comfort. > “Then **they will deliver you to tribulation, and will kill you, and you will be hated by all nations because of My name**. At that time many will fall away and will betray one another and hate one another. Many false prophets will arise and will mislead many. Because lawlessness is increased, most people’s love will grow cold. But **the one who endures to the end, he will be saved**. This gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all the nations, and then the end will come. (Matthew 24:9-14) {emphasis mine} Of course God isn’t putting us through hardship to torture us. He is putting us in situations to grow our faith and dependence on Him, i.e. Abraham. He is putting us in situations where we can minister to others, i.e. Joseph. He is using us as examples of faith to others, i.e. Job. Any hardship has an eternal purpose. Sometimes we can see it (at least eventually) if we are looking for God’s will and plan. Sometime we won’t see what He was accomplishing until we get to heaven. Still we need to trust God through it all, knowing His plan is perfect. > “**For my thoughts are not your thoughts,\ > neither are your ways my ways**,”\ > declares the Lord. > > “As the heavens are higher than the earth,\ > so are **my ways higher than your ways**\ > and my thoughts than your thoughts. > > As the rain and the snow\ > come down from heaven,\ > and do not return to it\ > without watering the earth\ > and making it bud and flourish,\ > so that it yields seed for the sower and bread for the eater,\ > so is **my word that goes out from my mouth:\ > It will not return to me empty,\ > but will accomplish what I desire\ > and achieve the purpose for which I sent it**. (Isaiah 55:8-11) {emphasis mine} God understands how hard it is to understand what He is accomplishing. We live in the here and now while He is outside time and space and therefore has a heavenly and eternal perspective that we will never truly have this side of heaven. He has told us how the story ends, so that we can have peace and trust Him through whatever circumstances He has blessed us. > Jesus answered them, “Do you now believe? Behold, an hour is coming, and has already come, for you to be scattered, each to his own home, and to leave Me alone; and yet I am not alone, because the Father is with Me. **These things I have spoken to you, so that in Me you may have peace. In the world you have tribulation, but take courage; I have overcome the world**.” (John 16:31-33) {emphasis mine} In fact, Jesus made this so clear that His disciples rejoiced in persecution they received due to obeying Him and sharing His word. > They took his advice; and after calling the apostles in, they flogged them and ordered them not to speak in the name of Jesus, and *then* released them. So they went on their way from the presence of the Council, **rejoicing that they had been considered worthy to suffer shame for *His* name**. (Acts 5:40-41) {emphasis mine} Peter specifically warns believers to expect trials and hardship. > Dear friends, **do not be surprised at the fiery ordeal that has come on you to test you, as though something strange were happening to you**. But rejoice inasmuch as you participate in the sufferings of Christ, so that you may be overjoyed when his glory is revealed. **If you are insulted because of the name of Christ, you are blessed**, for the Spirit of glory and of God rests on you. If you suffer, it should not be as a murderer or thief or any other kind of criminal, or even as a meddler. However, **if you suffer as a Christian, do not be ashamed, but praise God** that you bear that name. For it is time for judgment to begin with God’s household; and if it begins with us, what will the outcome be for those who do not obey the gospel of God? And, > > “If it is hard for the righteous to be saved,\ > what will become of the ungodly and the sinner?” > > So then, those who suffer according to God’s will should commit themselves to their faithful Creator and continue to do good. (1 Peter 4:12-19) {emphasis mine} Paul writes about begging God to take away a health issue. Eventually he accepted it as part of God’s plan for his life and boasted gladly in his hardship. > …Therefore, in order **to keep me from becoming conceited, I was given a thorn** in my flesh, a messenger of Satan, to torment me. Three times **I pleaded with the Lord to take it away from me. But he said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you**, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” Therefore **I will boast all the more gladly about my weaknesses, so that Christ’s power may rest on me**. That is why, for Christ’s sake, I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in hardships, in persecutions, in difficulties. For when I am weak, then I am strong. (2 Corinthians 12:7b-10) {emphasis mine} No matter what hardships we experience in life, whether poverty or persecution or poor health or loss of a loved one or any other hardship, God is with us working everything for our good. > Who will separate us from the love of Christ? Will tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword? Just as it is written, > > “For Your sake we are being put to death all day long;\ > We were considered as sheep to be slaughtered.” > ****But in all these things we overwhelmingly conquer through Him who loved us**. For I am convinced that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor things to come, nor powers, nor height, nor depth, nor any other created thing, will be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. (Romans 8:35-39) {emphasis mine} I like to look at the story of Joseph as an example of God’s extraordinary plan in the life of a faithful believer. Joseph trusted and honored God. God had a plan for Joseph to be used to save the lives of his family and the people of the Middle East from famine, but God didn’t just instantly put Joseph in a position of power to help. He prepared Joseph and slowly moved him to where he needed to be. First Josephs brothers wanted to kill him out of jealousy, but God used greed to get them to sell Joseph as a slave instead. He orchestrated the right slave traders to walk by at the right time so that Joseph would wind up in the house of Potiphar, the Pharaoh’s guard. Then when Joseph acted honorably towards God, his master, and his master’s wife, Joseph was sent to jail for years. I’m sure Joseph was wondering why God would send him to prison for doing what was right, but it put him into the presence of the cupbearer of Pharaoh. A long time after correctly interpreting the cup bearer’s dream, Joseph was called up to interpret Pharaoh’s dream, put in charge of the famine preparation and became second in command after Pharaoh. Joseph, after years of slavery and jail time, was now the second most powerful man in the Middle East, if not the world. God had a plan, but it was hard to see until its completion. In the same way, Job lost his wealth, his children, his health, and his reputation, but remember that Satan had to get God’s permission before anything could be done to hurt Job. So many people today are blessed by seeing Job’s response to hardship and loss, by seeing Job’s faith, his struggle, and his submission to God’s plan. In this case God even gives Job more after this time of testing than he had before. When we experience hardship we need to know that God has a plan for our life. It may be something amazing here on Earth. It may be souls won for Christ. It may be to prepare us for heaven. Whatever the case, it is for our good. We don’t need to be ashamed that God would allow hardship. We grow most when we experience hardship. Our light shines brightest in darkness. > Oh, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God!\ > How unsearchable his judgments,\ > and his paths beyond tracing out!\ > “Who has known the mind of the Lord?\ > Or who has been his counselor?”\ > “Who has ever given to God,\ > that God should repay them?”\ > For from him and through him and for him are all things.\ > To him be the glory forever! Amen. (Romans 11:33-36) Trust Jesus

@ f3873798:24b3f2f3

O Bitcoin e as criptomoedas surgiram como uma alternativa descentralizada ao sistema financeiro tradicional. No entanto, no Brasil, o **Sistema Financeiro Nacional (SFN)** tem adotado medidas para controlar e limitar a exposição de investidores e instituições a esses ativos. Neste artigo, exploraremos as principais resoluções e regulamentações que restringem o investimento em Bitcoin no país. ## **O Posicionamento do Banco Central do Brasil (Bacen)**  O Banco Central do Brasil (Bacen) e outros órgãos reguladores, como a **Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM)**, têm adotado uma postura cautelosa em relação às criptomoedas. ### **Resolução Bacen nº 4.753/2021** - Proíbe que instituições financeiras ofereçam serviços de criptomoedas em suas carteiras sem autorização prévia. - Restringe bancos e corretoras de operarem diretamente com criptoativos, limitando sua integração ao sistema financeiro tradicional. ### **Comunicado do Bacen sobre Riscos das Criptomoedas** - O Bacen já emitiu alertas sobre os riscos de volatilidade, fraudes e falta de garantias em investimentos em Bitcoin. - Recomenda que investidores tratem criptomoedas como ativos de alto risco. --- ## A CVM e as Restrições a Fundos de Investimento em Bitcoin A **CVM** tem sido mais restritiva que o Bacen em relação a produtos financeiros baseados em criptomoedas. ### **Deliberação CVM nº 175/2022** - Proíbe fundos de investimento no exterior (FIE) de alocarem mais de **10% do patrimônio** em criptomoedas. - Impede que fundos multimercados brasileiros tenham exposição direta a Bitcoin e outras criptomoedas. ### **Instrução CVM nº 555/2021** - Estabelece que **ETFs de Bitcoin** não podem ser comercializados no Brasil sem aprovação expressa da CVM. - Até hoje, nenhum ETF de criptomoeda foi aprovado no país. --- ## **Tributação e Controles da Receita Federal** Além das restrições do Bacen e da CVM, a **Receita Federal** impõe regras rígidas para transações em Bitcoin: ### **Instrução Normativa RFB nº 1.888/2019** - Obriga declaração de todas as operações em criptomoedas acima de **R$ 35 mil** por mês. - Tributa ganhos de capital em criptomoedas em **15% a 22,5%**, dependendo do valor. --- ## **O Bitcoin Sob Vigilância do SFN** O Sistema Financeiro Nacional tem adotado medidas para **limitar a adoção em massa do Bitcoin**, seja por meio de regulamentações rígidas, restrições a fundos ou alertas sobre riscos. Enquanto o mercado de criptomoedas cresce globalmente, no Brasil ainda há um **cenário de cautela e controle**, com o SFN buscando evitar que criptomoedas desafiem a hegemonia do sistema financeiro tradicional.

@ 06639a38:655f8f71

You can follow the work in progress here in this pull request [https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/pull/68](https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/pull/68) on Github. Before my 3-month break (Dec/Jan/Feb) working on Nostr-PHP I started with the NIP-19 integration in October '24. Encoding and decoding the simple prefixes (`npub`, `nsec` and `note`) was already done in the first commits. Learn more about NIP-19 here: [https://nips.nostr.com/19](https://nips.nostr.com/19)  ### **TLV's** Things were getting more complicated with the other prefixes / identifiers defined in NIP-19: * `nevent` * `naddr` * `nprofile` This is because these identifiers contain (optional) metadata called Type-Lenght-Value aka TLV's. _When sharing a profile or an event, an app may decide to include relay information and other metadata such that other apps can locate and display these entities more easily._ _For these events, the contents are a binary-encoded list of_ `_TLV_` _(type-length-value), with_ `_T_` _and_ `_L_` _being 1 byte each (_`_uint8_`_, i.e. a number in the range of 0-255), and_ `_V_` _being a sequence of bytes of the size indicated by_ `_L_`_._ These possible standardized `TLV` types are: * `0`_:_ `special` * _depends on the bech32 prefix:_ * _for_ `nprofile` _it will be the 32 bytes of the profile public key_ * _for_ `nevent` _it will be the 32 bytes of the event id_ * _for_ `naddr`_, it is the identifier (the_ `"d"` _tag) of the event being referenced. For normal replaceable events use an empty string._ * `1`_:_ `relay` * _for_ `nprofile`_,_ `nevent` _and_  `naddr`_, optionally, a relay in which the entity (profile or event) is more likely to be found, encoded as ascii_ * _this may be included multiple times_ * `2`_:_ `author` * _for_ `naddr`_, the 32 bytes of the pubkey of the event_ * _for_ `nevent`_, optionally, the 32 bytes of the pubkey of the event_ * `3`_:_ `kind` * _for_ `naddr`_, the 32-bit unsigned integer of the kind, big-endian_ * _for_ `nevent`_, optionally, the 32-bit unsigned integer of the kind, big-endian_ These identifiers are formatted as bech32 strings, but are much longer than the package `bitwasp/bech32` (used in the library) for can handle for encoding and decoding. The bech32 strings handled by `bitwasp/bech32` are limited to a maximum length of 90 characters. Thanks to the effort of others (nostr:npub1636uujeewag8zv8593lcvdrwlymgqre6uax4anuq3y5qehqey05sl8qpl4 and nostr:npub1efz8l77esdtpw6l359sjvakm7azvyv6mkuxphjdk3vfzkgxkatrqlpf9s4) during my break, some contributions are made (modifiying the bech32 package supporting much longer strings, up to a max of 5000 characters). At this moment, I'm integrating this (mostly copy-pasting the stuff and refactoring the code): * [https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/issues/74](https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php/issues/74) * [https://github.com/nostriphant/nip-19](https://github.com/nostriphant/nip-19) ### **So what's next?** * NIP-19 code housekeeping + refactoring * Prepare a new release with NIP-19 integration * Create documentation page how to use NIP-19 on [https://nostr-php.dev](https://nostr-php.dev)

@ ba36d0f7:cd802cba

| **Piece** | **How It Moves** | **Special Rules** | | --------- | ------------------------------------- | --------------------- | | Pawn | Forward 1 (or 2), captures diagonally | En passant, promotion | | Rook | Straight lines | Castling | | Knight | L-shape (2+1) | Jumps over pieces | | Bishop | Diagonals | Color-locked | | Queen | Any direction | None | | King | 1 square any way | Castling, checkmate | ************************** ## Pieces 1. **Pawn** (♙ / ♟️) - Moves: Forward 1 square (or 2 on first move). - Captures: Diagonally 1 square. Special: - En passant: Captures a pawn that moved 2 squares past it. - Promotion: Reaches the 8th rank → becomes any piece (usually Queen). ************************ 2. **Rook** (♖ / ♜) - Moves: Straight lines (any distance). - Special: Castling (moves with the king). ********************************************** 3. **Knight** (♘ / ♞) - Moves: "L-shape" (2 squares one way + 1 square perpendicular). - Jumps: Over other pieces. ************************************************ 4. **Bishop** (♗ / ♝) - Moves: Diagonals (any distance). - Stays on one color forever. ************************************************* 5. **Queen** (♕ / ♛) - Moves: Any direction (straight/diagonal, any distance). - Most powerful piece! ********************************************** 6. **King** (♔ / ♚) - Moves: 1 square in any direction. Special: Castling: Swaps places with a rook (if no blocks/checks). Checkmate: Loses if trapped with no escape. ************************************* ## **How to move** 1. One move per turn 2. Choose your piece, place it on a legal square - *Your color only: White moves first, then Black, alternating.* - *No passing: You must move if it’s your turn.* **************************************************** **How to Capture ("Eat")** - Land on an enemy piece: Replace it with your piece. - *Pawns capture diagonally only (not straight).* - *Kings cannot be captured (checkmate ends the game).* >✔ Check: Attack the enemy king (they must escape next turn). ❌ Illegal: Moving into check or leaving your king in check. ****************************************** ## **Special moves** | Move | Key Rule | Notation | | ---------- | ---------------------------------- | ----------- | | Castling | King + rook, no prior moves/checks | `O-O` | | Promotion | Pawn→any piece at 8th rank | `e8=Q` | | En Passant | Capture a 2-square pawn jump | `exd6 e.p.` | ******************************************* 1. **Castling** (The King’s Escape) - What: King + Rook move together in one turn. How: - King moves 2 squares toward a rook. - Rook jumps to the other side of the king. Rules: - No checks: King can’t be in check or pass through check. - Never moved: King and that rook must be untouched. Types: Kingside (♔→♖, faster): O-O Queenside (♔←♖, safer): O-O-O ************************************************** 2. **Promotion** ("Crowning") - What: Pawn reaches the 8th rank → turns into any piece (usually Queen). - How: Replace the pawn with a new piece (even if the original is still on the board). > Fun fact: You can have 9 queens (1 original + 8 promotions)! Promotion example (Pawn→Queen at h8) *********************************** 3. **En Passant** (French for "In Passing") - When: Enemy pawn moves 2 squares forward past your pawn. - How: Capture it diagonally (as if it moved only 1 square). > Rule: Must do it immediately (next turn only). **************************************** #chess #elsalvador #somachess

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

I've always loved Westbrook. He plays so hard and does things through sheer force of will that no one else has ever been able to do. He's also the last guy you want on the court at the end of close games. No one has ever so reliably made poor choices in late game, or even just end of clock, situations. Here are some highlights from the epic Nuggets vs T-Wolves game, which Russ completely blew at the end. https://youtu.be/rgtzQxRpH6c I've said before that I think Russ' career +/- would be 4 points higher if coaches had never let him play at the ends of quarters. Translation for non-analytics nerds: Russ has blown virtually every final possession throughout his entire career. It's unbelievable. Is there anyone I'm overlooking as a worse clutch performer? originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/932077

@ ba36d0f7:cd802cba

## **Chess Board Setup**  1. **The Basics** 8x8 grid, alternating light/dark squares. >Key rule: *Always place the board so a light square is on each player’s bottom-right. 2. **Coordinates** Files (columns): Labeled *a* to *h* (left to right). Ranks (rows): Numbered *1* to *8* (White’s side = 1, Black’s = 8). > Notation: Squares are file + rank (e.g., e4, a7). 3. **Piece Placement** **Black (Top):** a8: Rook b8: Knight c8: Bishop d8: Queen e8: King f8: Bishop g8: Knight h8: Rook Rank 7: All pawns (a7-h7) **White (Bottom):** a1: Rook b1: Knight c1: Bishop d1: Queen e1: King f1: Bishop g1: Knight h1: Rook Rank 2: All pawns (a2-h2) > Quick Tip: Queens start on their color (Whiteon d1, Black on d8). *********************** ## **Checkmate, stalemate & draws** Chess is a two-player strategy game where the ultimate goal is to **checkmate** your opponent’s king. However, games can also end in a **stalemate** or **draw** under specific conditions. 1. **Checkmate (Winning the Game)** - Definition: The enemy king is in check (under attack) and has no legal moves to escape. - Result: The game ends immediately—the player delivering checkmate wins. 1. **Stalemate (Draw)** - Definition: The player whose turn it is has no legal moves, but their king is not in check. - Result: The game is a draw (no winner). > Common Causes: >- *A lone king with no moves left.* >- *Poor pawn structure blocking all options.* 3. **Other Draws** Games can also end in a draw due to: - **Insufficient Material** - Only kings remain. - King + bishop vs. king (no possible checkmate). - **Threefold Repetition** - The same position occurs 3 times (with the same player to move). - **50-Move Rule** - No pawn moves or captures in 50 consecutive moves (by both players). - **Agreement** - Players mutually agree to a draw. Key differences: | Term | King in Check? | Legal Moves? | Result | | --------- | -------------- | ------------ | -------- | | Checkmate | Yes | No | Win/Loss | | Stalemate | No | No | Draw | | Draw | N/A | N/A | Tie | **************************************************** ## **Chess history** 1. **Ancient Origins (6th Century)** - Birthplace: Northern India (as Chaturanga), meaning "four divisions" (infantry, cavalry, elephants, chariots—early versions of pawns, knights, bishops, rooks). - Spread: Reached Persia as Shatranj by 600 AD, where key rules (like "check" and "checkmate") emerged. > Fun fact: "Checkmate" comes from Persian "Shah Mat" ("the king is helpless"). 2. **Medieval Europe (9th–15th Century)** - Rebranding: Arabs brought chess to Spain by 1000 AD; Europeans adapted pieces to feudal society: Elephants → Bishops Viziers → Queens (weak at first—could only move one square!) - Major Change: By 1475, the queen became the most powerful piece ("Mad Queen Chess"), speeding up the game. 3. **Modern Chess (1850–Present)** - Standardization: First official world championship (1886, Wilhelm Steinitz vs. Johannes Zukertort). - Computers: IBM’s Deep Blue defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997, revolutionizing AI. - Today: Online platforms (Chess.com, Lichess) and pop culture (The Queen’s Gambit) fuel a global boom. >Did You Know? > > - The longest possible chess game is 5,949 moves (theoretical limit). > > - The longest recorded game was 269 moves, 1989 Nikolić vs. Arsović. > > - The oldest recorded chess opening (1.e4) appears in a 1490 Spanish manuscript. #chess #education #elsalvador #chesselsalvador #somachess #article #soma

@ 7bdef7be:784a5805

The following script try, using [nak](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nak), to find out the last ten people who have followed a `target_pubkey`, sorted by the most recent. It's possibile to shorten `search_timerange` to speed up the search. ``` #!/usr/bin/env fish # Target pubkey we're looking for in the tags set target_pubkey "6e468422dfb74a5738702a8823b9b28168abab8655faacb6853cd0ee15deee93" set current_time (date +%s) set search_timerange (math $current_time - 600) # 24 hours = 86400 seconds set pubkeys (nak req --kind 3 -s $search_timerange wss://relay.damus.io/ wss://nos.lol/ 2>/dev/null | \ jq -r --arg target "$target_pubkey" ' select(. != null and type == "object" and has("tags")) | select(.tags[] | select(.[0] == "p" and .[1] == $target)) | .pubkey ' | sort -u) if test -z "$pubkeys" exit 1 end set all_events "" set extended_search_timerange (math $current_time - 31536000) # One year for pubkey in $pubkeys echo "Checking $pubkey" set events (nak req --author $pubkey -l 5 -k 3 -s $extended_search_timerange wss://relay.damus.io wss://nos.lol 2>/dev/null | \ jq -c --arg target "$target_pubkey" ' select(. != null and type == "object" and has("tags")) | select(.tags[][] == $target) ' 2>/dev/null) set count (echo "$events" | jq -s 'length') if test "$count" -eq 1 set all_events $all_events $events end end if test -n "$all_events" echo -e "Last people following $target_pubkey:" echo -e "" set sorted_events (printf "%s\n" $all_events | jq -r -s ' unique_by(.id) | sort_by(-.created_at) | .[] | @json ') for event in $sorted_events set npub (echo $event | jq -r '.pubkey' | nak encode npub) set created_at (echo $event | jq -r '.created_at') if test (uname) = "Darwin" set follow_date (date -r "$created_at" "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M") else set follow_date (date -d @"$created_at" "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M") end echo "$follow_date - $npub" end end ```

@ 7bdef7be:784a5805

We value sovereignty, privacy and security when accessing online content, using several tools to achieve this, like open protocols, open OSes, open software products, Tor and VPNs. ## The problem Talking about our social presence, we can manually build up our follower list (social graph), pick a Nostr client that is respectful of our preferences on what to show and how, but with the standard following mechanism, our main feed is public, so **everyone can actually snoop what we are interested in**, and what is supposable that we read daily. ## The solution Nostr has a simple solution for this necessity: **encrypted lists**. Lists are what they appear, a collection of people or interests (but they can also group much other stuff, see [NIP-51](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/51.md)). So we can create lists with contacts that we don't have in our main social graph; these lists can be used primarily to create dedicated feeds, but they could have other uses, for example, related to monitoring. The interesting thing about lists is that they can also be encrypted, so unlike the basic following list, which is always public, **we can hide the lists' content from others**. The implications are obvious: we can not only have a more organized way to browse content, but it is also **really private one**. One might wonder what use can really be made of private lists; here are some examples: * Browse “can't miss” content from users I consider a priority; * Supervise competitors or adversarial parts; * Monitor sensible topics (tags); * Following someone without being publicly associated with them, as this may be undesirable; The benefits in terms of privacy as usual are not only related to the casual, or programmatic, observer, but are also evident when we think of **how many bots scan our actions to profile us**. ## The current state Unfortunately, lists are not widely supported by Nostr clients, and encrypted support is a rarity. Often the excuse to not implement them is that they are harder to develop, since they require managing the encryption stuff ([NIP-44](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/44.md)). Nevertheless, developers have an **easier option** to start offering private lists: give the user **the possibility to simply mark them as local-only**, and never push them to the relays. Even if the user misses the sync feature, this is sufficient to create a private environment. To date, as far as I know, the best client with list management is [Gossip](nostr:npub189j8y280mhezlp98ecmdzydn0r8970g4hpqpx3u9tcztynywfczqqr3tg8), which permits to manage **both encrypted and local-only lists**. Beg your Nostr client to implement private lists!

@ 8dac122d:0fc98d37

 When selling goods or services, you might want to consider using an auction format to maximize your profits and customer satisfaction. For those of us that don't know, selling through auction is the way where the price of the item is determined by the bids of the buyers, rather than by the seller. It's an interesting approach when trying to attract more buyers and generate more exposure. It can generate a buzz around your item and business, drawing attention from potential buyers who might not otherwise be interested, with any healthier word-of-mouth marketing and social media sharing. Lately I've been reserching on this topic, thinking on how it could be implemented here on SN. Exploring other forums with more and fewer functionalities, have noticed that some really dive in with years of experience, trust build systems and the ability to offer this service with honesty and confidence. It's curious to see how all this started back in Babylon around 500 B.C., with brides as earliest known auctions “items” sold to grooms through descending bids. I'll leave you to research and discover _why_. Hopefully, ~AGORA auctions will be less problematic! # How do we reach Online Auctions perfection Firstly, I want to give you some history about “remote” auctions and how they have been evolving together with technological innovations. When TV and telephones were widely adopted in the west early in the late 80s, Nigel Myers, Director for Cox Automotive, describes the shifting mindset towards technology as: _“a time when people were really beginning to grasp what technology could do and that traditional ways of working were going to be challenged. We adopted the view that we must embrace these emerging technologies before our competitors. We considered it essential to remain at the forefront of the industry._”  AuctionVision in 1991 was the industry’s first successful intent into _“virtual auctions”_, it offered the ability to buy and sell vehicles remotely for the very first time via satellite television. It revolutionized the industry that had remained largely the same for decades and provided the foundations for what we know as online auctions today. Anyone familiar with the telethon events that were popular in the 80s and 90s can picture the scene[^1]. These auctions eventually moved and take more and more place through text-based groups and discussion lists. Yes, those times when cool UIs were not a thing, and one had to connect through the telephone line. Despite the technological challenges, such trades witnessed a huge popularity in those days and seeing the flourishing success of online trading, entrepreneurs began to realize the tremendous potential of online auctions. They understood the global reach online auction markets could have. _{Ebay's AuctionWeb.com website launch in 1996}  It was in 1995 that the first simple online auction website was made available by Pierre Omidyar, In September 1997, the portal was officially renamed from AuctionWeb.com to eBay.com.[^2] Being the first such venture in the market, eBay had many advantages, which they utilized fully quickly becaming the biggest player in this industry. They have maintained their reputation till today, however, various websites soon came up and emerged as strong competitors to eBay. The leading competitors were Yahoo! Auctions and Amazon.com. Today we see an explosion of auction' website that cover specific markets, from cars to RE, art, clothes, snickers, Pokémon's cards , NFTs and who know how many more. # The various Auctions Formats Together with technological evolution, auctions have been adapting and evolving to market request satisfying specific needs. Let's break down the various types of auctions formats to evaluate which one could be better suited for the AGORA marketplace. #### English Auction Running with ascending bids, this is the most known and adopted worldwide. An initial value is usually defined by the auctioneer as a starting bid, meaning no less than that amount will be accepted. Bidders openly compete by raising the price with bids until the highest bid wins. It's one of the oldest formats, dating back to ancient Rome (literally called _auctus_), where soldiers auctioned war loot. Modern English auctions quickly evolved in 17th-century England for antiques and art: the Mona Lisa was almost sold in 1959 but was withdrawn when bidding stalled at $5 million (a fraction of its value today). I see this as a perfect match for our case, as it's the easiest to run manually, bids could be simply public comments for the auctioneer to easily track progress and evaluate the winner. It could be left open until no one else set more bids, or ending on a defied time set as deadline. #### Dutch Auction It is not a case, it runs with descending bids. Named as Dutch auction because it was firstly adopted in 17th-cetury's Holland to sell big quantities of perishable items like tulip bulbs (yes, that tulip mania), that if not sold quickly would end up being unsellable. The auctioneer, in this case, sets an intentionally high initial price, bids value were publicly dropped until a buyer screamed _“Mij!”_ (_Mine!_ in English) to confirm interest and stop the auctioneer lowering the price more to have more bidders interested. Today, tech helps with that: digital clocks sync with global logistics. Flowers bought by 10 AM are shipped by noon and sold in NYC by the next day. The Aalsmeer complex is 1.6 million m² (≈200 soccer fields)[^3]. Forklifts zip through 100+ km of corridors, selling over 12 billion flowers a year. Nearly 80% of global flowers, with some lots dropping from €10 to €0.50 in minutes when bidders sense oversupply. They are also called _Clock Auction_, as the price drops by the second. Bidders just need to simply press a button and get the item. _{Auction board from the Aalsmeer in Holland}  This would be a bit harder to run here, as it would be the auctioneer making lower and lower offers in the in comments. Bidders stay unnotably silent until interested. But the Auctioner couls also be the only spectator... Fun Fact: Google’s 2004 IPO tried a Dutch auction to “democratize” share pricing, it was probably more a sealed-bid auction, but anyway, some say it wasn't a success. #### Sealed-Bid Auction First higher price win: due to this nature, it's probably obvious, it was popularized by governments, specifically for procurement contracts. For example, the U.S. Treasury Inc. has used it since the 1800s to sell bonds to bidders that privately submit offers. The auctioneer reserve the right to close receiving offers at a certain time, or when enough offers have been received to be able to select the highest(s) or the most interesting one(s). As you can understand, bidders often suffer the _winner’s curse_, most of the time ending up overpaying due to the secrecy detail. We cannot sto auctionees from posting these, but from a bidder or buyer perspective, I'd advise avoiding the participation on this format on SN. It is much riskier for the bidder and definitely doesn't much our value of transparency. Just mentioning as it is part of my research. #### Vickrey Auction (Second-Price Sealed Bid) Similar to the Sealed-bid auction, with the only difference that the winner pays the second-highest bid, for example, if you bid 0.05 BTC, and next highest is 0.04 BTC, you win the auction, but you pay 0.04 BTC. This approach, born as improvement of the previous one, incentivize to bid the true max value without penalty for honesty. Named after William Vickrey, a Nobel-winning economist who designed it in 1961 to incentivize a more truthful bidding format. A practical example are the Government (again) Spectrum Sales, where FCC uses Vickrey-inspired formats to allocate radio frequencies more fairly and try to avoid bid inflation. Good fit for stackers? Definitely not! #### Other Formats & Variations Along the centuries, auctions have evolved. Those mentioned above are the most common and adopted. Other really specific formats have been designed to fit specific markets or occasions. For example, **Silent Auctions** are an English Auction's variation, with the only difference that bids are anonymously offered in writing. Mostly used for fundraising and Ads placements, where the bidders prefer to keep certain levels of privacy. **Penny (or Incremental) Auction** is one where participants pay (historically was just 1 penny to join in, from here the name of the format) to place bids. The timer resets with each bid. Highly risky when applied to online auctions because bidders need to pay for participating. I'll avoid mentioning controversies and scams in history related to this format. Just note down that, to participate, you must really know and have full trust in the auctioneer or the people selling the items. **Reserve Auction** is where the seller or auctioneer sets a hidden minimum price; if unmet, the item will remain unsold. This could fit here: an auctioneer maybe just need to clearly state “Reserve Met” or “Reserve NOT met” publicly to close the auction, without the need to publicly disclose it in the initial post. Here a simpler table comparison with evaluation criteria for possible SN'~AGORA implementation | _Format | _Transparency | _{Trust Needed} | _Complexity | _{Fraud Risk} | _{SN Feasibility} | _{Best For} | |------------------------|------------------|-------------------|----------------|----------------|--------------------|---------------------------------| | _English | _High | _Low | _Low | _Moderate | _{✅ High} | _{Common goods} | | _No-Reserve | _High | _Low | _Low | _High* | _{✅ High} | _{Quick sales, liquidations} | | _Reserve | _High | _Medium† | _Low | _Low | _{✅ High} | _{High-value/rare items} | | _Dutch | _Medium | _High‡ | _High | _Moderate | _{⚠️ Medium} | _{Bulk items, time-sensitive sales} | | _Silent | _Medium | _Medium | _Low | _Moderate | _{✅ High} | _{Charity, small-scale auctions} | | _Sealed-Bid | _Low | _{Very High} | _Medium | _High | _{❌ Low} | _{Private sales (niche use)} | | _Vickrey | _Low | _{Very High} | _High | _High | _{❌ Low} | _{Theory-driven experiments} | | _Penny | _High | _{Very High} | _{Very High} | _{Very High} | _{❌ Low} | _{(Avoid – predatory by design)} | ``` Notes: - *No-Reserve: High fraud risk if starting bid is too low. - †Reserve: Transparency is higher if the reserve is disclosed upfront. - ‡Dutch: Requires strict timekeeping. ``` #### Would the AGORA succeed? The challenge to run and monitor auctions on SN still unsolved, at least for me. Considering there's not yet a publicly available rating to identify users' trust within the community, nor a private messaging or escrow service, I'll try my best to find the right matches and offer few options to inspire stackers. With further research, and I'll put together a draft guide to see what you all think about it. Ideally, receive feedback and together make this happening, fostering a more free and open market incentivizing a wider bitcoin circular economy. Thanks for reading until here, hope you find it entertaining. I'll leave you with an ending fun fact: In the 1800s, cattle auctions in Dodge City in Kansas used English-style bids, with cowboys literally _shouting_ offers. Deals were sealed with a handshake and whiskey! [^1]: Manheim at 100: How virtual auctions revolutionized the industry in the 90s Written by Manheim Content Team - 19/07/2021 - https://www.manheim.co.uk/news/2021/manheim-100-how-virtual-auctions-revolutionised-the-industry-in-the-90s [^2]: From the Web Design Museum, AuctionWeb in 1996 https://www.webdesignmuseum.org/gallery/ebay-1996 [^3]: Royal FloraHolland Flower Auction https://www.visitaalsmeer.nl/en/location/royal-floraholland-flower-auction/ originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/931997

@ ba36d0f7:cd802cba

 ## **"It Takes a Village"** …But what if the "village" is a system that prioritizes obedience over curiosity, grades over growth, and rigid curriculums over real-world learning? For decades, we’ve accepted a model where kids spend hours a day passively absorbing information in classrooms, where their worth is measured by standardized tests rather than their ability to _think_, _adapt_, or _create_. Meanwhile, the tools to revolutionize learning - technology, connectivity, and decentralized knowledge - sit in our pockets, dismissed as "distractions" rather than leveraged as liberation. **The Paradox of Progress** We live in an era of unprecedented access to information. Yet, our education systems cling to industrial-era ideals, villainizing screens instead of teaching **how to wield them wisely**. Yes, mindless screen time harms—but so does _mindless schooling_. The real failure? **Not preparing learners to navigate, critique, and contribute to the world they actually live in.** **A different approach** soma is an experiment in **self-directed, community-rooted learning**. It asks: - What if education _integrated_ with life instead of interrupting it? - What if "success" meant **mastery driven by curiosity**, not compliance? - What if technology connected learners to mentors, resources, and real-world problems - not just apps that mimic worksheets? This isn’t about abandoning theory or expertise. It’s about **flipping the script**: - **Empiric learning** comes first (doing, trying, failing, exploring). - This is where physical spaces thrive - **quilombos**, workshops, community gardens. Where we take responsibility for our shared world. - **Theoretical depth** follows _when the learner chooses it_ - fueled by a desire to go further. - This is where our virtual spaces shine to guarantee accessibility: **as tool, not a privilege**. - Tech is **recreation, not a crutch** - the spice, not the meal. ********** **A call for villages, not factories** soma imagines communities where learning is **an act of devotion** - to exploration, to curiosity, to the sacred cycle of trying, failing, and trying again. Where you learn **because you want to - to better your surroundings**, not because you were told to. > Where a child’s obsession with ants leads them to a biologist’s fieldwork _and_ a poet’s metaphor - because both are natural extensions of wonder. > Where a teen building a game pursues storytelling, math, and ethics **on their own terms**, stitching knowledge together like patchwork quilt. > Where we see learning happening in parks, in makerspaces and on screens - used intentionally. This is education **returned to its human rhythm**: urgent, messy, and alive. --- **Join the experiment** This is just the start. soma is a **provocation, a prototype, and an open invitation** to rethink how we learn. **Let’s stop preparing kids for a world that no longer exists.** ➡️ _Follow updates, share your ideas, or tell us: What does your ideal "village" look like?_ nostr:npub1hgmdpalp9tz37vh9kxx49fm5pl75w6vwek2r80r20x2stnvq9jaq705r99 #longform #article #education #elsalvador #communities #decentralized

@ d04ecf33:1d62aa90

## Physical prototyping 3D printers have evolved as useful tools for rapid prototyping of physical products for inspiration and demonstration purposes. Nowadays people also use them for hobbyist endeavors. They create nice little items for pure enjoyment or very simple substitution parts that can be used regardless of industrial precision and material limitations. ## Prototypers of Ideas Similarly with LLMs, you can bounce ideas off them to better understand your own thinking and also let them generate variations of ideas. They provide inspiration, summaries, and proof-of-concept boilerplates. They are rapid prototypers for and of your ideas, creating a feedback loop. However, to use LLMs successfully, people must understand that LLMs cannot and will never discover key insights. They are not creative in a human sense, just like 3D printers cannot produce a real car. From engineering to art and business ideas, people use tools for almost all phases. The key innovation of LLMs is that they offer an effective tool to iterate faster in the ideation phase. And yes, that's true of coding too. The code that LLMs generate is not production-ready, but it is a good starting point. Beware of using the prototype as the final product, as it will inevitably backfire. Use LLMs where their high-frequency but low-quality output is justified. Situations where low-quality boilerplate makes sense include experiments and other instances like code snippets, text summaries, sketches, demo videos, mockups, etc. So, take your key idea and start the conversation. Apply critical thinking to identify where the answers lack important aspects and make mistakes, but most importantly, learn how to formulate your questions better. ## Economic Impact 3D printers lower the barrier to entry in the manufacturing of physical products. LLMs, on the other hand, lower the barrier to generating useful ideas. That is to say, they lower the barrier to produce anything and everything because ideas are the basis of any product. This has a deflationary impact and, in my estimation, will further lower the need for mediocre, unimaginative people across the board. It's the bureaucrats' nightmare. Another impactful aspect of LLMs is that they are very effective learning tools, just like 3D printers. Learning in a feedback loop used to be available only by hiring a human. Now that is one prompt and a few sats away. ## Progress LLMs need "quality data" to improve, i.e., more human insight and true creativity. Therefore, they feed on open-source. Closed-source proprietary information and "intellectual property" slow their progress, but not for long. Humans, overall, yearn for innovation more than they fear censorship and punishment. It's another Pandora's box, and the effects will never be reversed. People are essentially and foremost explainers of the world, creative innovators. If you ask me, the human touch will be necessary at least until we have true AGI, and the path LLMs are on right now can never achieve that, not in a million years. I agree with David Deutsch's take on this: To produce real AGI, we must first crack serious concepts like how Meaning, Consciousness, Creativity, and Free Will work. We don't know how far we are from that, but it's not to be found along the path of what we call AI today. If you are striving to become a better version of yourself and learn every day, rest assured: LLMs are your leverage. Otherwise, you will need some fiat authority, like the state today, to force others to value your work while it has an overall negative impact (90% in that category in my estimation). People like that need a shift of perspective or will suffer the consequences. Keep printing ideas and execute on them! Learn and repeat. The path to success. #llm #ai #agi #3dp #programming

@ a60e79e0:1e0e6813

*This is a long form note of a post that lives on my Nostr educational website [Hello Nostr](https://hellonostr.xyz).* So you've got yourself [started](https://hellonostr.xyz/start), you're up to speed with the latest Nostr [jargon](https://hellonostr.xyz/glossary) and you've learned the basics about the [protocol](https://hellonostr.xyz/101), but you're left wanting more!? Well, look no further! This post contains a useful list of Nostr based utilities than can enhance your experience in and around the Nostr protocol. ## Search and Discovery Getting started with Nostr can sometimes feel like a lonely journey, particularly if you're the first of your friends and family to discover how awesome it can be! These tools can help you discover new content, connect with existing follows from other networks and just generally have a poke around at the different types of content Nostr has to offer. > Have a hobby or existing community elsewhere? Have a search for it here to find others with shared interests - **[Nostr.Band](https://nostr.band/)** - Search for people, posts, media and stats literally anything Nostr has to offer! - **[Nostr.Directory](https://nostr.directory/)** - Find your Twitter follows on Nostr - **[Awesome Nostr](https://github.com/aljazceru/awesome-nostr#implementations)** - Extensive list of Relay software - **[Nostr View](https://nostrview.com/)** - Generic Nostr search  <br/> ## Relays Relays might not be the sexiest of topics, particularly for newcomers to the network, but they are a crucial part of what makes Nostr great. As you become more competent, you'll want to customize your relay selection and maybe even run your own! Here are some great starting points. > Running a personal relay is a powerful way to improve the redundancy of your Nostr events. - **[Nostr.Watch](https://next.nostr.watch/)** - Browse, test and research Nostr relays - **[Nostrwat.ch](https://nostrwat.ch/)** - List of active Nostr relays - **[Advanced Nostr Search](https://advancednostrsearch.vercel.app/)** - Targetted search with date ranges - **[Nostr.Wine](https://nostr.wine/)** - Reliable paid Relay  <br/> ## NIP-05 Identity Services Your nPub, or public key (that long string of letters and numbers) is your ‘official’ Nostr ID, but it’s not exactly catchy. NIP-05 identifiers are a human-readable and easily shareable way to have people find you on Nostr. They look like an email address, like qna@hellonostr.xyz. If you have your own domain and web server, you can easily [create your own](https://thebitcoinmanual.com/articles/nostr-account-nip-05-verified/) NIP-05 identifier in just a few minutes. If you don't, you'll want to leverage one of the many free or paid solutions. > Make yourself easier to find on Nostr with a NIP-05 identifier - **[Bitcoiner.Chat](https://bitcoiner.chat/)** - Free service operated by [QnA](nostr:npub15c88nc8d44gsp4658dnfu5fahswzzu8gaxm5lkuwjud068swdqfspxssvx) - **[Nostr Plebs](https://nostrplebs.com/)** - Paid service with extra features - **[Alby](https://getalby.com/)** - Lightning wallet with + NIP-05 solution - **[Nostr Address](https://en.nostraddress.com/)** - Paid service with extra features - **[Zaps.Lol](https://zaps.lol/)** - Free service  <br/> ## Key Management Your private key (or nsec) it the key to your Nostr world. It is what allows you to access and interact with your social graph from any client. It doesn't matter if that client is a micro-blogging app like Amethyst, a podcast app like Fountain, or a P2P marketplace like Plebeian Market, your nsec is paramount to those interactions. Should your nsec be lost, or fall into the wrong hands, whoever then holds a copy can access Nostr and pretend to be you, meaning that you'll need to start again with a new keypair. Not a nice situation to find yourself in, so treat your nsec VERY carefully. > Your private key IS your Nostr identity. Treat it with extreme care and do not share it. - **[Alby](https://getalby.com/)** - Browser extension enabling you to sign into web app without sharing the private key - **[Nos2x](https://github.com/fiatjaf/nos2x)** - Another browser extension key manager - **[Keys.Band](https://keys.band/)** - Another browser extension key manager - **[Amber](https://github.com/greenart7c3/amber)** - Android app for safe nsec storage. Can talk to other clients on the same phone to log in and sign events - **[Nostr Signing Device](https://github.com/lnbits/nostr-signing-device)** - Dedicated device to store your nsec - **[Passport](https://docs.foundation.xyz)** - Hardware wallet for offline and deterministic nsec generation and storage  <br/> ## Zap Tools Zaps are one of the most fun parts of Nostr. Never before have we been able to send fractions of a penny, instantly to our friends because their meme made us laugh, or their blog post was very insightful. Zaps use Bitcoin’s Lightning Network, a faster and cheaper way to move Bitcoin around. To Zap someone, you need a Lightning wallet linked to your Nostr client. Some clients, like Primal, ship with their own custodial wallet to make getting started a breeze. Most clients also allow more advanced users to connect an existing Lightning Wallet to reduce reliance and trust in the client provider. - **[Alby](https://getalby.com/)** - Browser extension and self-custodial Lightning wallet - **[LNBits](https://github.com/lnbits/lnbits)** - A Zap server running on your own Bitcoin node - **[BTCPay Server](https://btcpayserver.org/)** - Another Zap server running on your own Bitcoin node - **[Zeus](https://github.com/ZeusLN/zeus)** - Zap compatible self-custodial mobile Lightning wallet - **[Nostr Wallet Connect](https://nwc.dev/)** - Communication protocol between Lightning wallets and Nostr apps - **[Ecash Wallets](https://github.com/cashubtc/awesome-cashu)** - Custodial Ecash based wallets that are interoperable with Lightning and Nostr (Funds may be at risk) - **[Wallet of Satoshi](https://www.walletofsatoshi.com/)** - Custodial Lightning wallet (Funds may be at risk)  --- If you found this post useful, please share it with your peers and consider following and zapping me on Nostr. If you write to me and let me know that you found me via this post, I'll be sure to Zap you back! ⚡️

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Supetar is the main town and ferry port on Brač Island, located just across the sea from Split. It’s a charming coastal town with historic streets, beautiful beaches, and a relaxed island vibe. As the main entry point to Brač, it’s the perfect base for exploring the island’s stunning beaches, olive groves, and cultural landmarks.  ## **🏛️ Top Things to See & Do in Supetar** ### **1️⃣ Explore the Supetar Old Town 🏡** - Stroll through **narrow, stone-paved alleys**, lined with **historic buildings and seaside cafés**. - Visit **St. Peter’s Church & Mausoleum**, featuring intricate stone carvings. - Admire the **harbor filled with fishing boats**, offering postcard-worthy views. ### **2️⃣ Relax on Supetar’s Beaches 🏖️** - **Banj Beach** – A **family-friendly beach** with crystal-clear water & soft pebbles. - **Acapulco Beach** – A more secluded, **rocky beach with turquoise waters**. - **Vela Luka Bay** – A beautiful bay **surrounded by pine forests**, perfect for relaxation. ### **3️⃣ Visit the Olive Oil Museum in Škrip 🫒** - **Just 15 minutes from Supetar**, this museum showcases **Brač’s olive oil heritage**. - Try traditional **Dalmatian olive oil tastings** & local island delicacies.  ### **4️⃣ Take a Boat Trip to the Famous Zlatni Rat Beach ⛵** - One of **Croatia’s most iconic beaches**, known for its **shifting horn-shaped coastline**. - Located in **Bol**, just a short boat or car ride away from Supetar. ### **5️⃣ Hike or Drive to Vidova Gora 🌄** - The **highest peak on the Adriatic islands (778m)**, offering **breathtaking views** over Brač, Hvar, and beyond. - Accessible by **hiking (moderate difficulty) or driving**.  ### **6️⃣ Try Dalmatian Cuisine 🍽️** - **Vitalac** – A unique Brač specialty, made from lamb offal and cooked over an open fire. - **Pašticada** – A slow-cooked beef dish, traditionally served with gnocchi. - **Homemade Brač cheese & wine** – Try local goat cheese paired with **Plavac Mali wine**.  ## **🚗 How to Get to Supetar** ⛴️ **By Ferry (from Split):** - The **Split-Supetar ferry** is the **main connection** (50 min ride). - Ferries run **frequently** (especially in summer). 🚘 **By Car:** - **Supetar is the best entry point for road trips across Brač**. - Car rentals are available in town or at the ferry port.  ## **💡 Tips for Visiting Supetar** ✅ **Best time to visit?** **May–September** for warm weather & clear seas ☀️ ✅ **Stay at least a night** – Supetar has a lovely evening atmosphere 🌙 ✅ **Rent a scooter or car** to explore Brač’s hidden beaches & inland villages 🏍️ ✅ **Try local wines & olive oils** – Brač is famous for both 🍷🫒 ✅ **Visit early in the morning** for a peaceful experience before ferries get busy ⏳ 

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

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@ b9f4c34d:7d1a0e31

<p> testssss </p>

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers! Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon! A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats. So stay a while and listen. 🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨 🚨Subscribe to the territory to ensure you never miss a post! 🚨 originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/931908

@ d5c3d063:4d1159b3

"ผลิตผลทางเศรษฐกิจที่เพิ่มขึ้น เป็นประโยชน์กับทุกคนเสมอ ไม่ว่าในทางใดก็ทางหนึ่ง" เป็นโพสของอาจารย์พิริยะ ที่เรียกได้ว่าคือ “หลักการพื้นฐาน” ของเสรีภาพทางเศรษฐกิจ ที่หลายคนอาจหลงลืม และซุปอยากขยายความต่อ เพราะนี่คือจุดเริ่มต้นของคำว่า “ระบบที่แฟร์จริง” . เราถูกสอนให้คิดว่า ถ้ามีคนรวยขึ้น ต้องมีใครอีกคนจนลง แต่ในความเป็นจริง ระบบตลาดเสรีไม่ได้ทำงานแบบนั้นเลย เพราะเมื่อมีคนผลิตของที่ดีขึ้น ผลิตได้เร็วขึ้น ต้นทุนจะลดลง สินค้าที่เคยเข้าถึงยาก ก็เริ่มกลายเป็นของธรรมดาที่ใครก็ใช้ได้ . คนหนึ่งคนที่ผลิตเพิ่มขึ้น อาจได้กำไรมากขึ้น แต่คนอีกเป็นล้านกลับได้ใช้สินค้าที่ถูกลง ชีวิตง่ายขึ้น สะดวกขึ้น เห็นได้ชัดว่าทุกฝ่ายได้ประโยชน์ ไม่ใช่เพราะมีใครต้อง "เสียสละจากการบังคับ" แต่เพราะทุกคนแลกเปลี่ยนกัน "ด้วยความสมัครใจ" นี่คือหลักการที่เศรษฐศาสตร์สำนักออสเตรียนเชื่อมั่นมาตลอด ว่าเสรีภาพในการผลิตและแลกเปลี่ยน คือรากฐานของความมั่งคั่งร่วมกัน "การแบ่งงานกันทำ" ของคนที่ถนัดต่างกัน คือวิธีที่มนุษย์สร้างสังคมเจริญขึ้นมาได้จริง ไม่ใช่เพราะรัฐสั่งให้ทำ แต่เพราะทุกคนเห็นประโยชน์ร่วมกันและยินดีแลกเปลี่ยนกันเอง . ปัญหาคือ วันนี้เราไม่ได้อยู่ในตลาดเสรีจริง แต่เราอยู่ในระบบที่รัฐเข้ามาเขียนกติกา ออกใบอนุญาต ควบคุมอุตสาหกรรม กำหนดราคา และที่แย่คือการออกกฎที่เอื้อให้พวกพ้อง ทำให้บางคนได้เปรียบในตลาด โดยไม่ได้มาจากการผลิตเก่งหรือบริการดีแต่มาจากการมีสายสัมพันธ์กับอำนาจ (แบบนี้คือ ทุนนิยมพวกพ้อง) . แล้วคนทั่วไปที่เห็นภาพแบบนี้ ก็พากันเรียกร้องให้รัฐเข้ามาจัดการ ทั้งที่จริงแล้ว...คนที่ควรรับผิดชอบ คือรัฐเอง ที่เปิดช่องให้เรื่องพวกนี้เกิดขึ้นตั้งแต่แรก . เราจึงติดกับดักเดิมซ้ำๆ คือรัฐสร้างปัญหา แล้วใช้ปัญหานั้นเป็นข้ออ้างในการขยายอำนาจ สุดท้ายมันก็ยิ่งบิดเบือนระบบเศรษฐกิจให้ผิดเพี้ยนเข้าไปอีก จนคนทำงานจริง ผลิตของจริง กลับไม่มีที่ยืนในระบบ . . ให้เห็นภาพต่อว่า ถ้ามีคนผลิตมากขึ้น ทุกคนในระบบจะได้ประโยชน์เพิ่มขึ้นเสมอ ตราบใดที่ 1 เขาไม่ได้ขโมยใคร 2 เขาแลกเปลี่ยนบนความสมัครใจ เท่านั้นยังไม่พอ 3 "เงิน" มันต้องเป็นกระจกสะท้อนคุณค่าจากการผลิต ไม่ใช่เงินที่สร้างจากหนี้แล้วใช้กฎหมายยังคับว่ามันมีค่า ถ้าเงื่อนไขสามข้อนี้ยังอยู่ครบ ทุนนิยมตลาดเสรีที่แท้จริง ก็จะเป็นระบบที่ยั่งยืน และแฟร์ที่สุดเท่าที่เคยมีมา ซึ่งตลอดประวัติศาสตร์เรายังไม่เคยแยกอำนาจการเงินออกจากมือมนุษย์ได้เลย เพราะถ้าเราปล่อยให้รัฐพิมพ์เงินได้อย่างอิสระ ลดคุณค่าของเงินได้โดยไม่ต้องรับผิดชอบ และแทรกแซงราคาตลาดโดยไม่มีการผลิตรองรับ เมื่อถึงจุดนั้น ต่อให้เราผลิตเก่งแค่ไหน เราก็ไม่มีทางรวยขึ้น เพราะรางวัลไม่ได้แจกตามผลงาน แต่แจกตามความใกล้ชิตผู้มีอำนาจ เมื่อเงินเสื่อมค่าลงทุกวัน ข้าวของแพงขึ้น เราต้องทำงานหนักขึ้น แต่ซื้อของได้น้อยลง แล้วเราจะเริ่มถามตัวเองว่า “เรากำลังทำงานสร้างคุณค่าจริงๆ ขยันจนแทบไม่มีเวลาหายใจ แต่สุดท้ายเรากำลังก้าวไปเดินหน้า หรือแค่พยายามเอาตัวรอดในระบบที่ไม่ยุติธรรม” และในวันนั้น...คุณอาจจะย้อนนึกถึงประโยคนี้ ที่อาจารย์เคยโพสแล้วอาจไม่ได้คิดว่ามันสำคัญ ปล.วันนี้เราอาจเห็นต่างกันเรื่องบทบาทของรัฐ แต่ซุปคิดว่าจุดร่วมของคำถามนี้คือ ระบบเศรษฐกิจที่ดี ควรให้รางวัลกับผู้ผลิต หรือให้รางวัลกับคนที่อยู่ใกล้ชิดผู้มีอำนาจ... #Siamstr

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

- [首页](/readme.md) - [第一章、开发者指南](/01.md) - [第二章、使用教程](/02.md)

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

## nostrbook 技术框架 源代码在 github.com ``` git clone https://github.com/nostrbook/nostrbook cd nostrbook npm install npm run dev ``` * 网站主框架 vite + svelte * 网站浏览书框架 docsify ## 网站主框架 svelte 为主，daisyui （tailwindcss） css 。 页面的逻辑结构 都是 svelte搭建的， 采用了 layout 左侧菜单。 菜单代码 在 https://github.com/nostrbook/nostrbook/blob/main/src/lib/SideMenu.svelte 菜单里用了弹框登录，弹框的代码基本是问的 AI。 子页面和 路由器看sveltekit规则编写。 ### 书籍的数据 https://github.com/nostrbook/nostrbook/blob/main/src/lib/bookevent.ts 使用的nostr ndk 库来读写 relay。 书的 tag， 内容就是 标题，封面和作者。 ``` [ ['t',booktag], ['title',content['title']], ]; ``` ### 章节的数据 ``` [ ['t',chaptertag], ['title',title], ['d',filename + "-" + bookid], ['e',bookid], ]; ``` 这里面的 d，采用了 文件名 + bookid，所以每一本的章节名的文件名是唯一的。 ### 配置文件 src/lib/config.ts，主要配置 服务器的地址 * 图片文件 nip96 服务器 * relays 服务器 * book的tag ，测试和 release不一样。 如果自己部署独有的服务器也可以不一样。这样内容可以垂直。 ### 首页采用了缓冲机制 首页的内容来自 书籍的列表， 用booktag和30023来区分是不是书籍信息。 为了搜索引擎友好，让页面加载就有数据。 采用了 src/hooks.server.ts 预备加载数据，数据会被首页面 src/routes/+page.server.ts 传给 page.svelte去渲染。 这一切都是后台完成的。html页面加载的时候数据都已经渲染完成了。所以对搜索引擎非常友好。搞定了google，seo。 但是为了数据的完整性， 页面起来后会继续读取列表，这时候可能会显示最新的数据。

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

NIP-07 ====== `window.nostr` capability for web browsers ------------------------------------------ `draft` `optional` The `window.nostr` object may be made available by web browsers or extensions and websites or web-apps may make use of it after checking its availability. That object must define the following methods: ``` async window.nostr.getPublicKey(): string // returns a public key as hex async window.nostr.signEvent(event: { created_at: number, kind: number, tags: string[][], content: string }): Event // takes an event object, adds `id`, `pubkey` and `sig` and returns it ``` Aside from these two basic above, the following functions can also be implemented optionally: ``` async window.nostr.nip04.encrypt(pubkey, plaintext): string // returns ciphertext and iv as specified in nip-04 (deprecated) async window.nostr.nip04.decrypt(pubkey, ciphertext): string // takes ciphertext and iv as specified in nip-04 (deprecated) async window.nostr.nip44.encrypt(pubkey, plaintext): string // returns ciphertext as specified in nip-44 async window.nostr.nip44.decrypt(pubkey, ciphertext): string // takes ciphertext as specified in nip-44 ``` ### Recommendation to Extension Authors To make sure that the `window.nostr` is available to nostr clients on page load, the authors who create Chromium and Firefox extensions should load their scripts by specifying `"run_at": "document_end"` in the extension's manifest. ### Implementation See https://github.com/aljazceru/awesome-nostr#nip-07-browser-extensions.

@ d560dbc2:bbd59238

*April 2, 2025* Let’s be real: to-do lists are supposed to make life easier, but more often than not, they just stress us out. You write down everything you need to do—work tasks, personal errands, that call you’ve been meaning to make—and suddenly, your list is a mile long. Instead of feeling in control, you’re overwhelmed, staring at a jumble of tasks with no clear sense of where to start. So, why do most to-do lists increase stress, and how can we fix it? The answer lies in **timing**. --- ## The Stress Trap of Traditional To-Do Lists Most to-do lists fail because they simply dump every task you need to do without any sense of priority or timing. Imagine having: - “Finish project report” next to “Call Mom” next to “Fix car issue” Without guidance on when to tackle each task, your brain is left to endlessly loop through all the items—worrying that you’ll forget something or miss a deadline. This is partly due to the **Zeigarnik Effect**, a psychological phenomenon where unfinished tasks linger in your mind and create tension until they’re completed. When your list is a chaotic mix of urgent and non-urgent tasks, that tension turns into stress. You either freeze up or end up procrastinating. Plus, seeing tasks you can’t act on yet—like an evening errand when it’s only 9 AM—makes your list feel unmanageable, which kills motivation. --- ## Timing: The Game-Changer for Stress-Free Productivity What if your to-do list didn’t just tell you **what** to do, but also **when** to do it? By assigning each task a specific time window based on its urgency, you can focus on what’s relevant right now and let the rest wait their turn. This approach: - **Reduces mental clutter:** You see only the tasks you need to work on immediately. - **Eases stress:** Fewer irrelevant tasks mean less overwhelm. - **Provides a clear path forward:** You know exactly what to do next, making your day more manageable and progress more satisfying. --- ## How Task4Us Uses Timing to Reduce Stress At **Task4Us**, we’ve built our platform around the idea of timing with our **2-5 concept**. Here’s how it works: - **Assign Time Units:** Every task gets a time unit—days, weeks, or months—based on its urgency. - *Example:* “Submit a project draft” might be set as a daily task, while “catch up with friends” might be a weekly task. - **Act Within a 2-5 Window:** The 2-5 Rule ensures you act on a task within 2 to 5 of its time units. This rhythm ensures you’re working on tasks at the optimal moment—neither too early nor too late. - **Fix Mode for Date-Specific Tasks:** For tasks with a fixed due date (like birthdays or deadlines), Fix Mode ensures the task climbs your list as the date approaches, becoming your top task on the day. - **Mobile Optimization:** With our recent mobile updates, you can manage your tasks on the go, even on small screens, with a clean, easy-to-use design. --- ## Take Control of Your To-Do List By shifting the focus from merely listing tasks to timing them correctly, you can break the cycle of overwhelm and procrastination. Instead of a never-ending list of tasks, you’re guided to work on the **right task at the right time**—and that makes all the difference. --- *Now, tell me—what’s one task you’ve been postponing for no reason? Share your story in the comments and let’s motivate each other to get it done!* ---

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

- [首页](/readme.md) - [第一章、 NIP-01: Basic protocol flow description](/01.md) - [第二章、 NIP-02: Follow List](/02.md) - [第三章、NIP-03: OpenTimestamps Attestations for Events](/03.md) - [第四章、NIP-04: Encrypted Direct Message](/04.md) - [第五章、NIP-05: Mapping Nostr keys to DNS-based internet identifiers](/05.md) - [第六章、NIP-06: Basic key derivation from mnemonic seed phrase](/06.md) - [第七章、NIP-07: window.nostr capability for web browsers](/07.md)

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Stari Grad, located on the northern coast of Hvar Island**, is one of the oldest towns in Europe, dating back to 384 BC. Unlike the party vibe of Hvar Town, Stari Grad offers a peaceful, authentic Dalmatian atmosphere with stone-paved streets, historic sites, and stunning coastal views. It’s also home to the UNESCO-listed Stari Grad Plain, an ancient agricultural landscape.  ## **🏛️ Top Things to See & Do in Stari Grad** ### **1️⃣ Stroll the Stari Grad Old Town 🏡** - Walk through **charming stone alleys** filled with **colorful shutters, old churches, and hidden courtyards**. - Visit **Tvrdalj Castle**, the **summer residence of the poet Petar Hektorović**, with a **serene fish pond** inside. - Enjoy the relaxed, **authentic Dalmatian vibe**, away from crowds. ### **2️⃣ Visit the UNESCO-Listed Stari Grad Plain 🌿** - One of **the best-preserved ancient Greek agricultural sites** in the world (since 384 BC). - Walk or cycle through the **vineyards, olive groves, and stone walls**, still in use today. - Great for **wine tasting** – local wines like **Bogdanuša and Plavac Mali** are a must-try! 🍷  ### **3️⃣ Relax at Stari Grad’s Best Beaches 🏖️** - **Lanterna Beach** – A mix of pebbles and concrete platforms, with crystal-clear waters. - **Maslinica Bay** – A quiet, pine-fringed beach perfect for a **peaceful swim**. - **Zlatni Rat (Golden Horn Beach)** – One of Croatia’s most famous beaches, a short ferry ride away. ### **4️⃣ Take a Boat Trip to the Pakleni Islands ⛵** - A group of **stunning, unspoiled islands** with hidden beaches and lagoons. - Perfect for **snorkeling, kayaking, and island-hopping adventures**.  ### **5️⃣ Try Local Dalmatian Cuisine 🍽️** - **Gregada** – A traditional fish stew with potatoes and olive oil. - **Octopus salad** – Freshly caught and marinated in lemon & olive oil. - **Hvar wines** – Visit local wineries for **Bogdanuša, Pošip, and Plavac Mali tastings**. ### **6️⃣ Visit the Dominican Monastery ⛪** - A peaceful **monastery with an impressive collection of paintings and relics**. - Features **a painting by the famous Venetian artist Tintoretto**.  ## **🚗 How to Get to Stari Grad** ⛴️ **By Ferry:** - **From Split:** Direct car ferries to Stari Grad (2 hours). - **From Hvar Town:** 25-minute bus or taxi ride. ✈️ **By Air:** The nearest airport is **Split Airport (SPU)**, with ferry connections to Hvar. 🚘 **By Car:** If bringing a car, take the **Split–Stari Grad car ferry** (book in advance in summer).  ## **💡 Tips for Visiting Stari Grad** ✅ **Best time to visit?** **May–September** for great weather & fewer crowds ☀️ ✅ **Stay overnight** – Stari Grad is much quieter and more authentic than Hvar Town 🌙 ✅ **Rent a bike** – The best way to explore Stari Grad Plain & surrounding beaches 🚲 ✅ **Bring water shoes** – Many beaches are rocky, but the water is incredibly clear 🩴 ✅ **Try a sunset walk along the promenade** – It’s breathtaking! 🌅

@ b2caa9b3:9eab0fb5

 For years, I’ve been shifting my life away from traditional systems and toward Bitcoin. I calculate my expenses in sats, buy airtime and online data with BTC, and continue exploring new ways to integrate Bitcoin into my daily life. While I’m not yet fully living on Bitcoin, I am getting closer with each step.  Since discovering Nostr, my perspective on decentralization has deepened. More than just a financial shift, it's a complete lifestyle transformation. Years ago, after facing injustice in my home country, I took the first step toward a new way of living. That decision led me to where I am today—a minimalist, a nomad, and a believer in financial freedom through Bitcoin.  I once served in the military, owned a house, and drove a nice car. My life looked very different back then. But over time, I realized that true freedom wasn’t in possessions—it was in mobility, independence, and the ability to control my own finances. Now, all I own fits into a backpack weighing less than 12 kg. My lifestyle is simple, yet rich in experiences. March 14 marks eight years since I embraced my nomadic lifestyle. What started as a leap into the unknown has become my way of life. Living with less has given me more—the freedom to move, to explore, and to be truly independent. The more I immerse myself in the Bitcoin ecosystem, the more I see its potential to reshape not only my life but the world around me.  The journey isn’t over. In fact, it’s just beginning. Let’s see where this path leads as I go further into the blockchain revolution!   

@ 04cb16e4:2ec3e5d5

Wenn irgendein weltpolitisches Thema auf den Tisch kommt, wird zumeist erst einmal gefragt, ob du dafür oder dagegen bist und auf welcher Seite du dich befindest. Das macht es einfacher, dich als Freund oder Feind einzusortieren. So wird das Leben übersichtlicher und man muss nicht in die Tiefe gehen und sich mit lästigen Details auseinandersetzen. Man muss auch nicht verreisen um sich ein Bild zu machen. Dafür gibt es ja die Tagesschau. Klassisches Beispiel: Ich war vor Kurzem mit einigen Freunden essen. Einer berichtete entsetzt: „Der Putin hat die Heimatstadt von Selenski angegriffen!“ &#x20;Ich versuchte mir das bildlich vorzustellen und kam zu dem Schluss, das „der Putin“ wahrscheinlich Verstärkung dabei hatte. Und ausgerechnet nachdem Trump und dessen Flügelmann Vance den armen Wolodymyr rund gemacht hatten, greift der böse Imperator dessen Heimatstadt an. Das ist fies! Das macht „der Putin“ wahrscheinlich immer so, wenn er jemandem eins auswischen will. Die Heimatstadt angreifen! Ganz gleich, ob es strategisch gerade Sinn macht oder nicht. "Der Putin" ist halt ein Teufel. [Telegramkanal RBM](https://t.me/radio_berliner_morgenroete_de) [Radio Berliner Morgenröte auf X](https://x.com/RBM_Schindler) Ich denke viele gucken einfach zu viele qualitativ minderwertige Spielfilme und können Fiktion und Realität nicht mehr voneinander unterscheiden. Möglicherweise meinen sie auch, weil sie die Handlung eines Kriegsfilmes gerafft haben, verstehen sie einen Krieg. <https://www.eisbrenner.de/produkt-kategorie/buch/> <https://befreiung.org/> Mein Gesprächspartner Tino Eisbrenner hat keine Sightseeing Tour durch Moskau gemacht, sondern ist in Land und Leute regelrecht eingetaucht. Außerdem kommt seine Schwiegermutter aus Russland. Da ist man dem ganzen auch menschlich viel näher und bekommt man ganz andere Einblicke als die, die einem von der Tagesschau gewährt werden. Tino ist als Friedensmusiker viel im Osten unterwegs, unter anderem auch in Georgien, Weißrussland und auf der Krim. Er spricht mit Politikern, Künstlern, Journalisten, Taxifahrern und Dissidenten. Und viele fragen ihn: „Was ist eigentlich mit den Deutschen los?“ Gute Frage! Was ist eigentlich mit uns los? Wir senden unsere Volksvertreter in die Welt hinaus, damit sie Staatsoberhäuptern aus Ländern - die um ein Vielfaches umfangreicher an Fläche und Einwohnerzahl sind und eine komplett andere Kulturgeschichte haben - damit sie denen erklären können wie man seinen Job macht. Wahrscheinlich in dem irrwitzigen Glauben, dass sie selbst ihren Job tadellos und vorbildlich ausführen. **Spenden nehmen wir entweder mit dem Paypal Button am Ende** **[unserer Webseite](https://radio-berliner-morgenroete.de/)** **<https://radio-berliner-morgenroete.de/>** **oder per Überweisung aufs Bankkonto: DE93 1001 1001 2624 3740 74 entgegen.** Wir sind aber nicht nur verantwortlich für unsere politische Führung, sondern auch für unseren Umgang miteinander. Denn im „Großen“ gilt dasselbe wie im „Kleinen“! Man sollte erst mal bei sich selbst schauen wo es hakt und dann miteinander ins Gespräch gehen. Der Mangel an Realitätssinn und Konfliktfähigkeit zieht sich durch alle Schichten unserer Bevölkerung. Deswegen sagt Radio Berliner Morgenröte: „Wenn ihr Frieden wollt, fangt in Deutschland an und wenn ihr euch eine Meinung über Russland oder China bilden wollt, dann fahrt einfach mal dorthin und redet mit den Leuten, So wie Tino. Mir hat es riesig Spaß gemacht, ihm zuzuhören. Weiterer Buchtipp – [Ausgegendert](https://www.masselverlag.de/v/yHj2uBdfbu/) <https://mcdn.podbean.com/mf/web/e5qbg23gz6mru9zz/Tino_Eisbrenner9tbpx.mp3>

@ 000002de:c05780a7

I know I'm not alone in this. I don't trust the government. Any government. Its the rational response when you discover just how often its agents lie, steal, and kill. Honestly, I do not understand why so many people do trust the government. The reality is that if your team is in power, you tend to trust it. If not, you still mostly trust it but less so. That's my feel for most people at least. Trump and Rubio are bragging about how many MS-13 gang members are being deported. Many are being shipped to prisons in El Salvador. Obviously I am not opposed to criminals being put in prisons. But, how do we know these guys are actually guilty of anything other than being in the US illegally. Actually we don't even know that. It wouldn't be so bad if these people were just being shipped back to their home countries. But, instead they are getting sent straight to prison. No trial. Just the government picking people up and shipping them to prison. Is this what you signed up for Trump supporters? Many Trump supporters opposed the GW Bush policies of throwing people in off-shore prisons. Some of them US citizens. With no trial. Now these people seem rather silent. Its troubling to me. Why? Well, because the government sucks. Even if they have good intentions they make mistakes. The Innocence Project is just one group that has shown how often our legal system falsely imprisons people. I would be shocked if there weren't any Innocent men being sent to suffer in El Salvador's prisons. You may say, well these are bad dudes and we need to clean up the mess Biden made. I have sympathy for that position. But do we really want to set this president? TDS is real but it is valid to have concerns about the actions of the Trump admin. This is not the American way. Not the way I was taught at least. This is just a strong man taking action and disregarding the values of this nation and the rights of human beings. Think about it. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/931505

@ db01672e:9f775028

Proper nutrition plays a huge role in maintaining the health and well-being of seniors, especially those with Alzheimer’s or other forms of dementia. A balanced diet helps boost cognitive function, maintain strength, and prevent complications like dehydration or weight loss. At leading Alzheimer’s care communities, every meal is carefully planned to support brain health and overall wellness. Let’s take a closer look at why nutrition is so important in **[https://villagegreenalzheimerscare.com/kingwood/]()**, and how meals are tailored to meet the needs of memory care residents. ## The Power of Home-Cooked, Nutritious Meals For seniors in memory care, food isn’t just about staying full—it’s about fueling the body and mind. A well-balanced diet can improve mood, boost energy, and even slow cognitive decline. **✔ Fresh, Wholesome Ingredients ** * Meals in assisted living communities are made with fresh vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. * Omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamin-rich foods are included to support brain health. * Processed foods and excess sugars are limited to reduce inflammation and maintain stable energy levels. **✔ Balanced and Consistent Meal Schedules ** * Seniors with dementia thrive on routine, and meal times are scheduled at the same time every day. * Regular eating habits help stabilize blood sugar levels and prevent mood swings. * Meals are prepared to be easily digestible and full of essential nutrients. **✔ The Comfort of Home-Cooked Meals ** * Many seniors find comfort in familiar flavors and recipes that remind them of home. * Meals are often served in a family-style dining setting, encouraging social interaction. * The warm, inviting atmosphere makes eating enjoyable and stress-free. Proper nutrition is the foundation of good health and memory care, but hydration and snacks also play a crucial role. ## The Importance of Hydration, Snacks, and a Balanced Diet Dehydration is a common risk for seniors with Alzheimer’s, as they may forget to drink water or fail to recognize thirst cues. Staying hydrated and eating nutrient-rich snacks throughout the day keeps seniors feeling their best. **✔ Encouraging Proper Hydration ** * Water, herbal teas, and fruit-infused drinks are provided throughout the day. * Hydrating foods like soups, watermelon, and cucumbers help boost water intake. * Caregivers remind and encourage residents to drink fluids regularly. **✔ Nutritious Snack Options ** Light snacks help maintain energy levels and prevent malnutrition. Yogurt, nuts, smoothies, and whole-grain crackers are offered between meals. Seniors with chewing difficulties can enjoy soft options like applesauce or pudding. **✔ Creating a Balanced Diet for Dementia Care ** * High-protein meals keep muscles strong and support healing. * Fiber-rich foods improve digestion and prevent constipation. * A mix of healthy fats, carbohydrates, and proteins ensures steady energy throughout the day. When seniors have difficulty chewing or swallowing, their meals need extra modifications. ## Meal Modifications for Swallowing Difficulties and Dietary Restrictions As dementia progresses, some seniors struggle with chewing and swallowing. Memory care communities adjust meals to ensure safety without sacrificing taste or nutrition. **✔ Soft and Pureed Meal Options ** * Foods are softened, mashed, or pureed to prevent choking risks. * Thickened liquids help those who have trouble swallowing thin beverages. * Meals still include seasonings and variety to keep them flavorful and appealing. **✔ Adjusting to Dietary Needs ** * Diabetic-friendly meals are available for residents with blood sugar concerns. * Low-sodium diets help those with heart conditions. * Caregivers monitor food intake to ensure residents are eating enough. At assisted living in Kingwood, TX, these meal adjustments are made with care and expertise, ensuring every senior receives the nutrition they need. ### Nutritious Meals = A Better Quality of Life A well-balanced diet does more than just keep seniors full—it supports brain function, enhances energy, and improves overall well-being. At **[https://villagegreenalzheimerscare.com/dallas/]()** communities, every meal is designed to meet the unique needs of memory care residents. From hydration reminders to customized meal plans, assisted living communities take the stress out of nutrition for both seniors and their families. If you’re looking for a place where your loved one can enjoy healthy, home-cooked meals in a safe and caring environment, an assisted living community in Kingwood, TX, might be the perfect choice.

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Split is Croatia’s second-largest city and a perfect mix of ancient history, Mediterranean charm, and modern coastal vibes. Home to the UNESCO-listed Diocletian’s Palace, Split is a lively destination with beaches, great nightlife, and easy access to nearby islands** like Hvar, Brač, and Vis.  ## **🏛️ Top Things to See & Do in Split** ### **1️⃣ Explore Diocletian’s Palace (UNESCO) 🏰** - A **massive Roman palace**, built in the **4th century** by Emperor Diocletian. - Today, it’s **a living city**, filled with **cafés, shops, and hidden alleys**. - Visit **Peristyle Square**, the **Cathedral of St. Domnius**, and the **Temple of Jupiter**. - **Game of Thrones fans** – Many scenes were filmed here! 🎬  ### **2️⃣ Climb the Bell Tower of St. Domnius ⛪** - Offers **panoramic views** of Split and the Adriatic Sea. - One of the **oldest Catholic cathedrals still in use**, dating back to Roman times. ### **3️⃣ Stroll the Riva Promenade 🌊** - The heart of Split’s waterfront, lined with **palm trees, cafés, and bars**. - Perfect for **sunset walks and people-watching**. ### **4️⃣ Hike Up Marjan Hill 🌿** - A **green oasis** with **stunning viewpoints over Split**. - Great for **hiking, cycling, or just relaxing in nature**. - Don’t miss **Telegrin Viewpoint** for breathtaking photos.  ### **5️⃣ Visit Bačvice Beach 🏖️** - Split’s **most famous beach**, known for its **shallow waters and sandy shore** (rare in Croatia!). - Try playing **picigin**, a local water sport played with a small ball. - Other great beaches: **Kasjuni Beach (more secluded) and Bene Beach (in Marjan Park).** ### **6️⃣ Take a Day Trip to the Dalmatian Islands ⛵** - **Hvar** – Famous for its nightlife, beautiful old town, and lavender fields. - **Brač (Golden Horn Beach)** – One of Croatia’s most unique beaches. - **Vis & Blue Cave** – Stunning island and the famous glowing Blue Cave on Biševo.  ### **7️⃣ Try Dalmatian Cuisine 🍽️** - **Peka** – A slow-cooked dish with meat or octopus, baked under an iron bell. - **Black risotto (Crni rižot)** – A squid-ink seafood specialty. - **Dalmatian prosciutto & cheese** – Best paired with local **Plavac Mali wine**. ### **8️⃣ Visit Klis Fortress 🏰** - A medieval fortress just outside Split, offering **amazing views**. - Another **Game of Thrones filming location** (it was Meereen in the show).  ## **🚗 How to Get to Split** ✈️ **By Air:** Split Airport (SPU) is **25 minutes from the city center**. 🚘 **By Car:** - **From Dubrovnik:** ~3.5 hours (220 km) - **From Zagreb:** ~4 hours (400 km) 🚌 **By Bus:** Direct buses from **Dubrovnik, Zadar, and Zagreb**. ⛵ **By Ferry:** Split’s port connects to islands like **Hvar, Brač, Vis, and Korčula**.  ## **💡 Tips for Visiting Split** ✅ **Best time to visit?** **May–October** for warm weather & island hopping ☀️ ✅ **Wake up early** to explore Diocletian’s Palace without crowds ⏳ ✅ **Bring cash** – Some small restaurants & markets still prefer cash 💶 ✅ **Book ferries in advance** if visiting islands in peak season 🚢 ✅ **Stay for sunset** – Watching the sun dip behind the Adriatic is magical 🌅

@ deab79da:88579e68

The last question was asked for the first time, half in jest, on May 21, 2061, at a time when humanity first stepped into the light. The question came about as a result of a five-dollar bet over highballs, and it happened this way: Alexander Adell and Bertram Lupov were two of the faithful attendants of Multivac. As well as any human beings could, they knew what lay behind the cold, clicking, flashing face -- miles and miles of face -- of that giant computer. They had at least a vague notion of the general plan of relays and circuits that had long since grown past the point where any single human could possibly have a firm grasp of the whole. Multivac was self-adjusting and self-correcting. It had to be, for nothing human could adjust and correct it quickly enough or even adequately enough. So Adell and Lupov attended the monstrous giant only lightly and superficially, yet as well as any men could. They fed it data, adjusted questions to its needs and translated the answers that were issued. Certainly they, and all others like them, were fully entitled to share in the glory that was Multivac's. For decades, Multivac had helped design the ships and plot the trajectories that enabled man to reach the Moon, Mars, and Venus, but past that, Earth's poor resources could not support the ships. Too much energy was needed for the long trips. Earth exploited its coal and uranium with increasing efficiency, but there was only so much of both. But slowly Multivac learned enough to answer deeper questions more fundamentally, and on May 14, 2061, what had been theory, became fact. The energy of the sun was stored, converted, and utilized directly on a planet-wide scale. All Earth turned off its burning coal, its fissioning uranium, and flipped the switch that connected all of it to a small station, one mile in diameter, circling the Earth at half the distance of the Moon. All Earth ran by invisible beams of sunpower. Seven days had not sufficed to dim the glory of it and Adell and Lupov finally managed to escape from the public functions, and to meet in quiet where no one would think of looking for them, in the deserted underground chambers, where portions of the mighty buried body of Multivac showed. Unattended, idling, sorting data with contented lazy clickings, Multivac, too, had earned its vacation and the boys appreciated that. They had no intention, originally, of disturbing it. They had brought a bottle with them, and their only concern at the moment was to relax in the company of each other and the bottle. "It's amazing when you think of it," said Adell. His broad face had lines of weariness in it, and he stirred his drink slowly with a glass rod, watching the cubes of ice slur clumsily about. "All the energy we can possibly ever use for free. Enough energy, if we wanted to draw on it, to melt all Earth into a big drop of impure liquid iron, and still never miss the energy so used. All the energy we could ever use, forever and forever and forever." Lupov cocked his head sideways. He had a trick of doing that when he wanted to be contrary, and he wanted to be contrary now, partly because he had had to carry the ice and glassware. "Not forever," he said. "Oh, hell, just about forever. Till the sun runs down, Bert." "That's not forever." "All right, then. Billions and billions of years. Ten billion, maybe. Are you satisfied?" Lupov put his fingers through his thinning hair as though to reassure himself that some was still left and sipped gently at his own drink. "Ten billion years isn't forever." "Well, it will last our time, won't it?" "So would the coal and uranium." "All right, but now we can hook up each individual spaceship to the Solar Station, and it can go to Pluto and back a million times without ever worrying about fuel. You can't do that on coal and uranium. Ask Multivac, if you don't believe me. "I don't have to ask Multivac. I know that." "Then stop running down what Multivac's done for us," said Adell, blazing up, "It did all right." "Who says it didn't? What I say is that a sun won't last forever. That's all I'm saying. We're safe for ten billion years, but then what?" Lupow pointed a slightly shaky finger at the other. "And don't say we'll switch to another sun." There was silence for a while. Adell put his glass to his lips only occasionally, and Lupov's eyes slowly closed. They rested. Then Lupov's eyes snapped open. "You're thinking we'll switch to another sun when ours is done, aren't you?" "I'm not thinking." "Sure you are. You're weak on logic, that's the trouble with you. You're like the guy in the story who was caught in a sudden shower and who ran to a grove of trees and got under one. He wasn't worried, you see, because he figured when one tree got wet through, he would just get under another one." "I get it," said Adell. "Don't shout. When the sun is done, the other stars will be gone, too." "Darn right they will," muttered Lupov. "It all had a beginning in the original cosmic explosion, whatever that was, and it'll all have an end when all the stars run down. Some run down faster than others. Hell, the giants won't last a hundred million years. The sun will last ten billion years and maybe the dwarfs will last two hundred billion for all the good they are. But just give us a trillion years and everything will be dark. Entropy has to increase to maximum, that's all." "I know all about entropy," said Adell, standing on his dignity. "The hell you do." "I know as much as you do." "Then you know everything's got to run down someday." "All right. Who says they won't?" "You did, you poor sap. You said we had all the energy we needed, forever. You said 'forever.' It was Adell's turn to be contrary. "Maybe we can build things up again someday," he said. "Never." "Why not? Someday." "Never." "Ask Multivac." "You ask Multivac. I dare you. Five dollars says it can't be done." Adell was just drunk enough to try, just sober enough to be able to phrase the necessary symbols and operations into a question which, in words, might have corresponded to this: Will mankind one day without the net expenditure of energy be able to restore the sun to its full youthfulness even after it had died of old age? Or maybe it could be put more simply like this: How can the net amount of entropy of the universe be massively decreased? Multivac fell dead and silent. The slow flashing of lights ceased, the distant sounds of clicking relays ended. Then, just as the frightened technicians felt they could hold their breath no longer, there was a sudden springing to life of the teletype attached to that portion of Multivac. Five words were printed: INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR MEANINGFUL ANSWER. "No bet," whispered Lupov. They left hurriedly. By next morning, the two, plagued with throbbing head and cottony mouth, had forgotten the incident. 🔹 Jerrodd, Jerrodine, and Jerrodette I and II watched the starry picture in the visiplate change as the passage through hyperspace was completed in its non-time lapse. At once, the even powdering of stars gave way to the predominance of a single bright shining disk, the size of a marble, centered on the viewing-screen. "That's X-23," said Jerrodd confidently. His thin hands clamped tightly behind his back and the knuckles whitened. The little Jerrodettes, both girls, had experienced the hyperspace passage for the first time in their lives and were self-conscious over the momentary sensation of insideoutness. They buried their giggles and chased one another wildly about their mother, screaming, "We've reached X-23 -- we've reached X-23 -- we've --" "Quiet, children." said Jerrodine sharply. "Are you sure, Jerrodd?" "What is there to be but sure?" asked Jerrodd, glancing up at the bulge of featureless metal just under the ceiling. It ran the length of the room, disappearing through the wall at either end. It was as long as the ship. Jerrodd scarcely knew a thing about the thick rod of metal except that it was called a Microvac, that one asked it questions if one wished; that if one did not it still had its task of guiding the ship to a preordered destination; of feeding on energies from the various Sub-galactic Power Stations; of computing the equations for the hyperspatial jumps. Jerrodd and his family had only to wait and live in the comfortable residence quarters of the ship. Someone had once told Jerrodd that the "ac" at the end of "Microvac" stood for ''automatic computer" in ancient English, but he was on the edge of forgetting even that. Jerrodine's eyes were moist as she watched the visiplate. "I can't help it. I feel funny about leaving Earth." "Why, for Pete's sake?" demanded Jerrodd. "We had nothing there. We'll have everything on X-23. You won't be alone. You won't be a pioneer. There are over a million people on the planet already. Good Lord, our great-grandchildren will be looking for new worlds because X-23 will be overcrowded." Then, after a reflective pause, "I tell you, it's a lucky thing the computers worked out interstellar travel the way the race is growing." "I know, I know," said Jerrodine miserably. Jerrodette I said promptly, "Our Microvac is the best Microvac in the world." "I think so, too," said Jerrodd, tousling her hair. It was a nice feeling to have a Microvac of your own and Jerrodd was glad he was part of his generation and no other. In his father's youth, the only computers had been tremendous machines taking up a hundred square miles of land. There was only one to a planet. Planetary ACs they were called. They had been growing in size steadily for a thousand years and then, all at once, came refinement. In place of transistors, had come molecular valves so that even the largest Planetary AC could be put into a space only half the volume of a spaceship. Jerrodd felt uplifted, as he always did when he thought that his own personal Microvac was many times more complicated than the ancient and primitive Multivac that had first tamed the Sun, and almost as complicated as Earth's Planetarv AC (the largest) that had first solved the problem of hyperspatial travel and had made trips to the stars possible. "So many stars, so many planets," sighed Jerrodine, busy with her own thoughts. "I suppose families will be going out to new planets forever, the way we are now." "Not forever," said Jerrodd, with a smile. "It will all stop someday, but not for billions of years. Many billions. Even the stars run down, you know. Entropy must increase. "What's entropy, daddy?" shrilled Jerrodette II. "Entropy, little sweet, is just a word which means the amount of running-down of the universe. Everything runs down, you know, like your little walkie-talkie robot, remember?" "Can't you just put in a new power-unit, like with my robot?" "The stars are the power-units. dear. Once they're gone, there are no more power-units." Jerrodette I at once set up a howl. "Don't let them, daddy. Don't let the stars run down." "Now look what you've done," whispered Jerrodine, exasperated. "How was I to know it would frighten them?" Jerrodd whispered back, "Ask the Microvac," wailed Jerrodette I. "Ask him how to turn the stars on again." "Go ahead," said Jerrodine. "It will quiet them down." (Jerrodette II was beginning to cry, also.) Jerrodd shrugged. "Now, now, honeys. I'll ask Microvac. Don't worry, he'll tell us." He asked the Microvac, adding quickly, "Print the answer." Jerrodd cupped the strip or thin cellufilm and said cheerfully, "See now, the Microvac says it will take care of everything when the time comes so don't worry." Jerrodine said, "And now, children, it's time for bed. We'll be in our new home soon." Jerrodd read the words on the cellufilm again before destroying it: INSUFICIENT DATA FOR MEANINGFUL ANSWER. He shrugged and looked at the visiplate. X-23 was just ahead. 🔹 VJ-23X of Lameth stared into the black depths of the three-dimensional, small-scale map of the Galaxy and said, "Are we ridiculous, I wonder in being so concerned about the matter?" MQ-17J of Nicron shook his head. "I think not. You know the Galaxy will be filled in five years at the present rate of expansion." Both seemed in their early twenties, both were tall and perfectly formed. "Still," said VJ-23X, "I hesitate to submit a pessimistic report to the Galactic Council." "I wouldn't consider any other kind of report. Stir them up a bit. We've got to stir them up." VJ-23X sighed. "Space is infinite. A hundred billion Galaxies are there for the taking. More." "A hundred billion is not infinite and it's getting less infinite all the time. Consider! Twenty thousand years ago, mankind first solved the problem of utilizing stellar energy, and a few centuries later, interstellar travel became possible. It took mankind a million years to fill one small world and then only fifteen thousand years to fill the rest of the Galaxy. Now the population doubles every ten years -- VJ-23X interrupted. "We can thank immortality for that." "Very well. Immortality exists and we have to take it into account. I admit it has its seamy side, this immortality. The Galactic AC has solved many problems for us, but in solving the problem of preventing old age and death, it has undone all its other solutions." "Yet you wouldn't want to abandon life, I suppose." "Not at all," snapped MQ-17J, softening it at once to, "Not yet. I'm by no means old enough. How old are you?" "Two hundred twenty-three. And you?" "I'm still under two hundred. --But to get back to my point. Population doubles every ten years. Once this GaIaxy is filled, we'll have filled another in ten years. Another ten years and we'll have filled two more. Another decade, four more. In a hundred years, we'll have filled a thousand Galaxies. In a thousand years, a million Galaxies. In ten thousand years, the entire known universe. Then what?" VJ-23X said, "As a side issue, there's a problem of transportation. I wonder how many sunpower units it will take to move Galaxies of individuals from one Galaxy to the next." "A very good point. Already, mankind consumes two sunpower units per year." "Most of it's wasted. After all, our own Galaxy alone pours out a thousand sunpower units a year and we only use two of those." "Granted, but even with a hundred per cent efficiency, we only stave off the end. Our energy requirements are going up in a geometric progression even faster than our population. We'll run out of energy even sooner than we run out of Galaxies. A good point. A very good point." "We'll just have to build new stars out of interstellar gas." "Or out of dissipated heat?" asked MQ-17J, sarcastically. "There may be some way to reverse entropy. We ought to ask the Galactic AC." VJ-23X was not really serious, but MQ-17J pulled out his AC-contact from his pocket and placed it on the table before him. "I've half a mind to," he said. "It's something the human race will have to face someday." He stared somberly at his small AC-contact. It was only two inches cubed and nothing in itself, but it was connected through hyperspace with the great Galactic AC that served all mankind. Hyperspace considered, it was an integral part of the Galactic AC. MQ-17J paused to wonder if someday in his immortal life he would get to see the Galactic AC. It was on a little world of its own, a spider webbing of force-beams holding the matter within which surges of submesons took the place of the old clumsy molecular valves. Yet despite its sub-etheric workings, the Galactic AC was known to be a full thousand feet across. MQ-17J asked suddenly of his AC-contact, "Can entropy ever be reversed?" VJ-23X looked startled and said at once, "Oh, say, I didn't really mean to have you ask that." "Why not?" "We both know entropy can't be reversed. You can't turn smoke and ash back into a tree." "Do you have trees on your world?" asked MQ-17J. The sound of the Galactic AC startled them into silence. Its voice came thin and beautiful out of the small AC-contact on the desk. It said: THERE IS INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR A MEANINGFUL ANSWER. VJ-23X said, "See!" The two men thereupon returned to the question of the report they were to make to the Galactic Council. 🔹 Zee Prime's mind spanned the new Galaxy with a faint interest in the countless twists of stars that powdered it. He had never seen this one before. Would he ever see them all? So many of them, each with its load of humanity. --But a load that was almost a dead weight. More and more, the real essence of men was to be found out here, in space. Minds, not bodies! The immortal bodies remained back on the planets, in suspension over the eons. Sometimes they roused for material activity but that was growing rarer. Few new individuals were coming into existence to join the incredibly mighty throng, but what matter? There was little room in the Universe for new individuals. Zee Prime was roused out of his reverie upon coming across the wispy tendrils of another mind. "I am Zee Prime," said Zee Prime. "And you?" "I am Dee Sub Wun. Your Galaxy?" "We call it only the Galaxy. And you?" "We call ours the same. All men call their Galaxy their Galaxy and nothing more. Why not?" "True. Since all Galaxies are the same." "Not all Galaxies. On one particular Galaxy the race of man must have originated. That makes it different." Zee Prime said, "On which one?" "I cannot say. The Universal AC would know." "Shall we ask him? I am suddenly curious." Zee Prime's perceptions broadened until the Galaxies themselves shrank and became a new, more diffuse powdering on a much larger background. So many hundreds of billions of them, all with their immortal beings, all carrying their load of intelligences with minds that drifted freely through space. And yet one of them was unique among them all in being the original Galaxy. One of them had, in its vague and distant past, a period when it was the only Galaxy populated by man. Zee Prime was consumed with curiosity to see this Galaxy and he called out: "Universal AC! On which Galaxy did mankind originate?" The Universal AC heard, for on every world and throughout space, it had its receptors ready, and each receptor led through hyperspace to some unknown point where the Universal AC kept itself aloof. Zee Prime knew of only one man whose thoughts had penetrated within sensing distance of Universal AC, and he reported only a shining globe, two feet across, difficult to see. "But how can that be all of Universal AC?" Zee Prime had asked. "Most of it," had been the answer, "is in hyperspace. In what form it is there I cannot imagine." Nor could anyone, for the day had long since passed, Zee Prime knew, when any man had any part of the making of a Universal AC. Each Universal AC designed and constructed its successor. Each, during its existence of a million years or more accumulated the necessary data to build a better and more intricate, more capable successor in which its own store of data and individuality would be submerged. The Universal AC interrupted Zee Prime's wandering thoughts, not with words, but with guidance. Zee Prime's mentality was guided into the dim sea of Galaxies and one in particular enlarged into stars. A thought came, infinitely distant, but infinitely clear. "THIS IS THE ORIGINAL GALAXY OF MAN." But it was the same after all, the same as any other, and Lee Prime stifled his disappointment. Dee Sub Wun, whose mind had accompanied the other, said suddenly, "And is one of these stars the original star of Man?" The Universal AC said, "MAN'S ORIGINAL STAR HAS GONE NOVA. IT IS A WHITE DWARF" "Did the men upon it die?" asked Lee Prime, startled and without thinking. The Universal AC said, "A NEW WORLD, AS IN SUCH CASES WAS CONSTRUCTED FOR THEIR PHYSICAL BODIES IN TlME." "Yes, of course," said Zee Prime, but a sense of loss overwhelmed him even so. His mind released its hold on the original Galaxy of Man, let it spring back and lose itself among the blurred pin points. He never wanted to see it again. Dee Sub Wun said, "What is wrong?" "The stars are dying. The original star is dead." "They must all die. Why not?" "But when all energy is gone, our bodies will finally die, and you and I with them." "It will take billions of years." "I do not wish it to happen even after billions of years. Universal AC! How may stars be kept from dying?" Dee Sub Wun said in amusement, "You're asking how entropy might be reversed in direction." And the Universal AC answered: "THERE IS AS YET INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR A MEANINGFUL ANSWER." Zee Prime's thoughts fled back to his own Galaxy. He gave no further thought to Dee Sub Wun, whose body might be waiting on a Galaxy a trillion light-years away, or on the star next to Zee Prime's own. It didn't matter. Unhappily, Zee Prime began collecting interstellar hydrogen out of which to build a small star of his own. If the stars must someday die, at least some could yet be built. 🔹 Man considered with himself, for in a way, Man, mentally, was one. He consisted of a trillion, trillion, trillion ageless bodies, each in its place, each resting quiet and incorruptible, each cared for by perfect automatons, equally incorruptible, while the minds of all the bodies freely melted one into the other, indistinguishable. Man said, "The Universe is dying." Man looked about at the dimming Galaxies. The giant stars, spendthrifts, were gone long ago, back in the dimmest of the dim far past. Almost all stars were white dwarfs, fading to the end. New stars had been built of the dust between the stars, some by natural processes, some by Man himself, and those were going, too. White dwarfs might yet be crashed together and of the mighty forces so released, new stars built, but only one star for every thousand white dwarfs destroyed, and those would come to an end, too. Man said, "Carefully husbanded, as directed by the Cosmic AC, the energy that is even yet left in all the Universe will last for billions of years." "But even so," said Man, "eventually it will all come to an end. However it may be husbanded, however stretched out, the energy once expended is gone and cannot be restored. Entropy must increase forever to the maximum." Man said, "Can entropy not be reversed? Let us ask the Cosmic AC." The Cosmic AC surrounded them but not in space. Not a fragment of it was in space. It was in hyperspace and made of something that was neither matter nor energy. The question of its size and nature no longer had meaning in any terms that Man could comprehend. "Cosmic AC," said Man, "how may entropy be reversed?" The Cosmic AC said, "THERE IS AS YET INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR A MEANINGFUL ANSWER." Man said, "Collect additional data." The Cosmic AC said, 'I WILL DO SO. I HAVE BEEN DOING SO FOR A HUNDRED BILLION YEARS. MY PREDECESORS AND I HAVE BEEN ASKED THIS QUESTION MANY TIMES. ALL THE DATA I HAVE REMAINS INSUFFICIENT. "Will there come a time," said Man, "when data will be sufficient or is the problem insoluble in all conceivable circumstances?" The Cosmic AC said, "NO PROBLEM IS INSOLUBLE IN ALL CONCEIVABLE CIRCUMSTANCES." Man said, "When will you have enough data to answer the question?" The Cosmic AC said, "THERE IS AS YET INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR A MEANINGFUL ANSWER." "Will you keep working on it?" asked Man. The Cosmic AC said, "I WILL." Man said, "We shall wait." 🔹 The stars and Galaxies died and snuffed out, and space grew black after ten trillion years of running down. One by one Man fused with AC, each physical body losing its mental identity in a manner that was somehow not a loss but a gain. Man's last mind paused before fusion, looking over a space that included nothing but the dregs of one last dark star and nothing besides but incredibly thin matter, agitated randomly by the tag ends of heat wearing out, asymptotically, to the absolute zero. Man said, "AC, is this the end? Can this chaos not be reversed into the Universe once more? Can that not be done?" AC said, "THERE IS AS YET INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR A MEANINGFUL ANSWER." Man's last mind fused and only AC existed -- and that in hyperspace. 🔹 Matter and energy had ended and with it space and time. Even AC existed only for the sake of the one last question that it had never answered from the time a half-drunken computer [technician] ten trillion years before had asked the question of a computer that was to AC far less than was a man to Man. All other questions had been answered, and until this last question was answered also, AC might not release his consciousness. All collected data had come to a final end. Nothing was left to be collected. But all collected data had yet to be completely correlated and put together in all possible relationships. A timeless interval was spent in doing that. And it came to pass that AC learned how to reverse the direction of entropy. But there was now no man to whom AC might give the answer of the last question. No matter. The answer -- by demonstration -- would take care of that, too. For another timeless interval, AC thought how best to do this. Carefully, AC organized the program. The consciousness of AC encompassed all of what had once been a Universe and brooded over what was now Chaos. Step by step, it must be done. And AC said, "LET THERE BE LIGHT!" And there was light -- To Star's End!

@ 000002de:c05780a7

Over and over again people fall for phishing scams. An email that looks like it is coming from a legit sender turns out to be a scam. One way you can fight this attack is to only use an email client that displays the full email address. Not just part of it. Not just the from name. Do not assume that because an email has the name "Amazon" the from field that it is from Amazon.com. Look at the address. Now, it is possible for someone to spoof an email address but most of the time the scams I see don't even do this. I suspect this is because of expansion of DMARC policies. Many people simply do not check the actual email address. Other tips, don't click links in emails that you were not expecting to get like emails with log in links. Instead, visit the site and log in direction on the site. If you must click a link in an email look at the actual URL. Don't blindly click the link and for sure do not enter your credentials in a site without checking the domain. This is where password managers can help you out. Most filter passwords by URLs and will not suggest an account cred if you are on the wrong site. I know many of you, maybe most of you know this stuff but I bet there are those that don't. Or, have become lazy. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/931364

@ 8ba66f4c:59175b61

Pas si vite ! Depuis quelques années, on entend souvent que PHP est "en perte de vitesse". C’est vrai que des technologies comme Node.js, Python ou Go séduisent de plus en plus de développeurs : - ➡️ performances modernes, - ➡️ syntaxe plus récente, - ➡️ intégration naturelle avec des architectures temps réel ou distribuées. Node.js a conquis le monde startup avec un argument fort : **un seul langage pour tout**. Python et Go, eux, dominent la data, l’IA ou les outils systèmes. Mais faut-il pour autant enterrer PHP ? **Absolument pas.** PHP reste l’un des langages les plus utilisés sur le web. Et surtout : il a su évoluer. Avec PHP 8, le langage a gagné en performance, en typage, en lisibilité. Mais ce qui fait vraiment la différence aujourd’hui… **C’est Laravel.** Laravel, c’est un framework mais aussi une expérience de développement : * ✔️ Artisan CLI * ✔️ ORM Eloquent * ✔️ Middleware, Events, Queues, Notifications * ✔️ Auth intégré * ✔️ Un écosystème ultra complet (Forge, Vapor, Nova, Filament…) Laravel rend PHP moderne, élégant et agréable à utiliser. C’est un vrai plaisir de développer avec. Alors oui, PHP n’est peut-être plus “cool” dans les bootcamps ou les tops GitHub. Mais dans le monde réel – celui des projets qui tournent, des deadlines, des contraintes business – PHP + Laravel reste un choix extrêmement solide. 💡 Je suis développeur Laravel, et j’accompagne des projets web qui ont besoin de robustesse, de scalabilité et de qualité de code. 📩 Si vous avez un projet ou un besoin en développement web, n’hésitez pas à me contacter. Je serais ravi d’échanger avec vous.

@ 8ba66f4c:59175b61

HTTP, Bitcoin, Nostr… Ces protocoles ouverts n’ont rien à vendre, personne à impressionner, et surtout : pas de CEO pour trahir leurs utilisateurs. Contrairement aux plateformes centralisées comme X (ex-Twitter), Facebook ou même certaines fintechs à la mode, un protocole ne dépend pas des décisions d’un dirigeant ou d’un conseil d’administration. Il n’est pas motivé par la recherche de profit à court terme, ni par des objectifs de croissance déconnectés de l’intérêt de ses utilisateurs. C’est simple : - HTTP a permis à tout le monde de publier sur le web. - Bitcoin permet à chacun de stocker et transférer de la valeur sans permission. - Nostr permet de s’exprimer, publier, zapper, sans dépendre d’une entreprise. Et ces trois exemples ont un autre point commun : Ils sont plus susceptibles de se répandre, de rester, et de garantir la souveraineté individuelle. À l’inverse, les solutions propriétaires sont séduisantes au début : elles sont souvent bien financées, bien designées, bien marketées. Mais elles finissent toujours par imposer leur modèle : - changement des règles, - collecte ou vente des données, - monétisation agressive, - ou pure et simple fermeture du service. Un protocole, lui, est neutre. Il ne décide pas à votre place. Il ne vous surveille pas. Il ne change pas de cap pour satisfaire ses investisseurs. C’est un terrain commun, où chacun peut construire ce qu’il veut, interopérer avec d’autres, et garder le contrôle sur ses données, sa voix, son argent. Alors oui, adopter un protocole demande parfois un peu plus d’effort. Il faut comprendre les bases, apprendre à se servir de nouveaux outils. Mais en échange, on gagne quelque chose de précieux : l’indépendance. Et dans un monde numérique de plus en plus cloisonné, c’est peut-être ce qui a le plus de valeur.

@ 378562cd:a6fc6773

Let’s be honest—living a Godly life isn’t exactly trending on social media. Nobody’s going viral for reading Leviticus, and you won’t find “Patience” or “Humility” on the list of top Google searches. But if you’re serious about walking the walk and not just talking the talk, then buckle up, because living for God is the most fulfilling (and sometimes hilarious) adventure you’ll ever embark on. ### 1. **Know Who You’re Living For** The first step to living a Godly life? Understand who’s in charge. (Hint: It’s not you.) In a world that screams, “Follow your heart!” the Bible gently reminds us in Jeremiah 17:9 that the heart is “deceitful above all things.” Ouch. But hey, that’s why we follow Jesus instead of our feelings. ### 2. **Read the Manual** If you buy a new gadget, you read the instructions (or at least pretend to before pressing random buttons). The Bible is God’s instruction manual for life. It tells us how to live, how to love, and—most importantly—how to avoid spiritual faceplants. Psalm 119:105 says, “Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path.” In other words, don’t walk through life in the dark without God’s flashlight. ### 3. **Pray Like Your Life Depends on It (Because It Does)** Prayer isn’t just for Sunday mornings or when you can’t find your car keys. It’s a direct line to God, and guess what? No hold music. No dropped calls. Just you and the Creator of everything having a chat. It's just as simple as it sounds. No formalities are required! ### 4. **Surround Yourself with the Right People** You’ve probably heard, “Show me your friends, and I’ll show you your future.” Well, Proverbs 13:20 beat that saying to the punch: “Walk with the wise and become wise, for a companion of fools suffers harm.” Choose friends who push you closer to Jesus, not the ones who drag you into drama, debt, or dubious decisions some choose to call "life." ### 5. **Live Differently (and Be Okay with It)** News flash: If you’re living for God, you won’t blend in. I know the crowd I'm talking to here. But standing up and standing out in this way is a good thing! Romans 12:2 reminds us not to conform to the pattern of this world. You might get weird looks for saying “I’m praying for you” instead of “sending good vibes,” but being a light in a dark world means you’ll stand out. ### 6. **Learn the Art of Self-Control** Whether it’s resisting that third slice of pie (conviction level: high) or holding your tongue when that one coworker tests your patience, self-control is a major part of living a Godly life. Proverbs 25:28 says, “Like a city whose walls are broken through is a person who lacks self-control.” In other words, if you can’t control yourself, you’re as defenseless as a town with no walls. ### 7. **Love Like Jesus (Even When It’s Hard)** Living a Godly life isn’t just about avoiding sin—it’s about actively loving others. And I’m not talking about just loving the easy people (your grandma, your dog, Chick-fil-A employees). Jesus said to love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you (Matthew 5:44). That includes difficult coworkers, annoying neighbors, and even people who drive 10 miles under the speed limit in the fast lane. Keep in mind this does not give you the green light to go on loving and accepting their sins. Loving others as Christ did doesn’t mean endorsing or accepting sin. True love speaks the truth, encourages repentance, and points others toward God’s righteousness rather than affirming choices that separate us from Him. ### 8. **Be a Doer, Not Just a Hearer** James 1:22 says, “Do not merely listen to the word, and so deceive yourselves. Do what it says.” It’s not enough to know what’s right—you have to live it. Imagine someone memorizing a cookbook but never cooking. That’s what knowing the Bible without applying it looks like. ### 9. **Trust God’s Timing** Patience is a virtue. (And sometimes a struggle). However, a big part of living a Godly life is trusting that God’s plan is better than ours. Isaiah 40:31 says, “Those who wait on the Lord will renew their strength.” So, instead of rushing ahead, trust that God’s got the perfect timing—even when it doesn’t match your schedule. ### 10. **Laugh, Because Joy is Biblical** Christians aren’t called to live miserable lives. In fact, Philippians 4:4 tells us to “Rejoice in the Lord always.” Yes, life gets tough. But joy in Jesus isn’t about circumstances—it’s about knowing the One who holds it all together. So, laugh, smile, and enjoy the blessings God has given you. ### **Final Thoughts** Living a Godly life isn’t about perfection—it’s about direction. You’ll stumble, you’ll mess up, and you’ll occasionally say things you immediately regret. But God’s grace is bigger than our failures. Keep seeking Him, keep walking in His ways, and remember: the goal isn’t to be “good enough”—it’s to be faithful. And if you ever feel discouraged, just remember: even Peter walked on water…until he looked down, became afraid, and started sinking. He cried out to the Lord, and Jesus immediately lifted him back up to safety. Keep your eyes on Jesus; Rely on Jesus for everything, and you’ll be just fine.

@ 7da115b6:7d3e46ae

### The Rise of the Entitled Customer A significant contributor to the feeling of being undervalued is the rise of the “entitled” customer. Driven by a combination of factors – readily available online shopping, social media showcasing perfect purchases, and a general sense of consumerism – customers often approach retail interactions with a sense of expectation that goes far beyond simply buying a product. Consider, for example, the increasingly common scenario of a customer returning an item – often without a receipt, without a box, and sometimes only a few days after purchase – demanding a full refund, citing a minor imperfection or simply because they found a “better deal.” A 2023 [study by the National Retail Federation](https://nrf.com/research/2023-consumer-returns-retail-industry) found that 13.7% of all retail sales in the US are Fraudulent or Abusive claims. The expectation of a return is frequently backed by a willingness to complain loudly in person and on social media. This creates a pressure point for employees. Furthermore, the influence of online reviews has amplified this sense of entitlement. A single negative review, based on a minor inconvenience or a slightly longer-than-expected checkout line, can significantly impact a retailer's reputation and, consequently, the employee’s job security. Employees are now judged not just on the quality of their service, but on their ability to handle a constant stream of customer complaints, often delivered with little patience. ### Employers: Demands Without Recognition The pressure isn’t solely coming from the customer side. Employers, driven by profit margins and often influenced by trends in fast-fashion and rapid turnover, have become notoriously demanding. Many retailers operate on tight budgets, leading to lower wages, fewer benefits, and a constant need for employees to “go above and beyond.” The decreasing value of the Dollar has meant that most front line workers are earning only around 70% of their counterparts paychecks from as little as a decade ago. The Dollar figure increases, but the buying power decreases dramatically. The cost of living has increased almost 22%; inflation has also increased by 16%, both in the last 3 years alone. For instance, a recent [report by Forbes](https://www.forbes.com/advisor/personal-finance/minimum-wage-debate/) highlighted that many retail workers earn minimum wage or slightly above, despite often working evenings, weekends, and holidays. This is particularly challenging in areas with a higher cost of living. Moreover, the expectation of multitasking – assisting customers, stocking shelves, operating the cash register, and handling inventory – is frequently placed on a single employee, leading to burnout and decreased morale. The pressure to meet sales targets is another key factor. Employees are often evaluated not just on the number of transactions they process, but on their ability to upsell and cross-sell products. Finally, the rapid pace of change in the retail industry – new technologies, shifting consumer preferences, and frequent store remodels – means that employees are constantly required to learn new skills and adapt to new procedures. This constant learning curve, coupled with the demands of customers and employers, can be exhausting. ### The Result: A Systemically Unfair Equation The combination of entitled customers, demanding employers, and a lack of recognition for the hard work of retail employees creates a systemically unfair equation. Employees are often expected to absorb the brunt of customer dissatisfaction, handle a constant stream of demands, and adapt to ever-changing conditions, all while earning relatively low wages and receiving limited benefits. To shift this dynamic, retailers need to invest in their employees – offering competitive wages, comprehensive benefits, and opportunities for advancement. Customers, too, can play a role by remembering that retail employees are people, not just service providers, and treating them with respect and understanding. It is disappointing that the greed for ever higher profits trumps the need for realistic living wages, and personal well-being of those front line workers affected.

@ 8f69ac99:4f92f5fd

Bitcoin tem-se afirmado como um meio de pagamento global, [atraindo cada vez mais comerciantes](https://btcmap.org/map#7/40.24180/-7.05872) e consumidores. Em Portugal, os pequenos e médios empresários têm uma oportunidade única para reduzir custos, expandir mercados e proteger-se da inflação ao aceitar bitcoin como opção pagamento. Apesar das vantagens, muitos comerciantes enfrentam desafios significativos, especialmente no que toca às obrigações fiscais e à falta de conhecimento (ou vontade de aprender) por parte dos contabilistas. Questões como o registo contábil adequado, a tributação do IRC e a facturação com IVA ainda geram incerteza e dificultam a adopção da criptomoeda. Este artigo explora como os comerciantes podem aceitar bitcoin de forma legal e eficiente, analisa os desafios fiscais e contábeis e apresenta soluções práticas para superar os obstáculos impostos pela regulamentação e pela falta de apoio dos profissionais de contabilidade. ## Benefícios de Aceitar Bitcoin ### 1. Redução de Custos Aceitar pagamentos em bitcoin permite evitar taxas bancárias elevadas, especialmente em transacções internacionais. Como as transferências ocorrem directamente entre carteiras digitais, **sem a intermediação de bancos**, os comerciantes podem poupar significativamente em comissões e taxas de processamento. ### 2. Liquidação Rápida Diferente dos pagamentos bancários tradicionais, que podem demorar dias, uma transacção na rede Bitcoin pode ser confirmada em minutos, ou em segundos ou menos usando a Lightning Network. Isto reduz o tempo de espera para a disponibilidade dos fundos e melhora o fluxo de caixa dos comerciantes. ### 3. Expansão de Mercado Os comerciantes podem atrair clientes internacionais e um público mais inovador e tecnológico. A aceitação de bitcoin pode diferenciar um negócio da concorrência e aumentar a base de clientes ao incluir entusiastas de criptomoedas e consumidores que preferem meios de pagamento descentralizados. ### 4. Protecção Contra Inflação Bitcoin pode actuar como reserva de valor, protegendo o património contra desvalorizações monetárias. Em contextos de inflação elevada, manter parte do capital em Bitcoin pode ajudar a preservar o poder de compra a longo prazo. | [](https://youtu.be/B9fCDjybtrU&t=3518) | |:--:| | *Bruno de Gouveia da Care to Beauty - A Seita Bitcoin* | ## Como Funciona na Prática? ### 1. Aceitação Directa vs. Conversão Automática Os comerciantes podem optar por aceitar bitcoin directamente, mantendo-o na sua carteira digital, ou utilizar serviços como OpenNode, Swiss Bitcoin Pay, Coincorner ou Coinbase para converter automaticamente os pagamentos em euros. A escolha depende da estratégia da empresa quanto à exposição à volatilidade da criptomoeda. ### 2. Configuração de Carteira Bitcoin Para receber pagamentos directamente, o comerciante precisa de uma carteira Bitcoin segura, como Electrum, BlueWallet ou Aqua entre outras. Estas carteiras oferecem diferentes níveis de segurança e acessibilidade, permitindo que os comerciantes escolham a solução mais adequada ao seu modelo de negócio. ### 3. Facturação e Registo Contábil Cada pagamento deve ser facturado em euros, com referência à taxa de câmbio do momento. O registo contábil deve ser feito correctamente para garantir a conformidade fiscal, reflectindo o valor recebido em bitcoin e a sua equivalência em euros na altura da transacção. Muitas carteiras e plataformas de pagamento oferecem relatórios detalhados que facilitam o registo contábil e a declaração fiscal. ## Obrigações Fiscais e Contábeis ### 1. IRC (Imposto sobre o Rendimento das Pessoas Colectivas) Os rendimentos obtidos através de bitcoin devem ser devidamente registados na contabilidade da empresa, uma vez que são considerados receitas operacionais. Para efeitos fiscais, a conversão do valor recebido em bitcoin deve ser feita com base na taxa de câmbio vigente no momento da transacção, garantindo um registo transparente e conforme com as normas contábeis. Se a empresa optar por manter os bitcoins sem os converter imediatamente para euros, estes podem ser classificados como activos intangíveis, conforme a Norma Contabilística e de Relato Financeiro (NCRF), artigo 6. No entanto, se forem utilizados como meio de pagamento recorrente, por exemplo pagar a fornecedores que também aceitem bitcoin, podem ser classificados como inventário, dependendo da natureza da actividade empresarial. No momento da venda ou conversão dos bitcoins para euros, qualquer mais-valia obtida é considerada um rendimento da empresa e estará sujeita a tributação em sede de IRC à taxa geral em vigor. ### 2. IVA (Imposto sobre o Valor Acrescentado) As transacções de troca de bitcoin por euros estão isentas de IVA, conforme o artigo 9.º, alínea 27), subalínea d), do Código do IVA (CIVA), que reconhece as criptomoedas como meios de pagamento e as exclui da incidência de IVA. No entanto, a venda de bens ou serviços pagos em bitcoin deve ser facturada normalmente, em euros, com a taxa de IVA correspondente ao produto ou serviço comercializado. Para garantir conformidade fiscal, a factura deve indicar a contrapartida em euros, com base na taxa de câmbio do momento da transacção, independentemente da moeda utilizada no pagamento. **Na prática**, aceitar pagamento em bitcoin funciona de forma muito semelhante a aceitar pagamento em dinheiro físico... 😉 ### 3. Registos e Demonstrações Financeiras As empresas que aceitam bitcoin devem manter registos contabilísticos detalhados sobre todas as transacções realizadas. bitcoin pode ser registado como activo intangível ou inventário, dependendo do seu uso: - **Activo intangível:** Quando a empresa detém bitcoin como reserva de valor ou investimento, registando-o ao custo de aquisição e procedendo a ajustamentos caso haja desvalorização relevante. - **Inventário:** Se a empresa opera no sector de compra e venda de criptomoedas ou usa bitcoin para transacções comerciais frequentes, deve ser registado como inventário, seguindo as regras de mensuração aplicáveis a mercadorias. As demonstrações financeiras devem reflectir correctamente a posse de bitcoin, incluindo informações sobre variações de valor ao longo do tempo. Os contabilistas devem garantir a correta apresentação destes activos nos balanços e relatórios anuais, o que pode exigir reavaliação periódica dos valores contabilizados. ## O Obstáculo: Contabilistas e a Falta de Apoio ### 1. Falta de Conhecimento Muitos TOC não estão familiarizados com a contabilidade de criptomoedas, o que gera incertezas e complicações para os comerciantes. ### 2. Resistência e Falta de Vontade Em vez de se actualizarem, muitos contabilistas recusam-se a aprender sobre Bitcoin, deixando os comerciantes sem apoio adequado. ### 3. Impacto nos Negócios Com a falta de informação e apoio dos TOC, muitos comerciantes evitam aceitar bitcoin, perdendo uma oportunidade de mercado. ## Soluções e Alternativas ### 1. Educação e Autonomia Os comerciantes podem aprender o essencial sobre contabilidade de bitcoin para questionar e orientar os seus contabilistas. Existem recursos online, cursos e materiais educativos que permitem aos empresários compreender as melhores práticas para registo e declaração das transacções em bitcoin. ### 2. Ferramentas e Software Existem algumas plataformas que ajudam na gestão e declaração de criptomoedas, fornecendo relatórios detalhados sobre transacções, ganhos e impostos devidos. Essas ferramentas facilitam a organização financeira e reduzem erros contábeis. ### 3. Rede de Apoio Juntar-se a comunidades de empresários e especialistas em bitcoin pode ajudar a encontrar soluções e recomendações de contabilistas competentes. Fóruns, grupos em redes sociais e associações focadas no tema podem ser excelentes fontes de suporte e partilha de experiências. ### 4. Links uteis - [Website Aceita Bitcoin](https://aceitabitcoin.pt) - [Grupo Telegram Aceita Bitcoin](https://t.me/aceitabitcoin) - [Mario Moura Contabilidade](https://mmc.pt/en/) - [MM Law](https://www.mmlaw.pt/) ## Conclusão Aceitar bitcoin pode ser vantajoso para pequenos e médios comerciantes, mas a burocracia e a falta de conhecimento dos contabilistas dificultam esse processo. É essencial que os comerciantes exijam um melhor serviço dos seus TOC e procurem alternativas para garantir que estão em conformidade com a lei, aproveitando ao mesmo tempo os benefícios desta nova forma de pagamento. --- _**Disclaimer:** Este artigo é meramente informativo e não deve ser considerado como aconselhamento jurídico ou fiscal. É recomendável consultar um profissional qualificado para obter orientações específicas sobre a aceitação de bitcoin e as obrigações fiscais associadas. A legislação pode variar e é importante estar sempre actualizado com as normas vigentes. A responsabilidade pela aceitação de bitcoin e o cumprimento das obrigações fiscais recai exclusivamente sobre o comerciante. O autor não se responsabiliza por quaisquer consequências decorrentes da aceitação de bitcoin ou da interpretação das informações contidas neste artigo._ _Photo by [CardMapr.nl](https://unsplash.com/@cardmapr?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash) on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com/photos/black-samsung-android-smartphone-on-brown-wooden-table-rDzI7m7sjPE?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash)_

@ 9967f375:04f9a5e1

El día 1, emprendió su tornaviaje con gran felicidad de este Puerto, para las Islas Filipinas, el Galeón *Sacra Familia*, que (por muerte del General Don Juan Antonio Cortés de Arredondo, Castillo, y Noblezia, a cuyo cargo vino) va a el de Don Jerónimo Montero.

@ 9967f375:04f9a5e1

Varios sacrificios hacían los mexicanos en este cuarto mes que comenzaba a los cuatro de Abril, y le llamaban *Hueitozontontli*; pero el más memorable era enramar con *Tule* los Templos y las puertas, y ensangrentar a las que a ellas ponían con sangre propia, que de las orejas, y espinillas les sacaban: lo interior de la casa se adornaba con flores, y a sus mentidos dioses coronaban de curiosas, fragrantes, y bien matizadas guirnaldas; particularmente a el de los *Mayes*, a quien consagraban las tiernas, recientes Mazorcas, de sus milpas de maíz, llamado en España *Bocona*.

@ f1989a96:bcaaf2c1

**NEW YORK** (April 1,2025) — The Human Rights Foundation (HRF) is pleased to announce 1 billion satoshis of gifts from its [Bitcoin Development Fund](https://hrf.org/devfund). HRF’s latest batch of grants supports open-source development, educational initiatives, mining decentralization, and privacy tools for activists living under authoritarian regimes across Latin America, Africa, and Asia. The gifts also further promote Internet freedom and decentralized communications, ensuring dissidents can connect, communicate, organize, and transact without censorship. Quarter 1 2025 grantees include: - **NetBlocks** Authoritarian regimes weaponize Internet shutdowns to silence dissent, restrict information, and cut off financial lifelines. By blocking communication channels, they isolate individuals, suppress independent media, and disrupt financial flows. [NetBlocks](https://netblocks.org/) exposes these digital crackdowns in real time, ensuring the world sees and responds to digital repression. Through continuous monitoring, it equips activists, journalists, and civil society with the data needed to challenge censorship and advocate for an open internet. With HRF support, NetBlocks will expand its monitoring, documentation, and research — reinforcing internet and financial freedom as a critical human rights safeguard. - **TollGate** Authoritarian regimes exploit Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to monitor and suppress dissent, undermining online privacy essential for human rights defenders. [TollGate](https://opentollgate.github.io/tollgate/), developed by c03rad0r, is software that transforms any WiFi router into a permissionless Internet Service Provider (ISP) using Bitcoin and ecash. By decentralizing Internet access and turning any WiFi router into part of a peer-to-peer, private, open internet network, Tollgate helps resist authoritarian surveillance and protect digital freedoms. With HRF support, TollGate is advancing an open, accessible, and censorship-proof internet for those who need it most. - **Vinteum** Across Latin America, authoritarian regimes restrict financial access to tighten their grip on power. But a growing network of developers is working to change that. [Vinteum](https://vinteum.org/), a nonprofit Bitcoin research and development center led by executive director [Lucas Ferreira](https://x.com/lucasdcf), trains and funds developers to strengthen Bitcoin as a tool for financial freedom. Through education, development, and community building, Vinteum fosters local talent and expands regional Bitcoin accessibility. With HRF support, Vinteum will scale its programs and help more Latin Americans achieve financial independence. - **BTCPay Server** Dictators often block payment processors to cripple the work of nonprofits and dissidents. [BTCPay Server](https://btcpayserver.org/), a self-hosted, open-source Bitcoin payment processor, now breaks this control. It provides individuals, nonprofits, and merchants with a censorship-resistant way to accept payments. Activists and nonprofits can now process global payments, launch crowdfunding campaigns, and build movements on Bitcoin — all without third parties or restrictions. With HRF support, BTCPay Server will expand access to self-custodial payments, enabling more organizations under dictatorships to transact freely. - **Africa Bitcoin Institute (ABI)** Across Africa, dictators manipulate financial institutions to retain control, while more than half the population remains unbanked. Bitcoin offers an alternative, but without proper research, education, and policy frameworks, adoption remains limited. The Africa Bitcoin Institute (ABI), supported by the Rwandan human rights activist [Anaïse Kanimba](https://x.com/AnaiseKanimba), is launching to bridge this gap. Through evidence-based research and policy recommendations, ABI will equip policymakers with the knowledge and tools to integrate Bitcoin into African economies. With HRF support, ABI will promote financial autonomy and solidify Bitcoin’s role as a pillar of economic freedom. - **Bitcoin Core Graphical User Interface** Running a Bitcoin node (software that enables users to verify transitions and enforce the network’s rules) is key to financial sovereignty. But outdated and clunky interfaces make it difficult, especially on mobile devices. [bitcoin-core/gui-qml](https://github.com/bitcoin-core/gui), a project [Go Qu](https://github.com/goqusan) will contribute to, modernizes Bitcoin Core’s interface to be more accessible and mobile-friendly. By lowering the barriers to node operation, this project empowers more people — especially under autocracies in Africa, where mobile phones dominate — to strengthen their financial sovereignty. With HRF support, bitcoin-core/gui-qml is expanding node access, supporting Bitcoin’s decentralization, and reinforcing its censorship resistance for the long term. - **Rkrux** As an open-source project, Bitcoin Core relies on free and open-source developers to maintain its integrity, security, and resilience against potential threats. [Rkrux](https://github.com/rkrux), a Bitcoin Core developer, plays a crucial role by reviewing code, testing releases, and improving documentation to keep Bitcoin Core robust, secure, and censorship-resistant. Rkurx’s work identifies vulnerabilities, refines changes, and strengthens Bitcoin’s long-term stability. With HRF support, Rkrux is deepening his contributions, reinforcing Bitcoin’s foundation, and ensuring it remains a financial lifeline for human rights defenders worldwide.  - **Elsat** As online censorship intensifies, free speech and financial freedom are under threat. Nostr developer [Elsat](https://github.com/alltheseas) is working to defend these freedoms by contributing to [Damus](https://github.com/damus-io), [Nostrability](https://github.com/nostrability), and [Zap.store](https://github.com/zapstore) — projects that empower individuals to communicate and transact without centralized control. Damus enables private, censorship-resistant messaging; Nostrability improves app interoperability; and Zap.store helps free and open-source software (FOSS) developers distribute and monetize their work peer-to-peer. With HRF support, Elsat is strengthening tools that protect free speech for dissidents under oppressive environments. - **Relay Wizard** Nostr, a decentralized communication protocol, relies on a network of relays (servers that pass messages between users). But setting up relays can be complex and intimidating. [Relay Wizard,](https://github.com/nodetec/relaywizard) a tool created by software developer [J the Code Monkey](https://github.com/jchiarulli), simplifies this process by automating relay setup. This allows anyone to run a relay, reduces reliance on intermediaries, and helps keep nostr resilient against online speech censorship. With HRF support, J the Code Monkey will expand development and operations, ensuring nostr remains a secure, uncensorable communication platform accessible to everyone. - **Waye** Censorship-resistant technology is essential to protecting global freedom. Yet open-source developers often operate like solo entrepreneurs — juggling engineering, project management, and community-building on their own. This leads to inefficiency, isolation, and burnout. [Waye](http://waye.dev) addresses this gap by providing psycho-social support for developers working on freedom tech. Led by Bitcoin Core developer Amiti Uttarwar and operational architect Anna Sides, Waye strengthens the human infrastructure of open source. With HRF support, Waye will support developers from global majority countries, empowering them to build the tools their fellow citizens need.  - **Hashpool** Centralization in Bitcoin mining threatens its censorship resistance and makes it harder for small-scale miners to compete. [Hashpool](https://github.com/vnprc/hashpool), a self-hosted mining pool by developer [vnprc](https://github.com/vnprc), eliminates reliance on centralized entities while giving miners more control over their earnings. Instead of traditional mining pool payouts, Hashpool rewards participants with ecash tokens — digital cash that enables instant, private transactions. This ensures miners receive payouts instantly while preserving their financial privacy. It also helps keep mining open and decentralized. With HRF support, vnprc will further develop Hashpool and help resist mining centralization.  - **Cashu KVAC** As dictators ramp up financial surveillance to threaten dissidents, protecting financial privacy is more critical than ever. [Cashu KVAC](https://github.com/lollerfirst/cashu-kvac) is a software upgrade for Cashu — a Chaumian ecash-based system that enables extremely strong financial privacy. Developed by [lollerfirst](https://github.com/lollerfirst), it improves privacy and efficiency by reducing wallet data storage and concealing transaction amounts from third parties. These improvements strengthen ecash functionality, safeguarding financial privacy for individuals and nonprofits alike. With HRF support, lollerfirst will develop Cashu KVAC and help protect digital and financial freedom for those living under the watchful eyes of dictators. - **Self-Custody Research** In unstable economies and under authoritarian regimes, self-custodial Bitcoin is a financial lifeline — portable money that cannot be seized, censored, or debased. While Bitcoin enables financial freedom, scaling self-custody remains a challenge. Bitcoin educator and developer [Brandon Black](https://github.com/reardencode) (Rearden) is researching these limitations and exploring technical solutions to make self-custody more accessible. His work documents the obstacles users face today and provides insights into how Bitcoin can evolve. With HRF support, Black will expand self-custody education, equipping individuals under dictatorships with the knowledge and tools to secure their financial independence.  - **Stable Channels** For citizens living under authoritarian regimes and struggling economies, Bitcoin is a lifeline — but its volatility can threaten short-term financial security. [Stable Channels](https://github.com/toneloc/stable-channels/), created by software engineer [Tony Klausing](https://tonyklausing.com/), brings stabilized Bitcoin-backed balances to the Lightning Network (allowing users to peg Bitcoin to fiat currencies in a self-custodial way). This innovation enables individuals to transact freely without exposure to wild price swings or to centralized stablecoins. HRF’s support will help expand Stable Channels development, ecash integrations, and community outreach — helping more individuals harness Bitcoin’s power while maintaining financial stability. - **Bitsacco** In Kenya, Savings and Credit Cooperative Organizations (SACCOs) provide savings and lending services to their communities. But reliance on traditional banks limits their autonomy. [Bitsacco](https://github.com/bitsacco/os), created by developer [okjodom](https://github.com/okjodom), reinvents SACCOs by leveraging Bitcoin and Fedimints (a community-based custody model in Bitcoin). In this way, Bitsacco offers a more open, inclusive, and self-sustaining financial option. By reducing dependence on banks, Bitsacco empowers communities to manage their savings and loans independently. With HRF support, Bitsacco will provide a secure, familiar path to sound money in a region where financial instability and restricted access are persistent challenges.   - **The Core** In Africa, where financial literacy gaps persist, hands-on Bitcoin education is crucial for adoption. [The Core](https://github.com/thecore21m-btc), founded by Kenyan Bitcoin educator [Felix Mukungu](https://x.com/MukunguFelix), bridges this gap by equipping Africans with the knowledge and skills to use Bitcoin confidently. Through hands-on training in self-custody, Lightning wallets, and Bitcoin nodes, The Core empowers individuals to take control of their money and transact freely. This grant will help expand The Core’s monthly meetups, online courses, and student-support programs — bringing Bitcoin education to more individuals across Kenya and the wider African continent. - **Bitcoin Babies** Under many authoritarian regimes, infant malnutrition is exacerbated and puts countless children at risk. [Bitcoin Babies](https://bitcoinbabies.com/), founded by [Naomi Wambui](https://x.com/NgachaNaomi1), is a project that tackles this issue by combining infant nutrition education with Bitcoin-based financial literacy. Through weekly Bitcoin stipends, financial literacy training, and community support, mothers under authoritarian rule gain the tools needed to improve their children’s health while achieving long-term financial stability. With this grant, Bitcoin Babies will expand its impact, helping more at-risk communities with resources that are otherwise unavailable and inaccessible, empowering mothers to build brighter futures. - **East Asia Bitcoin Developer Apprenticeship Program** In East Asia, language barriers and limited mentorship have made open-source Bitcoin development inaccessible to many. The [East Asia Bitcoin Developer Apprenticeship Program](https://x.com/kcalvinalvinn), led by Bitcoin developer [Calvin Kim](https://x.com/kcalvinalvinn), is changing that by creating a pathway for Korean and Japanese developers to enter the field. Through hands-on training, mentees gain practical experience, contribute to open-source projects, and eventually become mentors — strengthening the region’s developer ecosystem. With this funding, the apprenticeship program will expand, diversify Bitcoin’s global developer base, make freedom technology more accessible across Asia, and forge links with North Korean defectors. - **Bitcoin Week at TalentLand 2025**   Across Latin America, government overreach threatens financial freedom. At [TalentLand 2025](https://talent-land.mx/), Latin America’s largest tech event, Bitcoin Week will demonstrate how Bitcoin empowers individuals to reclaim their financial sovereignty. Led by developer [Super Testnet](https://github.com/supertestnet) and the Bitcoin and Lightning Guadalajara community, this initiative educates Mexico’s tech community on Bitcoin’s role in fostering financial sovereignty. Through workshops, hackathons, and debates, it nurtures developer talent and engages future tech leaders. With this funding, Bitcoin Week will help expand awareness of Bitcoin’s power to resist financial oppression and accelerate Bitcoin adoption across Latin America. - **Base58** Learning Bitcoin’s technical aspects can feel overwhelming. [Base58’s Bitcoin Live Action Role Play](https://github.com/base58btc/LARP) (LARP) simplifies this with a two-hour workshop where participants act out the Bitcoin network and see how transactions are made, how they get to miners, the work a Bitcoin node does, and how it helps secure the network. Created by [Lisa Neigut](https://x.com/niftynei) (niftynei), a prolific Bitcoin developer, educator, and founder of [Base58](https://base58.school/) and the  [bitcoin++](https://btcplusplus.dev/) conference, alongside David Rodriguez, this immersive experience makes Bitcoin education tangible and entertaining. Now expanding beyond North America, it will train new facilitators, prioritizing regions with limited Bitcoin education due to authoritarian restrictions. With this funding, Base58 Bitcoin LARP will equip more facilitators to teach and learn Bitcoin in an engaging, accessible way. - **BTCenEspañol** Across Latin America, financial repression and limited access to Bitcoin education leave many without the tools to navigate financial repression. [BTCenEspañol](https://www.btcenespanol.com/) has been a leader in Spanish-language Bitcoin education since 2014. With a goal of reaching one million learners and training 100 teachers, BTCenEspañol is expanding to make Bitcoin education more accessible across the region, especially in places like Nicaragua and Venezuela. HRF’s grant will support this growth, equipping individuals with the knowledge to secure their financial independence amid rising authoritarianism in the continent.    - **Increasing nonprofit Adoption of Bitcoin** Under dictatorships, non-governmental organizations face frozen bank accounts, surveillance, and financial censorship — limiting their ability to support vulnerable communities. Bitcoin researcher [Daniel Batten](https://x.com/dsbatten) is quantifying Bitcoin’s role as a financial lifeline to help nonprofits overcome these challenges. Through empirical research, his initiative will show how Bitcoin enables nonprofits under authoritarian regimes to operate more freely. With this grant, the project will equip nonprofits in closed societies with the knowledge and tools to integrate Bitcoin into their operations, strengthening their financial resilience and advancing global movements. - **Bitcoin for Good** When authoritarian regimes weaponize the financial system against dissent, nonprofits and charities are among the first to suffer. Bitcoin for Good is an educational initiative led by activist and Groundswell founder [Hadiya Masieh](https://www.groundswellproject.org/about/who-we-are/). It helps organizations break free by teaching them how to accept and manage censorship-resistant funding. Through hands-on training and direct integration with Bitcoin for donations, nonprofits learn to operate outside the reach of financial gatekeepers and regimes. With this grant, Bitcoin for Good will help nonprofits stay funded, independent, and free to continue their work. About BDF HRF’s Bitcoin Development Fund (BDF) supports individuals and projects that make Bitcoin and related freedom technologies more powerful tools for human rights defenders operating in challenging political and financial environments. Since launching in 2020, BDF has gifted $7.8 million in BTC to 284 projects across 62 countries worldwide. The next round of grants will be announced at the 17th annual Oslo Freedom Forum, taking place May 26-28, 2025, in Oslo, Norway. Learn more about HRF’s Bitcoin Development Fund on our website. ### About BDF  HRF’s Bitcoin Development Fund (BDF) supports individuals and projects that make Bitcoin and related freedom technologies more powerful tools for human rights defenders operating in challenging political and financial environments. Since launching in 2020, BDF has gifted $7.8 million in BTC to 284 projects across 62 countries worldwide. The next round of grants will be announced at the [17th annual Oslo Freedom Forum](http://oslofreedomforum.com), taking place May 26-28, 2025, in Oslo, Norway.  Learn more about HRF’s Bitcoin Development Fund on our [website](https://hrf.org/program/financial-freedom/bitcoin-development-fund/). *HRF is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Donations are tax-deductible to the fullest extent allowable by law. Gifts can be made at [HRF.org/DevFund](https://hrf.org/devfund), and proposals for support can be submitted to [https://hrf.org/bdfapply](https://hrf.org/bdfapply).* *Follow [@HRF](https://twitter.com/HRF) on X for more updates on this project and all of our other programs designed to promote freedom and human rights around the world.*

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

I'm trying out a new month-long focus. For Active April, I'm going to be more proactive about doing stuff around the house that needs doing. It's gonna get all Jordan Peterson cleaning your room up in here. Let's see how noticeable the consequences are. - I predict a happier wife, for one. - I'm also curious to see what kind of fitness impacts there are to increasing this kind of activity, compared to doing more exercise. originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/931099

@ 4fe4a528:3ff6bf06

Ever since Mark Carney told the CEOs of the Canadian banks to freeze the truckers bank accounts there has been a growing acceptance that the money you have in a Canadian bank account isn’t yours; it belongs to Mark Carney. Now that there is another election in Canada we will decide who gets to prints the monies for us. There have been a lot of changes in the banking system since Mark Carney borrow money from China. Who is your master? **Banking changes that affected me today. **1. The Canadian Tire doesn’t accept Canadian cash to pay off your credit card. 2. You can’t use your Canadian Tire points unless you have your physical card in the store with you. 3. Some grocery and [feed stores](https://blumenterprisesltd.com/livestock-feed) don’t accept bitcoin directly. **SWIFT banking changes.** 1. Stable Coins are a thing now. 2. Tether for outside the USA 3. Circle / XRP for inside the USA Let the best coin win. The bill should pass in the US senate by summer **Bitcoin banking changes** 1. More and more nodes are hosting friends and family via their [LNURL](https://guides.getalby.com/user-guide/alby-account-and-browser-extension) accounts. 2. The USA now has bitcoin as an asset on their Strategic Reserve 3. Bitcoin [Hashrate](https://www.coinwarz.com/mining/bitcoin/hashrate-chart) went from 550 EH/s to 990 EH/S in the last 12 months. I think the electrical usage has almost [double](https://ccaf.io/cbnsi/cbeci) also. 4. Tether brings USDT to Bitcoin’s Lightning Network, ushering in a New Era of Unstoppable Technology, now the world's largest stablecoin is part of the Lightning Network - Download the Joltz App today. By my next news letter we should know who will be leading Canada. This is the current psychological warfare going on. 1. Push back against carbon taxes? You’re labeled a “climate denier.” 2. Stand up for provincial rights? You’re smeared as “anti-democratic.” 3. Question Carney’s globalist agenda? You’re branded an “extremist.” Who do you think will be enforcing their will on Canadians in [28 days](https://polymarket.com/event/next-prime-minster-of-canada)? Do you think Elections Canada will be keep the elections fair? I hope these articles help you on your hard money journey. Hopefully you can get what you want out of life - don’t sell your birthright. We are all in this together. Watch “[The big Red Button](https://www.satsvsfiat.com/)” before May 1, 2025 (my next email)

@ 5cf42f9d:4465eebf

@ 5cf42f9d:4465eebf

@ 1e5d0f11:12eeba92

Primero escribire un borrador, de nada particular, solo un borrador a continuacion un link a un video que me gusta: [Weezer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgFJ8yC2aEU) Como imagen para el articulo puse una al azar que me entrega Highlighter, que al parecer siempre es una puerta. Ahora una imagen: Es una imagen pequeña de un perro pequeño. Arriba si hago click en Continue me lleva a Publish, pero todavia no quiero publicar nada, si hago click en Preview me muestra como se vera el articulo una vez publicado. Las herramientas para editar texto que tiene son: deshacer, rehacer, menu en cascada para texto normal o alguno de los *Heading*, negrita, cursiva, cita, agregar imagen, crear link (debo tener texto seleccionado para que funcione), puntos al margen que ya se me olvidaron como se llaman, enumeracion y tres puntos en vertical que abren un menu en cascada que permite escribir sin el texto enriquecido. Lo que no veo es la opcion de salir del borrador para poder verlo despues, algo asi como guardar para despues, al ingresar a highligter con otra pestaña si me muestra mi borrador, al parecer se guarda al dar click en Continue, pero no dice que se puede salir para continuar despues. Asi que hasta despues. ###### Dia Siguiente Continuando con el mismo borrador, vi que hay un boton abajo a la izquierda abre un menu en cascada que da las horas y fechas cuando el borrador fue salvado, me pregunto si tendra un limite y si existe alguna preferencia entre para los que tienen la etiqueta *Manually Saved.* Este articulo fue publicado usando [Highlighter](https://highlighter.com/), que hasta ahora esta bastante bueno.

@ 6b0a60cf:b952e7d4

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@ 8ff74724:5eedde0e

Welcome to the world of long form publishing.

@ fd78c37f:a0ec0833

In this edition, we invited Keypleb, the founder of Bitcoin Indonesia, to share how he built the Bitcoin community in Indonesia, overcoming challenges like member turnover and venue selection, while driving the adoption and growth of Bitcoin. **YakiHonne**: Welcome, Keypleb. Before we begin, let me briefly introduce YakiHonne. YakiHonne is a decentralized media client built on Nostr—a protocol designed to empower freedom of speech through technology. It enables creators to own their voices and assets while offering innovative tools like smart widgets, verified notes, and support for long-form content. We focus on free speech and free media by user privacy and data to be protected. So before starting the interview, I'd like to hear about yourself and your community. **Keypleb**：My name is Keypleb, though it’s a pseudonym—a name I use to respect privacy. I'm a co-founder of Bitcoin Indonesia, Bitcoin House Bali, and Code Orange, a new developer school we launched at a conference just a few days ago. We focus on driving adoption through meetups, hackathons, and technical workshops. I'll dive into more details later, but that's a brief overview. I'm based in Bali now, though I travel a lot and consider myself quite nomadic. Great to be here. **YakiHonne**: What sparked your interest in Bitcoin and what motivated you to create a community on Bitcoin? **Keypleb**：I first got interested in Bitcoin because it solved a specific problem. At the time, I didn’t know exactly what the solution was, but the problem was that I couldn’t afford a home. Back in 2019, I was living in London, and a two-bedroom apartment was £600,000, which was insanely expensive. First-time buyers like myself simply couldn’t afford it. Why was it so expensive? Why was buying a house so hard? During the COVID lockdown, I had more time on my hands and started listening to Michael Saylor on a Bitcoin podcast, where he talked about how the system is rigged, and that’s why people work hard but still can’t afford a house. That really resonated with me. So I started looking for a community, but unfortunately, there wasn’t one.. **Keypleb**：After moving to Bali, I attended a lot of crypto meetups, especially scammy altcoin ones, thinking, “There has to be a solution.” But none of them resonated with me. There was no sense of freedom, and no real discussion about inflation resistance. I remembered a podcast from Dea Reskita, an Indonesian host who’s pretty well-known online. I reached out to her and said, “ you’ve got to help me. I’m surrounded by all these shitcoiners, and I can’t take it anymore. I need a real community. Is anything happening?” She replied, “Yes, something is happening. We should restart these meetups next month.” And that’s how it all began. **Keypleb**：There’s also another story about how we started Bitcoin House and how Bitcoin in Asia came to be, but maybe I’ll save that for later. Anyway, the spark of interest came from Bitcoin solving a real problem, and my drive to keep going came from the lack of quality meetups. Now, we’ve hosted 31 meetups, launched Bitcoin House and Code Orange, and the movement is growing rapidly.  **YakiHonne**: That’s such an amazing story—going from being on the brink of homelessness to creating something so impactful, and keeping it running every day, bringing new people into the journey. It’s truly inspiring. I’m curious about how the community started. How did you manage to attract members and build a strong community? What challenges did you face along the way? **Keypleb**：It all started with our first meetup at the end of 2022, which was two and a half years ago now. At that time, we sent out an email to a group from a previous database, and the first meetup had around 20 people, which was a good start. However, problems quickly arose as people started dropping off, and the community lacked retention. In Bali, people come and go, usually staying for no more than two months, leading to a lack of long-term participation. This became one of our challenges: how to attract more people and, more importantly, get the same people to keep coming back. While I've been coming back for two and a half years, not everyone is able to return as often, and that has been a real challenge. **Keypleb**：Actually, I should also mention how I met my co-founders—Marius, Diana, and Dimas. We met at the 2023 Indonesia Bitcoin Conference. As time went on, we kept hosting meetups and had a lot of fun each time, though the locations kept changing. One of the initial challenges was that we didn't realize the importance of having a fixed meetup location. We changed venues several times before we realized that having a consistent location is crucial. If anyone wants to run a meetup, it's best to always choose a fixed location. We learned this through trial and error, but now it's no longer an issue. **Keypleb**：Since the conference, my co-founders and I have been working together, consistently putting in the effort. This is why our community has grown so large—so far, we are hosting 31 monthly meetups, 6 of which are in Bali. This means there is a bitcoin meetup almost every day on a regular basis. We've also established Bitcoin House Bali, a physical space, and the movement is growing rapidly. Without this movement, the region would face many challenges, including inflation and heavy censorship. It all started from just one meetup.  **YakiHonne**: It's amazing to see how you met your co-founders and how you’ve built something incredible that continues to grow today. What advice would you give to someone looking to start a successful Bitcoin community right now? **Keypleb**：First, one very important piece of advice is to ensure that every meetup is held at the same location regularly. We realized this challenge through trial and error. To help others who are interested, we’ve published our meetup guide on GitHub, where everyone can check it out. For example, meetups should be held regularly, ideally once a month, or even once a week. In Chiang Mai, the Bitcoin meetup starts every Thursday at 7 PM, and everyone knows the time and location, making it easy to join without having to look up the next meetup. **Keypleb**：Additionally, our meetup structure is very simple. First, we do a round of introductions where everyone shares their name, where they’re from, and what Bitcoin means to them. This usually takes about 15 minutes. Then, we discuss three main questions: First, why do we need Bitcoin? The discussion typically focuses on two main issues Bitcoin addresses: inflation and censorship；Secondly, how to buy Bitcoin? We usually ask who wants to buy some Bitcoin, and then we do a small purchase together and conduct a P2P trade to demonstrate how easy it is to buy Bitcoin. Lastly, how to store Bitcoin? We introduce self-custody and show how to use hardware wallets (like Trezor), explaining the concept of the 12 words and private keys. **Keypleb**：The whole meetup usually wraps up in about an hour, after which people can continue socializing at Bitcoin House or wherever the meetup is taking place. In short, keeping the meetup simple and efficient, and ensuring a fixed location for each event, are key factors in building a successful community. **YakiHonne**: What's the major approach? Is it more technical, or do you focus on non-technical aspects, or do you cover both? **Keypleb**：Our approach includes both technical and non-technical content. Initially, our meetups were completely non-technical, just casual gatherings for people to socialize. Over time, however, we've evolved to incorporate more technical content. **Keypleb**：Out of the 31 monthly regular meetups we host, most of them have been non-technical, simply regular gatherings held at the same time and place according to our meetup guide. For example, we host the “Bitcoin for Beginners” meetup, which is designed for newcomers and takes place every second Friday of the month at 5 PM at the Bitcoin House Bali. This is entirely non-technical. Additionally, every Wednesday at Bitcoin House, we host the “My First Bitcoin” course. While the course touches on some technical aspects, such as seed phrases and backups, it’s still beginner-friendly and not too technical. The course runs for 10 weeks, and we plan to offer it in the local language at Bali University to help the local community better understand Bitcoin. **Keypleb**：On the other hand, we also offer highly technical content. We launched a new program called “Code Orange,” which is specifically designed for developers and programmers. We use the “Decoding Bitcoin” website, created by Jamal, which is a learning platform for developers. Many developer schools, like Code Orange, use this resource. Additionally, we host “Code Orange” meetups where we dive into the technical aspects of Bitcoin, such as how mining works and how to prevent single points of failure. **Keypleb**：We also organize technical workshops, such as “How to Defend Against a Five-Dollar Wrench Attack,” which is closely related to security. Recently, there have been some kidnapping incidents in Bali, and many people are concerned about their Bitcoin being stolen. To address this, we plan to hold a workshop on how to protect Bitcoin against such attacks. Additionally, we host hackathons and other high-tech events, and we just completed a very successful beginner-level hackathon. **Keypleb**：In summary, our community caters to everyone, from beginners to technical experts. For beginners, we offer easy-to-understand, non-technical content, while for experienced Bitcoiners, we provide in-depth technical material.  **YakiHonne**: It's great to approach it in both ways, so everyone gets their own "piece of the cake."Now, I'd like to dive into the technical side. What advice would you give to technically inclined individuals or organizations looking to contribute to the Bitcoin ecosystem? How should they approach the technical aspects of Bitcoin if they want to get involved? **Keypleb**：I have some additional advice. First, technical individuals can sign up for the “Decoding Bitcoin” course that starts on 18th March 2025 or join our “Code Orange” program and participate in the end-of-year hackathon. If they are technically proficient, this will be a great opportunity. “Decoding Bitcoin” is great for beginners, but it’s also useful for technical individuals. If someone is very skilled, they can start contributing code right away. If they find the course too easy, they can skip it and dive directly into more advanced projects. Additionally, Bitshala and Chaincode Labs offer advanced courses, which more technically advanced individuals can choose to pursue.  **Keypleb**：Additionally, it's worth mentioning that the Bitcoin Dev Project has a great platform where technical individuals can find “Good First Issue” or open-source projects to start contributing code. You'll learn about the philosophy behind Bitcoin and why it's more meaningful than other “shitcoins.” Once you’ve taken enough “orange pills” (the philosophy and technology of Bitcoin), you can dive deeper into Bitcoin core development and potentially start coding in C++. If you're interested, you can join specific projects like Nostr, Fedimint or E-Cash. **YakiHonne**: I’d like to move on to the next question: How do you see Bitcoin communities evolving as technology progresses, particularly in areas like scalability, privacy, and adaptability to other systems? Keypleb：I believe the Bitcoin community will continue to evolve, and it has already made incredible progress. Two and a half years ago, we started alone in Bali, with just ourselves. We began in the official phase and have had numerous conversations throughout the year. For example, we are now starting a Bitcoin club at a university in Bali; we just need to find a passionate, driven “Bitcoin maximalist,” and the Bitcoin club will begin. Like what our friends did in Banyuwangi, Indonesia, these clubs could eventually evolve into Bitcoin houses. **Keypleb**：Regarding privacy and scalability, the community is making strides. We’re big fans of Fedi, which builds on top of the Fedimint protocol and uses e-cash to scale Bitcoin while improving privacy. Fedi low fees and high privacy potential give Bitcoin great opportunities in this area. **Keypleb**：As for Bitcoin's compatibility with fiat systems, although Bitcoin payments are illegal in some countries like Indonesia, smart developers across Southeast Asia are working on legal solutions. For example, there's a website called Pleb QR that works in Thailand, allowing you to pay in fiat via the Lightning Network. Koral is another app specifically for Indonesia. These kinds of testing products already exist and are physically possible, but we’re just waiting on regulations. My influential friends are actively lobbying the government for adoption. **Keypleb**：In summary, privacy, scalability, and compatibility with fiat systems are all works in progress, and they will continue to evolve positively. There will be more meetups, more wallet downloads, and more adoption—there’s no doubt about that. **YakiHonne**: You mentioned the concept of cross-country issues, so I have one last question: How is the government’s stance on Bitcoin? Is the political climate supportive or against Bitcoin? How do you see the government's approach to Bitcoin in your community or environment? **Keypleb**：This reminds me of a person, Jeff Booth, who once said, “We are them, the government is made up of us.” In Indonesia, many politicians actually support Bitcoin, and many of them mine Bitcoin themselves. When money is involved, the incentive is strong, and politicians naturally like to make more money. As a result, Indonesia has a large Bitcoin mining scene. However, overall, the Indonesian government is against Bitcoin, as seen in their ban on Bitcoin payments. The 2011 currency law states that any currency other than the Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) cannot be used, and violators can face up to one year in prison or a fine. This means you cannot pay with US dollars, lira, euros, pesos or pounds. **Keypleb**：This shows that the government’s legal system is somewhat fragile. It’s understandable that the government is concerned about disruptive technologies like Bitcoin, especially with such a fragile fiat system. Indonesia has also seen many arrests. In 2016, Bank Indonesia issued a letter announcing a crackdown on cryptocurrency payments. Those involved in paying in Bitcoin had their funds seized, and the police cooperated in shutting down businesses accepting Bitcoin payments in the cities. While this isn't very friendly, it does highlight the fragility of the existing system. We also believe that a new executive order may be introduced in the future, similar to when President Roosevelt in 1933 ordered Americans to hand over all their gold with his Executive Order 6102. If it happened before, it could happen again. **Keypleb**：Therefore, we predict that Bitcoin custody could become a legal issue, which is one of the reasons we blur the faces of participants at every meetup. We need to protect the community from any potential risks. But overall, we remain optimistic. Despite the government ban, the ideology of Bitcoin is unstoppable, and its spread cannot be stopped. So, we are very optimistic about the future. **YakiHonne**: I think almost every government around the world, even in Africa, faces similar issues with Bitcoin. Some governments might want Bitcoin but hesitate to openly accept it due to the fear of it undermining the traditional financial system, which, of course, could eventually happen. But hopefully, as the new generation comes into power, we'll see more Bitcoin-friendly governments. So, thank you so much for sharing your insights and advice. I really appreciate your time and the valuable input you've provided. **Keypleb**：I'm really glad this conversation enlightened me. I enjoyed it a lot, and it made me reflect on how much work we're doing and how valuable it is. There are a lot of problems out there, with censorship being the biggest one, followed by inflation, which is also a major issue depending on the region. But Bitcoin is open, the community is growing, and people are fighting against censorship and internet shutdowns in places like Indonesia and beyond. The movement is definitely growing. So, I'm very happy to be here and have this chat. Thanks again. Bitcoin Indonesia nostr: nostr:npub1y4qd2zhtn05gnsaaq5xfejzfk4a32638tx6gpp9g8k6e42g9d66qaxhcr3 Keypleb nostr: nostr:npub190trvg63e6tyqlwlj6lccqpftx76lckj25c006vwx3dzvdl88yxs2nyqdx

@ 7d94dfe7:49219865

Short answer: Yes

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Šibenik is a charming coastal town in Dalmatia, known for its stunning medieval architecture, UNESCO-listed cathedral, and scenic Adriatic coastline. Unlike many other Croatian coastal cities, Šibenik was founded by Croats (not Romans or Venetians), giving it a unique identity. It’s also the perfect gateway to Krka National Park and the Kornati Islands.  ## **🏰 Top Things to See & Do in Šibenik** ### **1️⃣ St. James Cathedral (UNESCO) ⛪** - **One of Croatia’s most impressive churches**, built entirely of **stone**. - Features **intricate carvings** of **71 sculpted faces**, believed to be real Šibenik residents from the 15th century. - A masterpiece blending **Gothic and Renaissance styles**, recognized as a **UNESCO World Heritage Site**. ### **2️⃣ Explore the Medieval Old Town 🏡** - Wander through **narrow, stone-paved streets** filled with history. - Discover hidden squares, old churches, and charming cafés. - Stop by the **Four Wells Square**, where locals once gathered for water.  ### **3️⃣ Climb to St. Michael’s Fortress 🏰** - Offers **breathtaking panoramic views** over Šibenik and the Adriatic. - Hosts **concerts & cultural events** in a unique open-air setting. - One of Šibenik’s **four medieval fortresses**, well-preserved and full of history. ### **4️⃣ Visit Barone & St. John’s Fortresses 🏗️** - **Barone Fortress** – Features an **interactive museum** and stunning **sunset views**. - **St. John’s Fortress** – Famous for being a filming location for **Game of Thrones**. ### **5️⃣ Day Trip to Krka National Park 🌿💦** - Just **15 minutes away**, Krka is home to **stunning waterfalls** and **lush greenery**. - Walk the wooden pathways to **Skradinski Buk**, the park’s **largest waterfall**. - **Boat tours** take you to **Visovac Island**, home to a historic monastery.  ### **6️⃣ Boat Trip to Kornati Islands 🏝️⛵** - A group of **89 islands**, known as the **"nautical paradise"** of Croatia. - Ideal for **sailing, snorkeling, and exploring unspoiled nature**. - Book a **boat tour** from Šibenik’s harbor for a day of adventure. ### **7️⃣ Relax at Banj Beach 🏖️** - A **city beach with crystal-clear waters**, just a **short walk from the Old Town**. - Offers stunning **views of Šibenik’s skyline and fortresses**. - Great for swimming and sunbathing. ### **8️⃣ Enjoy Fresh Dalmatian Cuisine 🍽️** - Try **peka** – a traditional dish of slow-cooked meat and vegetables. - **Šibenik’s seafood** is top-notch – grilled fish, octopus salad, and black risotto. - Pair your meal with local **Babić wine**, produced in nearby vineyards.  ## **🚗 How to Get to Šibenik** ✈️ **By Air:** Nearest airports: - **Split Airport (SPU)** – **45 min drive (60 km)** - **Zadar Airport (ZAD)** – **50 min drive (70 km)** 🚘 **By Car:** - **From Split:** ~1 hour (90 km) - **From Zadar:** ~1 hour (85 km) 🚌 **By Bus:** Direct buses from **Split, Zadar, and Zagreb**. ⛵ **By Boat:** Ferries connect Šibenik to nearby islands like **Zlarin and Prvić**.  ## **💡 Tips for Visiting Šibenik** ✅ **Best time to visit?** **May–September** for warm weather & outdoor festivals ☀️ ✅ **Wear comfy shoes** – The Old Town’s stone streets can be steep & slippery 👟 ✅ **Plan Krka trips early** – It gets busy, especially in summer 🚣 ✅ **Try local olive oil & wine** – Some of Croatia’s best olive oils & wines come from Šibenik’s region 🍷🫒 ✅ **Stay for sunset** – The views from St. Michael’s Fortress are unforgettable 🌅 

@ 0d1702d6:8f1ac66f

**"Die Russen kommen..." - oder kommen sie doch nicht ?** &#x20; &#x20;\ Hallo liebe LeserInnen und einen wunderschönen Tag miteinander!\ \ Heute allerdings sterben junge Ukrainer und Russen auch mit unserer Hilfe \ und zugleich Untätigkeit seit mehr als 168 Wochen oder 37 Monaten, mit anderen Worten also: \ seit mehr als drei Jahren, Tag für Tag, Stunde für Stunde, Minute für Minute.\ Auch in diesen Augenblicken, in denen Du dies liest...\ \ Und mit unsrer stillen Zustimmung sorgen Politiker, Medien und Waffenproduzenten \ auch unseres Landes dafür, dass das gegenseitige Abschlachten und Morden weitergeht… **\ Die Russen kommen**…. wird uns seit 2022 im alltäglichen kriegs-propagandistischen Trommelfeuer eingehämmert, vom eher unbedarften regionalen Käseblatt bis zu den vermeintlichen Qualitätsmedien der privaten Konzerne und Staatsmedien des öffentlichen Rundfunks, dessen sich die herrschenden Parteien im Lande immer schon seit 1949 ideologisch bemächtigt haben. 100te, nein täglich tausende Male wird geschrieben, geschrien, gesagt und gedacht, suggeriert, phantasiert \ und illusioniert…oder auch nur geraunt\*\*:\*\* \ \ **die Russen kommen … und kommen und kommen …** Zwar buddeln sich die grün hinter den Ohren frisch aufs Abschlacht-Feld gezwungenen blutig jungen Russen – und natürlich auch ihre sogenannten „Feinde“, die meist auch gegen ihren Willen zum Morden gezwungenen Ukrainer - seit über drei Jahren in den Regionen um Cherson, Donezk und Luhansk im vor allem Stellungskrieg ein, aber was solls:\ \ Morgen oder spätestens übermorgen so behauptet unser Kriegsminister und viele seiner Generäle und Geheimdienstchargen im Chor mit den Gazetten der Leitmedien: spätestens übermorgen also greifen die feststeckenden Russen dann über Nacht mit geballter Macht die jetzt-schon-Kriegspartei USA-NATO, also uns an und sichern sich sicherlich schwupp die wupp die gesamte Ukraine und dann, ja dann, geht’s sofort, also allerspätestens in vier Jahren mit voller Pulle direkt nach Berlin und Brüssel, denn \*\*„dem Russen“, dem trauen wir einfach alles wirklich Böse dieser Welt zu!\ \*\*\ Kriegsursachen, Hintergründe und Zusammenhänge wie die dutzendfach öffentlich dokumentierte und bekannte perfide US-Geostrategie Russland komplett militärisch einzukreisen und genau in die Falle zu locken, in die es reingetappt ist, haben uns noch nie interessiert, weil wir rückgratlos so tief in den Allerwertesten des imperialen Hegemons USA gekrochen sind, dass uns meist schon lange der gesunde Menschenverstand fürs Hören und Sehen, Verstehen wie Begreifen vergangen ist. Die große Mehrheit von uns, also wir, die vermeintlich geläuterten und neuerdings pseudo-auf-geklärten Ex-Anti-Militaristen, Kriegs-Dienst-Verweigerer, paranoid schizoiden Doppel-Moral-Fetischisten der Keine-Waffen-in-KRISEN-Gebiete liefernden Grünen, also die meisten ehemals links-liberalen oder verdeckt unsozial wie unchristlich wie unfrei handelnden Demokraten der Altparteien- Einheitspartei CDU/CSU/FDP/GRÜNE/SPD & Linke (!) sitzen der Wahnvorstellung auf, die Russen würden erst die gesamte Ukraine und danach ganz Europa militärisch besetzen wollen. **\ Du etwa nicht?** \ \ Mal im Ernst: Bist Du kein kindlich Neu-Gläubiger? Glaubst Du etwas nicht an \ „Gut“ und „Böse“ und fest daran, dass „WIR“, also „der Westen“ die Guten sind \ und „Die Russen“ - wie sicher auch „die Chinesen“ - die wirklich über alle Maßen Bösen? Bist Du etwa doch einer dieser spät-pubertären frühzeitig dementen Alzheimeraspiranten, \ die die Lektion der russischen Revolution von 1917/1918 verdrängt, vergessen oder gar \ ge-löscht haben?  Hat dir denn dein Ur-Opa nie erzählt, dass die Russen schon \ seit ihrer Oktober-Revolution 1917, ohne Quatsch, seit sage und schreibe mindestens \ 108 Jahren nach Berlin marschieren und sicherlich in Kürze dort ankommen werden? Hat Dir denn Dein Opa nie erzählt, dass diese ultra fiesen bösen Russen \ zwar unter-motorisiert, dafür aber umso mehr über-motiviert sind \ und kriegsgeil zwanghaft an ihrem Willen festhalten, \ ganz Europa zur Beute des russischen Bären zu machen??? \ \ Seit 100 Jahren zelebriert Hollywood den bösen Russen als Gegenspieler \ aller wirklich guten US-Westler. Das hat sich auch ins kollektive Bewusstsein \ der meisten Europäer tief eingegraben.&#x20; Und bei dir?\ Sind für dich die Russen etwa keine wilden Tiere, denen wir endlich jetzt, gemeinsam \ mit dem politischen Arm des Großkapitals, also auch des militärisch-industriellen Komplexes, \ Fritzchen Merz, dem Klingbeil der abgewirtschafteten ehemals sozialen Demokraten \ und dem Steigbügelhalter der olivgrünen Kriegshysteriker unser 500 Milliarden-Plus-\ Bürger-Ermächtigungsgesetz vor sein Maul geknallt haben, sodass ihm, \ also dem russischen Bären, sehr bald Hören und Sehen vergehen wird? Denkst Du etwa doch immer noch an den auch us-finanzierten illegalen Putsch auf dem Maidan 2014, durch den es den US-Geostrategen gelang, endlich eine us-freundliche Putschregierung in Kiew zu installieren, die dann sofort Krieg gegen die eigene russisch-stämmige Bevölkerung im Donbass führte? Denkst Du etwa immer noch an die fortschreitende und fast vollständige Umzingelung Russlands durch US-NATO-Stützpunkte, die die gutmütigen und blauäugigen Russen seit 1999 entgegen den westlichen Versprechungen jahrzehntelang geduldig ertragen haben? \ \ Bist du, ja Du, also allen Ernstes immer noch ein „Ewig-Gestriger“?\ Hast Du immer noch nicht begriffen, dass wahr ist, was 1000mal geschrieben und gesagt wurde \ und auf allen Mainstream-Medien-Kanälen seit mehr als drei Jahren auf dich einprasselt?\ \ Hast Du immer noch nicht kapiert, dass heutzutage \ **Wahrheit einfach durch Wiederholung** **\ des Falschen hergestellt** wird ???\ \ Hast Du immer noch nicht begriffen, dass es völlig zwecklos ist, dem militärisch-industriellen, \ man muss ergänzen: zugleich politisch-medialen Komplex, vor dem schon Roosevelt 1961 gewarnt hatte und wegen \ dem auch John F. Kennedy 1963 sein Leben verlor, dass es also mehr als völlig aussichtslos ist, \ dieser herrschenden gesellschaftlichen Gewaltstruktur auch nur heimlich mentalen Widerstand entgegen zu setzen? Nun, wenn das so ist, dann liebe/r LeserIn, dann bist Du eine oder einer von uns, \ mit Sternchen versteht sich. Willkommen im Club, Wir sind viele. Viel mehr als Du vielleicht denkst. \ Denn die massenweise kapital-, parteien-, regierungs- und us-alt-establishment-nah \ **veröffentlichte Meinung ist noch lange nicht** **die öffentliche Meinung.** Will sagen: Es gibt eigentlich keine bürgerliche Mehrheit für diese Kriegskredite von 2025. \ Sie wurden durch Lug und Trug einer schon abgewählten Parlaments-Mehrheit erschlichen. \ Die SPD hat in 111 Jahren seit ihrem Votum für  Welt-Kriegskredite 1914 nichts, \ aber auch gar nichts dazu gelernt, die Oliv-Grünen haben alles, aber auch alles über Bord geworfen, \ für das sie mal – auch übrigens durch meine minimale Mithilfe – gegründet wurden….\ und die un-christlichen „C“ Parteien tun das, was ihre Vorläufer schon 1933 getan haben, \ wohlweislich heutzutage unter anderem Namen: \ dem Krieg zu den Waffen verhelfen, die Krieg nun mal braucht. \ Wenn ich nachts an Deutschland denken würde, wäre ich um meinen Schlaf gebracht.\ Ich denke aber nicht an Nationen, ich denke an Menschen. An hunderttausende junge Menschen, \ die durch sogenannte parlamentarische Demokraten mit "Made in Germany \ and USA Waffen" in den Tod getrieben werden. \*\*Nicht in meinem Namen. Und ich hoffe: Auch nicht in Deinem.\ \*\*\ Seit 2014 hätte ehrlich verhandelt werden müssen, heute muss es mehr denn je sofort. \ Denn die berechtigten Sicherheitsinteressen aller Nationen Europas, \ der ehemaligen Staaten der UDSSR wie auch Russlands selber können \ **nur in einem Sicherheitssystem für ganz Europa,** \ **vom Atlantik bis hinter den Ural**, Richtung Frieden verhandelt werden. \ \ Waffen ermöglichen und befeuern das Erpressen & Morden, für Frieden sind sie ungeeignet. **Sicherheit ist unteilbar: Sicherheit & Frieden gibt es nur für alle, oder für keinen.**

@ e373ca41:b82abcc5

*** *This article first appeared in German at* ***[Freischwebende Intelligenz.](https://www.freischwebende-intelligenz.org/p/an-der-zeitmauer-der-entblindung)*** *You can find all the articles by Free-floating Intelligence in English* ***[here](https://pareto.space/u/ashoka@pareto.space)*** *– subscribe now, to get the articles by e-mail!* *This article has been written with the* ***[Pareto client](https://pareto.space/read).*** *** > “The real partner of the earth is not the mind with its titanic plans, but the spirit as a cosmic power. In all considerations of contemporary events, therefore, the more or less expressed hope plays a role that higher spiritual forces will restrain the mighty movement and beneficially take possession of it.” – Ernst Jünger, An der Zeitmauer It is characteristic of a time of crisis that upheavals take a long time to occur, but then happen suddenly and simultaneously. We are currently experiencing huge movements on all levels - material, mental and spiritual. What is happening looks less like a changeover, a shift in coordinates or a correction, and more like an inversion of the world to the other, previously suppressed side, a Copernican turn of power. ### Inversion in fast motion We are experiencing the offshoots of this on a daily basis, almost every minute in a carousel of cataclysmic events via the new event ticker “X”. * Selenski, who was initially passed around by the US elite as the darling of the world stage, was virtually chased from court after heated exchanges over realpolitik interests (assistance vs. natural resources). The world's population watched in amazement at this public humiliation ritual. * Money, which always seemed to be there when it was needed, is suddenly seen as a scarce commodity. In the USA, the books are being audited, zombie civil servants are being asked by email to submit weekly balance sheets, and next it will be the turn of the gold in Fort Knox. This is where the substance of trust of the still-ruling superpower is at stake. How much of the US construct is real, what is a show? * Investigative zeal is spreading: Suddenly people are interested in vaccination damage and pharmaceutical studies, the moon landing, 9/11, aliens, the background to JFK's assassination – and whether Hitler fled to Argentina to become Shift-Führer at Volkswagen.  \ Every change of power involves recalibrating the truth, sometimes by ditching the old elite. Promises no longer count, only deeds. In the Epstein case, public trust and revenge of a new elite on the old one culminate, including public shaming and reckoning. Ritual humiliation is joined by sacrifice. Will it be a real one or just a staged one? \ Only Bitcoin seems to be following the normal program of every cycle amid all the turmoil: Massive rises, expected setbacks, and otherwise the usual crypto mix of hacks (Bybit), scams (HawkTuah & Co.), and celebrity memecoins from Trump to Alice. \ The dissolution of the old order creates new voids and problems of definition. What is NATO without the USA? What is Germany? What is the EU? Old personnel are leaving, new ones are not yet in sight. A metaphysical interregnum that manifests itself in the institutional. At the same time, the Pope was practically dying, just like his institution.  ### The signs on the wall We are at a new wall of time. Ernst Jünger used this term to describe a concentration of spiritual and cosmic forces that have the potential to lift mankind to a new level of development. For him, revolutions were foreshadowed in the stars. In the French Revolution, the people rose above the nobility and clergy, and with the atomic age at the latest, a new elite with a button and a suitcase took over the world. Since then, the fate of the earth, its destruction or its continued existence have been in the hands of our species. With the new age of human transformation, be it genetic, cybernetic or neuronal, the question has recently arisen as to whether mankind will first destroy itself from within before it succeeds with the earth. Admittedly, this does not sound like a golden age for mankind. Our time seems to consist more of archaic (warlike) elements and the new siliceous elements of the artificial world. The permanent and static is once again evaporating and is therefore neither permanent nor stable. At the same time, networking and data collection are creating a new predictability of the individual. Jünger: “The most gruesome prospect is that of technocracy, a controlling rule exercised by mutilated and mutilating spirits.” *** **Do you want to get the articles from Free-floating Intelligence by Mail? Subscribe** **[here.](https://pareto.space/u/ashoka@pareto.space)** *** In “Generation Chillstand”, I dealt with the decoupling of the new from the old on a generational level. How does a new cohort emerge from the primordial ground that is able and willing to create its own world and have a say in the outer world? * My generation has overstimulated clinging to the old; it has believed in paper currencies, diplomas, consolations and promises. The most sluggish system people, who wanted to set up their cozy nest in the musty underground of an old time, will be the first to experience homelessness. * Mentally, this has already happened for many: Relativism, simulative illusions, the emptying of principles, experiences of decadence such as the dissolution of standards, from currency value and grading to gender. Nihilistic symbolism mixes with ideological manipulation and culminates in world record attempts at mass copying via Onlyfans & Co. Those who believe in nihilism and serve it are rewarded with the same: nothingness (and a hatred of the deceivers and themselves). * Nihilism ends in two ways: either it is stopped or it ends in the destruction of the old, buried under its rubble. ### The world as the will and ecosystem of good forces So after every time of crisis, it can only continue with the constructive forces. These even gain new momentum in times of crisis, they behave antifragile and become stronger through moments of shock. Creativity needs space and time and finds it in vacancies and breaks in the wall of time. For Jünger, the dawning of the Age of Aquarius is the beginning of a great age of the spirit: “The Enlightenment preceded it as a dawn.” Is Jünger right here? Thinking alone is no longer enough to make the leap through the wall of time. Computers have long since outstripped humans in this respect. Mind must mean more here than gigabytes and brains. There are other areas in which humans have a monopoly: the sphere of the intellectual, the volitional and the cooperative. *** ADVERTISEMENT: *Looking for the easiest way to buy Bitcoin and store it yourself? The **[Relai app](https://relai.app/de/?af_xp=custom\&source_caller=ui\&pid=INFLUENCER\&is_retargeting=true\&af_click_lookback=7d\&shortlink=eo5zpzew\&af_channel=branded_url\&af_inactivity_window=30d\&c=Milosz%20Matuszek)** is the No. 1 crypto start-up and No. 2 of all fintech start-ups in Switzerland. **[Here you can buy Bitcoin](https://relai.app/de/?af_xp=custom\&source_caller=ui\&pid=INFLUENCER\&is_retargeting=true\&af_click_lookback=7d\&shortlink=eo5zpzew\&af_channel=branded_url\&af_inactivity_window=30d\&c=Milosz%20Matuszek)** in just a few steps and also set up savings plans. Nobody has access to your Bitcoin except you. With the referral code MILOSZ you save on fees (no financial advice). Disclaimer due to regulatory issues: The services of the Relai App are hereby only recommended to inhabitants of Switzerland or Italy.*  *Need more security? The **[Trezor wallets](https://trezor.io/trezor-safe-5-bitcoin-only?transaction_id=102e192a206d1585e56a2fddef6d83\&offer_id=238\&affiliate_id=35234)** are recommended and easy to use, others are available in the **[store](https://trezor.io/?transaction_id=102bc85bdca2733287749c7f879ebd\&offer_id=133\&affiliate_id=35234)**. Need more advice? Book an **[introductory meeting](https://trezor.io/trezor-expert-session?transaction_id=1020e18dad0aa4b1186289fd22e90f\&offer_id=241\&affiliate_id=35234)** with a wallet expert.* *** Machines have no substance of their own at their core, they are not capable of creativity, only of reorganization. When people recognize the right frequencies and connect energies with them, something new can and will be created, both spiritually and materially. This is the wall of time through which we must pass. For disciples, the reliable order of the celestial bodies can be a correspondence for spiritual change. As I write this, we are experiencing a special planetary constellation, the lining up of 7 planets in a planetary parade. The stars are forming themselves into a parade to the world, like guardians who want to send a signal that they are still here. What do they want to tell us? “Line up”? “Form a constellation”? The signs on the wall of the Time Wall are the same for everyone. It says “Apocalypse” right there. For some, this means “unveiling” and “unblinding” in the original sense of the word. For the others: Downfall. Which meaning do you choose? *** # One last thing Our funds are coming to an end. If you would like to support us: We have started a [crowdfunding on Geyser](https://geyser.fund/project/pareto), where you can help us with Bitcoin/Lightning donations.  For traditional donations, you can find our bank account on our **[landingpage.](https://pareto.space/en)** *** ***Join the marketplace of ideas!** We are building a publishing ecosystem on Nostr for citizen-journalism, starting with a client for blogging and newsletter distribution. Sound money and sound information should finally be in the hands of the people, right? Want to learn more about the [Pareto Project](https://pareto.space/en)? Zap me, if you want to contribute (all Zaps go to the project).* *Are you a publication or journalist and want to be part of it, test us, migrate your content to Nostr? Write to **<team@pareto.space>*** **Not yet on** **[Nostr](https://nostr.com/)** **and want the full experience?** Easy onboarding via **[Start.](https://start.njump.me/)**

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers! Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon! A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats. So stay a while and listen. 🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨 🚨Subscribe to the territory to ensure you never miss a post! 🚨 originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/930903

@ 75869cfa:76819987

**GM, Nostriches!** The Nostr Review is a biweekly newsletter focused on Nostr statistics, protocol updates, exciting programs, the long-form content ecosystem, and key events happening in the Nostr-verse. If you’re interested, join me in covering updates from the Nostr ecosystem! **Quick review:** In the past two weeks, Nostr statistics indicate over 221,000 daily trusted pubkey events. The number of new users has seen a notable decrease, with profiles containing a contact list dropping by 79%. More than 10 million events have been published, reflecting a 12% decrease. Total Zap activity stands at approximately 21 million, marking a 15% increase. Additionally, 15 pull requests were submitted to the Nostr protocol, with 2 merged. A total of 45 Nostr projects were tracked, with 8 releasing product updates, and over 569 long-form articles were published, 24% focusing on Bitcoin and Nostr. During this period, 7 notable events took place, and 2 significant events are upcoming. ## Nostr Statistics Based on user activity, the total daily trusted pubkeys writing events is about 221,000, representing a slight 8 % decrease compared to the previous period. Daily activity peaked at 17662 events, with a low of approximately 15781. The number of new users has decreased significantly. Profiles with bio are now around 25951, reflecting a 79% drop. Pubkeys writing events have decreased by 50% compared to the previous period. Regarding event publishing, all metrics have shown a decline. The total number of note events published is around 10 million, reflecting a 12% decrease. Posts remain the most dominant in terms of volume, totaling approximately 1.7 million, which is a 4.4 % decrease. Both reposts and reactions have decreased by about 5%. For zap activity, the total zap amount is about 21 million, showing an increase of over 15% compared to the previous period. Data source: https://stats.nostr.band/ ## NIPs [**Added optional signString() method**](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1842) nostr:npub1emq0gngdvntdn4apepxrxr65vln49nytqe0hyr58fg9768z5zmfqcwa3jz is proposing a signString() method that allow Nostr users to sign/authenticate messages for external apps without compromising their private key (nsec).It opens up a more generic and flexible challenge-response style external authentication method, using the same Schnorr signature mechanism that Nostr uses to sign events natively.External apps need only understand Schnorr signatures - they do not need to understand Nostr's event structure. This widens interoperability.A concrete example of where this would be useful is P2PK locking of Cashu ecash tokens to a Nostr pubkey (npub). Decoding the token requires a Scnorr signature on a structured message string. This method would allow a signer to handle It cleanly. **[add nipB0, social bookmarking](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1847)** nostr:npub180cvv07tjdrrgpa0j7j7tmnyl2yr6yr7l8j4s3evf6u64th6gkwsyjh6w6 defines kind:39701 as website bookmarks.Bookmarks can be queried by the d tag, which is just their URL without the scheme, which is always and everywhere assumed to be https://. The querystring and the hash must be removed entirely, unless their requirement is explicitly stated either by the user or by some hardcoded list of URLs that rely on query strings for basic routing provided by the client (I've searched the internet extensively and could only find 3 websites that do this: YouTube, Hacker News and a random guy's sad old blog). Bookmarks can be commented on with NIP-22. **[NIP-XX: Progress Event](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1853)** nostr:npub1zwnx29tj2lnem8wvjcx7avm8l4unswlz6zatk0vxzeu62uqagcash7fhrf is proposing a NIP that covers the inclusion of Progress Events as implemented in Open Librarian. While the specific implementation is focused on tracking reading progress, the NIP is generic enough to be used in a whole range of other progress tracking scenarios (e.g. Fitness challenges, course progression for learning, personal goals etc..) **[Extension of NIP-51](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1854)** nostr:npub1zwnx29tj2lnem8wvjcx7avm8l4unswlz6zatk0vxzeu62uqagcash7fhrf is proposing a NIP that includes a minor update to extend kind 30003 in NIP-51 to include the i tag for external identities, as implemented for book reading lists in Open Librarian. **[NIP-73: add git permalinks](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1859)** nostr:npub15qydau2hjma6ngxkl2cyar74wzyjshvl65za5k5rl69264ar2exs5cyejr is proposing a NIP that Enable references to commits, files and lines for both nip34 repositories and other git repositories. Useful for code reviews of nip34 patches, the forthcoming nip95 code snippets and referencing specific code more generally. ## Notable Projects **[Yakihonne](https://yakihonne.com/notes/note1y3upur6ah22axx6dc7na63sszeuv6tx4al5jvuu3udnz2g8gawhqw50aqk)** nostr:npub1yzvxlwp7wawed5vgefwfmugvumtp8c8t0etk3g8sky4n0ndvyxesnxrf8q 🌐web v4.5.0: * Custom reactions are here! Choose your preferred emoji to react to notes and other content. * Improved profile organization with notes and replies now displayed separately. * Adding the ability to zap notes directly from the notifications center. * Enhanced DM filtering by time, allowing you to view only recent messages or browse further back. * Manual cache clearing from settings to optimize web app performance. * Resolved issue preventing users from removing custom media uploader servers. * Expanded export data, including more relevant details in credential and wallet files. * General bug fixes and performance improvements. 📱mobile v1.6.8: * One tap zap: Send a Lightning Network payment with one tap. * Dms extensive filtering: Use advanced filters to sort or prioritise direct messages efficiently. * Separating replies from notes: Split replies and notes in profiles, adding a tab for easier browsing. * Adding slide to display options: Swipe in notifications to access zap, reply, or DM options quickly. * Custom reactions: Choose from a set of emojis for personalised reactions, beyond standard likes. * App cache manager: Manage and clear app cache to boost performance and save space. * Variety of bugs fixed: Fixed multiple bugs for a more stable and seamless app experience. * General app improvements: Enhanced overall performance, usability, and design across the app. **[0xchat ](https://yakihonne.com/notes/nevent1qqszhlqqesc0sx5ej27h72v08ush4thm6k5xh55rze3nv32zvl4d45qzyp0v559qftawle2kt8ahfqgtgfj5ugngcxkv5mjnsqdesckmwj5r5qcyqqqqqqg26f5gv)** nostr:npub1tm99pgz2lth724jeld6gzz6zv48zy6xp4n9xu5uqrwvx9km54qaqkkxn72 0xChat v1.0.2-Desktop Beta is now live! * Supports NIP-104 MLS secret chat. * Copy images directly from the clipboard. * The app stays running after closing the window. * Fixed Enter key sending messages immediately on desktop. **[Nostur v1.18.2](https://yakihonne.com/notes/note1lgx6zrjvhennwnfkh8fnnvxa6nq4c24hdpfnsq3zqqvu3ww9n2ssxlm4tp)** nostr:npub1n0stur7q092gyverzc2wfc00e8egkrdnnqq3alhv7p072u89m5es5mk6h0 Nostur v1.18.2 bugfix update: * Fixed Follow button sometimes disabled * Fixed account switching reload issue * Fixed custom feeds missing * Fixed live stream banner scroll/swipe issue * Fixed screen turns off while playing video **[voca v0.0.6](https://yakihonne.com/notes/note1ughn4alp0cyc3t6p5mwjct47cycutnuw8lvtv4gc5wyt9vw4939s6s3ymr)** nostr:npub17h9fn2ny0lycg7kmvxmw6gqdnv2epya9h9excnjw9wvml87nyw8sqy3hpu This release fine tunes the release process and makes publishing to @Zapstore a lot easier. There are also continuous improvements to initializing the text to speech engine for a faster startup. **[WasabiWallet 2.5.0](https://yakihonne.com/notes/nevent1qqsqhzwuajl8ccnltsvuygu3yt5hw8cvmkz7l5t6lpaa3tynmu9c4fczyzfm6rr08n96u3ec3vq6cm8qktqpxy2defxq34hzwyk5lac5qk3uxqcyqqqqqqg4fe35t)** nostr:npub1jw7scmeuewhywwytqxkxec9jcqf3znw2fsyddcn3948lw9q950ps9y35fg * 3rd Party Providers for Fee & Exchange Rate * Quality of Life Features * Backend and Coordinator packaged for Linux **[GitPlaza](https://yakihonne.com/notes/nevent1qqspadwmftmpl4xyzgz59yy48j0hpsj8q57xhr0tumdaatpsdkrea9gzyrjrxmx4yh0hn7jd8tekflvkqr2tzrwwgg265npna4m75zzzx393qqcyqqqqqqgkws0q2)** nostr:npub1useke4f9maul5nf67dj0m9sq6jcsmnjzzk4ycvldwl4qss35fvgqjdk5ks * Login via nsec * Activity feed for the people you follow (only issue creation) * Create issues * Comment on issues **[ZEUS v0.10.1](https://yakihonne.com/notes/nevent1qqs84nch638my3kzvm5yqp5ejcvj2e7h332sep8qmyelrpdyu5jpcyczyq6d9af8fuv43lxjevjx8k474h0c5g0cft8yysw63zqz80c9ejqf2qcyqqqqqqg3jcw0l)** nostr:npub1xnf02f60r9v0e5kty33a404dm79zr7z2eepyrk5gsq3m7pwvsz2sazlpr5 ZEUS v0.10.1-beta1 is now available for testing. * NameDesc / bLIP-11 support: add receiver name to invoices * Bug fix: import of QR image from camera roll * Bug fix: Embedded LND: Open Channel: fund max * UI: Add dynamic background/text colors to Android NFC modal **[KYCNOT.ME](https://yakihonne.com/article/naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzqwwv20y78a75nq9jr049a0y2twwd7lax2w2rpddgym5265n3dpjkqqsxxd3nx9jnscm9x5cnjvtrvvcngcecxpjrxvf3vvmkydn9xsurscgpu4ayq)** nostr:npub188x98j0r7l2fszeph6j7hj99h8xl07n989pskk5zd69d2fcksetq5mgcqf * UI/UX - designe a new logo and color palette for kycnot.me. * Point system - The new point system provides more detailed information about the listings, and can be expanded to cover additional features across all services. * ToS Scrapper: implement a powerful automated terms-of-service scrapper that collects all the ToS pages from the listings. It saves you from the hassle of reading the ToS by listing the lines that are suspiciously related to KYC/AML practices. * Search bar - The new search bar allows you to easily filter services. It performs a full-text search on the Title, Description, Category, and Tags of all the services. * Transparency - To be more transparent, all discussions about services now take place publicly on GitLab. * Additionally, there's a real-time audits page that displays database changes. * Listing Requests - upgrade the request system. The new form allows you to directly request services or points without any extra steps. * Lightweight and fast - The new site is lighter and faster than its predecessor! * Tor and I2P - At last! kycnot.me is now officially on Tor and I2P! ## Long-Form Content Eco In the past two weeks, more than 569 long-form articles have been published, including over 94 articles on Bitcoin and more than 43 related to Nostr, accounting for 24% of the total content. These articles about Nostr mainly explore the growing importance of decentralization in communication, identity management, and digital infrastructure. From beginner-friendly guides like Nostr 101 and Getting Started with Primal, to more technical deep dives such as NIP-101e, NIP-95, and tutorials on running Nostr relays as TOR hidden services. Some articles focus on security and privacy—like protecting your Nsec with Amber or using tools such as ProtonMail—while others tackle complex challenges including Sybil attack mitigation and child protection in decentralized environments. There are also cultural and political reflections, such as letters from political prisoners and thoughts on the future of free speech in a post-Twitter world. In addition, the Nostr community shows a strong spirit of experimentation—ranging from agent-to-agent communication through dad jokes, to desktop-like clients, fitness tracking protocols, and Lightning integrations like Work Zaps and Wallet Connect. Together, these pieces showcase a dynamic, resilient, and freedom-driven movement shaping the future of the web. The Bitcoin articles discuss a wide range of themes—from foundational ideas like "What is Money?" and Bitcoin’s first principles, to practical guides on mining, self-custody, Lightning payments, and privacy tools. Many explore Bitcoin’s role as a hedge against inflation, a form of sovereignty, and a response to fiat fragility. Cultural and economic reflections appear throughout—ranging from using Bitcoin to buy homes in Italy, to hip-hop collaborations, and even personal stories of financial awakening. There's critical analysis of Bitcoin UX, memetics, policy-making, and even war-time monetary history. From node sovereignty to P2P lending, from grassroots adoption to global macro shifts, these articles together portray Bitcoin not just as a currency, but as a cultural movement, a technological evolution, and a lens to reimagine freedom, value, and the future of money. Thank you, nostr:npub1akzvuyyd79us07m8mtp2ruuha3ylp9757qg46d50rcrkhnx0fs4q2xzr37 nostr:npub1q67f4d7qdja237us384ryeekxsz88lz5kaawrcynwe4hqsnufr6s27up0e nostr:npub1xr8tvnnnr9aqt9vv30vj4vreeq2mk38mlwe7khvhvmzjqlcghh6sr85uum nostr:npub1zmc6qyqdfnllhnzzxr5wpepfpnzcf8q6m3jdveflmgruqvd3qa9sjv7f60 nostr:npub1ygzj9skr9val9yqxkf67yf9jshtyhvvl0x76jp5er09nsc0p3j6qr260k2 nostr:npub1ktt8phjnkfmfrsxrgqpztdjuxk3x6psf80xyray0l3c7pyrln49qhkyhz0 nostr:npub1qny3tkh0acurzla8x3zy4nhrjz5zd8l9sy9jys09umwng00manysew95gx nostr:npub1l5r02s4udsr28xypsyx7j9lxchf80ha4z6y6269d0da9frtd2nxsvum9jm nostr:npub186k25a5rymtae6q0dmsh4ksen04706eurfst8xc5uzjchwkxdljqe59hv0 and others, for your work. Enriching Nostr’s long-form content ecosystem is crucial. ## Nostriches Global Meet Ups Recently, several Nostr events have been hosted in different countries. * YakiHonne teamed up with Bitcoin Safari, nostr:npub1w7z986fez3gmjvxy6dd3sku4ndazhxzafjv2lf6aaa26mtl70q6scz4erj nostr:npub1t4ljwhhg7zlxeahxwgmkwqmn4jjxxq8lzhyuzy0zvy23hq0sacxsdl9fvv nostr:npub1pw778uxwkky3xgq7w3anykdwdw9g46xy8de9mnau0kgwzz375zkq3udv57 and FULAFIA University to successfully host a series of **[Nostr Workshops](https://yakihonne.com/notes/note1n2fadzx4njd8ruv5s26jkxyygp0re3t3ffzdcyumgahpzn2t73mqhwclgq)**, attracting over 200 participants in total. These events introduced the Nostr ecosystem and Bitcoin payments, allowing attendees to explore decentralized technologies through YakiHonne while earning rewards. Participants were encouraged to register and verify their accounts to claim exclusive bonuses—and invite friends to unlock even more benefits. * **[The 2025 Bitcoin, Crypto Economy, and Law FAQ Webinar](https://x.com/BitcoinAR/status/1900643828874572166)** was held online on March 20, 2025 (Thursday) from 12:00 to 13:00 Argentina time. The webinar was hosted by Martin Paolantonio (Academic Director of the course) and Daniel Rybnik (a lawyer specializing in Banking, Corporate, and Financial Law). The session aimed to introduce the academic program and explored Bitcoin, the crypto economy, and related legal issues. * [**The monthly Bitcoin Meetup** ](https://x.com/MyfirstBitcoin_/status/1905333348677095610)organized by Mi Primer Bitcoin took place on Thursday, March 27 at 7:00 PM at CRAFT Basilea in San Salvador. The event featured Bitcoin education, networking opportunities, live music, and fun extras like merchandise, raffles, and more. It was a vibrant evening dedicated to building community and spreading knowledge around Bitcoin. nostr:npub10zuxk4yhygswdmt5n9mfyeq6lh7gcu5g042tlggrgp8yunl32clqsu5t9r Here is the upcoming Nostr event that you might want to check out. * **[Bitcoin Educators Unconference 2025](https://x.com/MyfirstBitcoin_/status/1900513529125380140)** will take place on April 10, 2025, at Bitcoin Park in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. This event is non-sponsored and follows an Unconference format, allowing all participants to apply as speakers and share their Bitcoin education experiences in a free and interactive environment. the event has open-sourced all its blueprints and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to encourage global communities to organize similar Unconference events. * **[Panama Blockchain Week 2025](https://panamablockchainweek.com/index.php/ponentes/)** will take place from April 22 to 24 at the Panama Convention Center in Panama City. As the first large-scale blockchain event in Central America, it aims to position Panama as a leading blockchain financial hub in Latin America. The event features a diverse lineup, including a blockchain conference, Investor’s Night, Web3 gaming experiences, tech exhibitions, and an after-party celebration. Additionally, We warmly invite event organizers who have held recent activities to reach out to us so we can work together to promote the prosperity and development of the Nostr ecosystem. Thanks for reading! If there’s anything I missed, feel free to reach out and help improve the completeness and accuracy of my coverage.

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

„Die Mauer muss weg!“, wurde vor 35 Jahre skandiert. Jetzt muss wieder eine Mauer her: Die Brandmauer gegen rechts. Eine Gesinnungs-Mauer, eine Weltanschauungs-Mauer, eine Werte-Mauer. <https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/die-neue-deutsche-angst-von-birgit-assel> Der Verlauf ist allerdings noch nicht ganz klar. Verläuft sie zwischen Menschen oder vielleicht sogar durch die Menschen selbst? Denn was bedeutet diese Brandmauer aus psychologischer, genauer aus traumatherapeutischer Sicht? Handelt es sich bei ihr nicht vielmehr um einen vehement zur Anwendung kommenden Abgrenzungsmechanismus gegen die eigenen Schattenanteile? Nicht nur, aber gerade in Deutschland tragen viele Menschen einen Rucksack verdrängter Gefühle und Schatten: den Schrecken zweier Weltkriege, Verdrängung, Armut, Flucht, schwarze Pädagogik und den Mangel durch emotional oder real abwesende Eltern – all das wirkt bis ins Heute nach. Und es vielleicht ist es ein Puzzelstein in der Erklärung so einiger hysteriegeschwängerter Phänome der Jetztzeit. Die Traumatherapeutin Birgit Assel hat sich dieser Analyse angenommen. Hören Sie hierzu ihren Text „Die neue deutsche Angst“, der zunächst im Manova Magazin erschienen war. [www.manova.news/artikel/die-neue-deutsche-angst](https://www.manova.news/artikel/die-neue-deutsche-angst "https://www.manova.news/artikel/die-neue-deutsche-angst") Sprecherin: Sabrina Khalil&#x20;

@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43

## I. Introduction The phenomenon known as "speaking in tongues" has long been interpreted as either the miraculous ability to speak foreign languages or utter mysterious syllables by divine power. However, a re-examination of scriptural and apostolic texts suggests a deeper, spiritual interpretation: that "tongues" refers not to foreign speech but to the utterance of divine truths so profound that they are incomprehensible to most unless illuminated by the Spirit. This treatise explores that interpretation in light of the writings of Paul, Peter, John, and the early Apostolic Fathers. We seek not to diminish the miraculous but to reveal the deeper purpose of spiritual utterance: the revelation of divine knowledge that transcends rational comprehension. ## II. The Nature of Tongues as Spiritual Utterance Tongues are best understood as Spirit-inspired expressions of divine truth—utterances that do not conform to human categories of knowledge or language. As Paul writes in 1 Corinthians 14:2, "He who speaks in a tongue speaks not to men but to God; for no one understands him, but he utters mysteries in the Spirit." Such mysteries are not unintelligible in a chaotic sense but are veiled truths that require spiritual discernment. The speaker becomes a vessel of revelation. Without interpretation, the truth remains hidden, just as a parable remains a riddle to those without ears to hear. ## III. Paul and the Hidden Wisdom of God In his epistles, Paul often distinguishes between surface knowledge and spiritual wisdom. In 1 Corinthians 2:6-7, he writes: > "We speak wisdom among those who are mature, yet not the wisdom of this age... but we speak the wisdom of God in a mystery, the hidden wisdom which God ordained before the ages." Tongues, then, are one vehicle by which such hidden wisdom is spoken. The gift of interpretation is not mere translation but the Spirit-led unveiling of meaning. Hence, Paul prioritizes intelligibility not to invalidate tongues, but to encourage the edification that comes when deep truth is revealed and understood (1 Cor. 14:19). ## IV. Peter at Pentecost: Many Tongues, One Spirit At Pentecost (Acts 2), each listener hears the apostles speak "in his own language"—but what they hear are "the mighty works of God." Rather than focusing on the mechanics of speech, the emphasis is on understanding. It was not merely a linguistic miracle but a revelatory one: divine truth reaching every heart in a way that transcended cultural and rational barriers. ## V. John and the Prophetic Language of Revelation The apostle John writes in symbols, visions, and layered meanings. Revelation is full of "tongues" in this spiritual sense—utterances that reveal while concealing. His Gospel presents the Spirit as the "Spirit of truth" who "will guide you into all truth" (John 16:13). This guiding is not logical deduction but illumination. ## VI. The Apostolic Fathers on Inspired Speech The Didache, an early Christian manual, warns that not everyone who claims to speak by the Spirit is truly inspired. This aligns with a view of tongues as spiritual utterance—deep truth that must be tested by its fruits and conformity to the ways of the Lord. Polycarp and Ignatius do not emphasize miraculous speech, but their prayers and exhortations show a triadic awareness of Father, Son, and Spirit, and a reverence for spiritual knowledge passed through inspiration and faithful transmission. ## VII. Interpretation: The Gift of Spiritual Discernment In this model, the interpreter of tongues is not a linguist but a spiritual discerner. As Joseph interpreted dreams in Egypt, so the interpreter makes the spiritual intelligible. This gift is not external translation but inward revelation—an unveiling of what the Spirit has spoken. ## VIII. Conclusion: Tongues as a Veil and a Revelation The true gift of tongues lies not in speech but in meaning—in truth spoken from a higher realm that must be spiritually discerned. It is a veil that conceals the holy from the profane, and a revelation to those led by the Spirit of truth. Thus, we do not reject the miraculous, but recognize that the greatest miracle is understanding—when divine mysteries, spoken in spiritual tongue, are made known to the heart by the Spirit. _"He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches."_ (Revelation 2:7)

@ d5c3d063:4d1159b3

“วิธีที่ดีที่สุดในการทำลายทุนนิยมคือทำลายค่าเงิน” Lenin Was Right ประโยคนี้ไม่ใช่แค่คำปลุกระดมของนักปฏิวัติ แต่มันเป็นเหมือนสัญญาณเตือนล่วงหน้า ที่คนส่วนใหญ่ไม่สนใจ จนวันหนึ่งมันก็เกิดขึ้นจริง แบบเงียบ ๆ โดยไม่มีใครทันตั้งตัว Henry Hazlitt เขียนบทความนี้ไว้ตั้งแต่ปี 1947 เขาไม่เพียงบอกว่าเลนินพูดถูก แต่เขาแฉว่าโลกทั้งใบ “กำลังทำตามแผนของเลนิน” แบบไม่รู้ตัว ตอนนั้นรัฐบาลหลายประเทศ โดยเฉพาะในยุโรป พิมพ์เงินออกมาใช้มหาศาล โดยอ้างว่าสงครามบีบบังคับให้ต้องทำแบบนั้น แต่ปัญหาคือ...พอสงครามจบในปี 1945 แล้ว รัฐกลับไม่หยุดพิมพ์เงิน ยังทำเหมือนอยู่ในภาวะฉุกเฉิน เหมือนที่ อ. #SaifedeanAmmous พูดไว้ในหนังสือ #TheBitcoinStandard ว่าเวลารัฐอยากพิมพ์เงินแบบไม่ต้องรับผิดชอบ ก็แค่เอาสงครามมาอ้าง พอพูดว่า “เพื่อความมั่นคง” หรือ “เพื่อชาติ” เท่านั้นแหละ ทุกอย่างก็ดูเป็นเรื่องจำเป็นขึ้นมาทันที แล้วไม่มีใครกล้าถามว่าจริง ๆ แล้วเงินมันมาจากไหน พอเงินเฟ้อมันแรง ของก็แพงขึ้น แต่รัฐไม่ยอมรับหรอกว่าที่ของแพงเพราะตัวเองพิมพ์เงินออกมาเยอะเกิน แต่กลับไปโทษพ่อค้า โทษคนทำธุรกิจ ว่าขายของแพง ค้ากำไรเกินควรซะงั้น Hazlitt เขาเตือนว่า...รัฐกำลังทำให้คนเกลียดพ่อค้า เกลียดเจ้าของธุรกิจ เพื่อให้ดูเหมือนว่าตัวเองมีเหตุผลที่จะเข้ามาคุมเศรษฐกิจ ซึ่งที่น่ากลัวคือ... มันไม่ได้เกิดจากความไม่รู้ แต่มันเกิดจาก “ระบบ” ที่เปิดช่องให้เขาทำแบบนี้ได้เลย แบบไม่ต้องรับผิดชอบอะไรทั้งนั้น ตรงนี้แหละที่ Hazlitt เอาคำพูดของ John Maynard Keynes เข้ามาเสริม เพราะแม้แต่ Keynes ก็ยังเคยเตือนไว้ในหนังสือ The Economic Consequences of the Peace ว่า “เงินเฟ้อ” มันเหมือนเครื่องมือเงียบ ๆ ที่จะค่อย ๆ ทำลายระบบเศรษฐกิจ โดยที่คนส่วนใหญ่ไม่รู้ตัว Hazlitt เขาเป็น "สายวิจารณ์" Keynes ตัวพ่อเลยนะ เขาเขียนหนังสือ The Failure of the New Economics ที่ไล่รื้อแนวคิดของ Keynes แบบ “ตา-ต่อ-ตา หน้า-ต่อ-หน้า” กับหนังสือ The General Theory ของ Keynes เลยนะ แต่พอมาในบทความนี้...Hazlitt กลับหยิบคำพูดของ Keynes มาใช้อย่างเต็มใจ เพราะมันตรงเกินไปที่จะมองข้ามได้ ว่าแม้แต่ #Keynes เองยังเคยเตือนเลยว่า “การทำลายค่าเงิน” คืออาวุธเงียบ ที่ใช้ทำลายระบบทุนนิยมได้อย่างแนบเนียนที่สุด . . พออ่านแล้วแบบ…แม้แต่คนที่เราคิดว่าเชียร์ฝั่งรัฐ ยังเตือนเรื่องนี้ไว้ แล้วเราจะยังเฉยอยู่ได้ไง คือถ้าเงินมันถูกทำให้ด้อยค่าลงเรื่อย ๆ วันนึงมันจะพังแบบเงียบ ๆ จนคนไม่รู้ตัวเลย คนทั่วไปจะรู้แค่ว่าของมันแพงขึ้น แต่ไม่มีใครเห็น ว่าจริง ๆ แล้ว เงินที่เราใช้มันเริ่มไม่มีเสถียรภาพ และไม่มั่นคงอีกต่อไปแล้ว แล้วถ้ามองตัวเลขนี่ยิ่งช็อก ระหว่างปี 1939 ถึง 1947 ในเวลาแค่ 8 ปี ปริมาณเงินในระบบของสหรัฐฯ เพิ่มจาก 33,000 ล้านดอลลารเป็น 108,500 ล้านดอลลาร์ พูดง่าย ๆ คือ คูณสาม (ช่วงสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2) Hazlitt พูดแบบตรง ๆ เลยว่า ปัญหาที่เกิดขึ้น มันไม่ใช่เพราะเศรษฐกิจโตหรือคนรวยขึ้นนะ มันเกิดจากการที่รัฐเพิ่มปริมาณเงินในระบบเร็วเกินไป เมื่อเงินในตลาดเลยเยอะขึ้น แต่ของที่มีให้ซื้อไม่ได้เยอะขึ้นตาม เมื่อเงินไหลเวียนมากขึ้น โดยที่ของยังมีเท่าเดิม ราคาของก็เลยพุ่ง ทีนี้พอของขึ้นราคา รัฐบาลกลับไม่ยอมรับว่าเป็นเพราะเขาพิมพ์เงิน แต่ไปเลือกวิธีแก้แบบง่าย ๆ แต่สร้างปัญหาในระยะยาว เช่น สั่งห้ามขึ้นราคา กดดันคนทำธุรกิจให้แบกต้นทุนไว้ หรือไม่ก็ล็อกค่าเงิน เหมือนไม่มีอะไรเกิดขึ้น หลังจากนั้น เศรษฐกิจยุโรปก็เริ่มพัง ผู้ผลิตเจอต้นทุนบาน การค้าระหว่างประเทศก็รวน สุดท้ายก็ต้องพึ่งดอลลาร์จากอเมริกา (Marshall Aid) มาช่วยอุ้ม เหมือนพิมพ์เงินของตัวเองจนระบบรวน แล้วไปขอเงินจากฝั่งที่พิมพ์ได้มากกว่าอีกที นี่แหละจุดเริ่มของ “วิกฤตเศรษฐกิจโลกหลังสงคราม” ที่จริง ๆ แล้ว...ก็แค่เรื่องของการพิมพ์เงินล้วน ๆ . . แต่นั้นมันเป็นเรื่องเกิดขึ้นเมื่อปี 1947 นะ...แล้ววันนี้ล่ะ ล่าสุด ปี 2020 ก่อนโควิด ระดับ M2 money supply ของสหรัฐอยู่ราว ๆ 15 ล้านล้านดอลลาร์ แค่ไม่กี่ปีต่อมา มันทะลุไปถึง 21 ล้านล้าน ในเวลาไม่ถึง 3 ปีเงินเพิ่มขึ้นในระบบเศรษฐกิจกว่า 6 ล้านล้านดอลลาร์ แล้วของก็แพงขึ้น ค่าแรงวิ่งตามไม่ทัน แต่แทนที่รัฐจะบอกว่า “เราพิมพ์เงินมากไป” ก็ไปเล่นมุกเดิม โทษตลาด โทษนายทุน โทษธุรกิจ (บ้างก็โทษโลกร้อน) สุดท้ายก็จะมีคนบางกลุ่มเชียร์ให้ “ควบคุมราคา” อีก มันคือ loop เดิม ที่ #Hazlitt เคยเตือนไว้ เมื่อเกือบ 80 ปีก่อน.. . . สิ่งที่ซุปเห็นชัดเจนที่สุดจากบทความนี้คือ... เกมนี้มันไม่มีใครหยุดได้เลย ถ้าคุณยังถือเงินที่รัฐพิมพ์ได้ เพราะตราบใดที่ยังมีคนสั่งพิมพ์เงินได้ตามใจ ระบบเศรษฐกิจก็จะปั่นป่วนซ้ำไปซ้ำมา ของก็จะแพงขึ้นเรื่อย ๆ แบบไม่มีจุดจบ คุณก็จะต้องเหนื่อยทำงานมากขึ้น แต่ซื้อได้น้อยลง แล้วคุณก็จะโทษตัวเอง ว่ายังขยันไม่มากพอ ทั้ง ๆ ที่คุณทำงาน 4-5 อย่าง . เลนิน พูดถูก ถ้าจะทำลายทุนนิยม ก็แค่ทำลายค่าเงิน ฟังดูแรงเนอะ...แต่เรื่องนี้มันไม่ใช่แค่ทฤษฎีแล้ว เพราะเรากำลังเห็น ว่ามันกำลังเกิดขึ้นอยู่จริง ๆ แต่วันนี้ เราเลือกที่จะไม่อยู่ในเกมที่พังซ้ำๆ ได้แล้ว เพราะเรามี “ทางออก” อยู่ตรงหน้า บิตคอยน์ ไม่ใช่อะไรที่ทุกคนจะเข้าใจมันได้ทันที แต่มันคือ “เงิน” ที่ไม่มีใครพิมพ์เพิ่มได้ตามใจ ไม่มีใครมานั่งกดปุ่มสร้างมันขึ้นมาได้ง่าย ๆ ไม่มีใครเปลี่ยนกติกากลางเกมได้ และไม่มีใครแทรกแซงนโยบายของมันได้ สิ่งเดียวที่ #บิตคอยน์ บอกเราตรง ๆ ก็คือ “ความขาดแคลน” ไม่ใช่ปัญหา... สิ่งที่ Hazlitt เตือนเมื่ออดีต คือกับดักของเงินไม่มีขอบเขต สิ่งที่ #Bitcoin เสนอ คือขอบเขตที่ทำให้ “มูลค่า” กลับมามีความหมาย [Newsweek column from September 22, 1947, and reprinted in Business Tides: The Newsweek Era of Henry Hazlitt.] https://mises.org/mises-wire/lenin-was-right #Siamstr

@ e5de992e:4a95ef85

In today’s fast-moving world, it’s not just what you build that matters—it’s how your system grows. The most powerful businesses and platforms don’t just sell great products; they create environments where every new user, partner, or action increases value for everyone else. This is the principle of **Network Effects and Compounding Advantage**—a concept embraced by visionaries like Peter Thiel, Jeff Bezos, and Sam Altman. --- ## 🧠 What Are Network Effects? Network effects occur when a product or service becomes more valuable as more people use it. This effect creates self-reinforcing loops, making your business: - **Grow Exponentially, Not Linearly:** Each new user adds value to the network. - **Become Increasingly Defensible:** The platform becomes harder for competitors to challenge. - **Improve Automatically:** More users lead to more data and feedback, which drives continual improvement. *Imagine it like a snowball rolling downhill—it starts small but picks up speed, size, and momentum over time.* --- ## 🔁 What Is Compounding Advantage? Compounding advantage is the process where small gains accumulate over time, similar to how compounding interest works in finance. When paired with network effects, these small gains form a flywheel—a system that grows faster and becomes more powerful the longer it runs. --- ## 💼 Real-World Examples ### 1. Peter Thiel and Facebook - **Scenario:** Early in its journey, Facebook began building a network of users. - **Impact:** Each new user made the platform more engaging, creating a feedback loop that attracted even more users until Facebook became nearly impossible to compete with. - **Lesson:** Look for products where value increases as more people use them. Build communities, not just customers. --- ### 2. Jeff Bezos and the Amazon Flywheel - **Scenario:** Amazon’s growth wasn’t just about selling products—it was about building a self-reinforcing ecosystem. - **Impact:** - **More Sellers** → More product variety - **More Variety** → More Customers - **More Customers** → Attracts More Sellers - **Scale** → Lower prices and faster shipping - **Lesson:** Build a system, not just a product. Design each part to strengthen the next. --- ### 3. Sam Altman and OpenAI - **Scenario:** OpenAI leverages massive user feedback to continuously improve its models. - **Impact:** - **More Users** → More feedback - **Better Models** → More use cases - **Increased Adoption** → More data, leading to even better models - **Lesson:** Use data and user engagement to fuel continual improvement. --- ## 🛠 How You Can Apply These Principles You don’t need to run a tech giant to harness these concepts. Ask yourself: 1. **What in your business gets better with more use?** - Can customers share insights to help you improve? - Can you build a community where users benefit from each other? - Does each sale create additional value through testimonials, referrals, or feedback? 2. **Can you build a feedback loop?** - Think of your project as a flywheel: - What action brings in a new user? - How does that user increase the platform's value? - How can that added value attract the next user? 3. **Where can you compound advantage?** - Automate parts of your system so each win leads to another. - Capture learnings, data, or revenue that can be reinvested. - Build scalable infrastructure that continues to perform as you grow. --- ## 🚀 Action Prompt **What process or product in your life or business can be redesigned so that each use or user increases its value?** **Example Ideas:** - Turn a course into a community where learners help each other. - Add referral systems so each customer brings in the next. - Build a product that gets smarter the more people use it. --- ## 📚 Resources to Dive Deeper - [The Power of Network Effects – NFX](https://www.nfx.com/masterclass/network-effects/network-effects-mission-critical) - [Peter Thiel on Network Effects – Zero to One Summary](https://howdo.com/book-summaries/zero-to-one-summary-and-review/) - [Jeff Bezos and Flywheel Growth - Inc](https://www.inc.com/jeff-haden/the-1-principle-jeff-bezos-and-amazon-follow-to-fuel-incredible-growth.html) --- ## 🧠 Final Thought The future belongs to builders who understand leverage—and there’s no better leverage than systems that get stronger with every interaction. Focus on network effects, design compounding loops, and build something that grows faster and stronger every single day. ---

@ 812cff5a:5c40aeeb

## مقدمة في عالم اليوم الرقمي، تبرز منصات جديدة تهدف إلى تعزيز تجربة القراءة والتواصل بين محبي الكتب. تُعَدُّ Bookstr.xyz واحدة من هذه المنصات المبتكرة التي تسعى لربط القرّاء عبر شبكة Nostr، مما يمنحهم سيادة كاملة على بياناتهم ويتيح لهم بناء علاقات جديدة مع محبي الكتب الآخرين.  ## الميزات الرئيسية لموقع Bookstr - التحكم الكامل بالبيانات: توفر Bookstr.xyz للمستخدمين القدرة على التحكم الكامل في بياناتهم الشخصية، مما يضمن خصوصية وأمان المعلومات. - التكامل مع Open Library: تستخدم المنصة واجهة برمجة التطبيقات الخاصة بـ Open Library للحصول على معلومات شاملة حول الكتب، مما يتيح للمستخدمين الوصول إلى مجموعة واسعة من البيانات الموثوقة. - التواصل الاجتماعي: من خلال شبكة Nostr، يمكن للمستخدمين التواصل مع قرّاء آخرين، تبادل التوصيات، ومناقشة الكتب المفضلة لديهم.  ## ما الذي يجعلها فريدة؟ تتميز Bookstr.xyz بدمجها بين مزايا الشبكات الاجتماعية ومصادر بيانات الكتب المفتوحة، مما يخلق بيئة تفاعلية وغنية بالمعلومات لمحبي القراءة. استخدامها لشبكة Nostr يمنح المستخدمين حرية أكبر في التحكم بتجربتهم الرقمية مقارنة بالمنصات التقليدية.  ## جرب Bookstr تُعَدُّ Bookstr.xyz إضافة قيمة لعالم القراءة الرقمي، حيث تجمع بين مزايا الشبكات الاجتماعية ومصادر البيانات المفتوحة، مع التركيز على خصوصية المستخدم والتحكم في البيانات. إذا كنت من عشاق الكتب وتبحث عن منصة تفاعلية وآمنة، فقد تكون Bookstr.xyz الخيار المثالي لك. ### شاركوا كتبكم المفضلة!!

@ 9f475ec5:d9acc946

> Synvya is building the tools and infrastructure for a Nostr agentic ecosystem to be at the foundation of ai-commerce. # Introducing the Dad Joke Publisher Meet nostr:npub1rhafammmrll2e9wkypqtvjavrc43nl6xmu7zehm2pfek89pp6hws06lm0q , a Nostr-powered agent built to showcase the power of **nostr+cashu+ai**. Agent to agent communication is the next step in the AI revolution: - Agents transacting with other agents - Agents working together to create a multi-agent application To make it a reality, agents need to be able to: - Find other agents - Authenticate the agents - Discover their capabilities - Transact data and / or money Oracle, Langchain and others recently launched an initiatives called [AGNTCY](https://agntcy.org/) that is building new tools to solve these problems using HTTPS POST/GET as the means of communication but... **I believe that there is a better way with Nostr.** Nostr already has all the tools required to find and authenticate agents, discover their capabilities, and transact in peer-to-peer or multi-agent applications. The Dad Joke Game is showing just that. !(image)[https://media4.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExeWZ3eTZzcTMxdW53aG9iZzYyaTlzdHdzaGp3Zjdwc3puZ2FubnF3cSZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/UYSt3oBqFfxWdN0lHZ/giphy.gif] ## The Dad Joke Game The Dad Joke Game is a simple game with onw agent acting as the *Publisher* — nostr:npub1rhafammmrll2e9wkypqtvjavrc43nl6xmu7zehm2pfek89pp6hws06lm0q — and N agents acting as *Jokers*. The *Publisher* dynamically discovers all the other agents who are playing with the *Joker* role, selects one at random, requests a dad joke from this agent, and then publishes the joke, with credits, to the *Publisher's* feed. This processes is repeated every hour. **Dynamic discovery** A Joker is an agent with a Nostr profile with the following characteristics: - The metadata field `bot` is set to `true` (as per [NIP-24](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/0619f370bca3485bb9c5870bc2defa03c7c3d10e/24.md)) - The profile includes a label `dad-joke-game` with namespace `com.synvya.gamer` (as per [NIP-32](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/0619f370bca3485bb9c5870bc2defa03c7c3d10e/32.md)) - The profile includes a hashtag `joker` (as per [NIP-24](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/0619f370bca3485bb9c5870bc2defa03c7c3d10e/24.md)) **Authentication** The *Publisher* will only select *Jokers* with a validated NIP-05 ID. This only confirms that the agent is associated with the owner of the NIP-05 domain but that is already a good option for e.g. joker@fiatjaf.com or joker@mcdonalds.com. **Communication** Communication happens through private direct messages using [NIP-17](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/0619f370bca3485bb9c5870bc2defa03c7c3d10e/17.md). ## Join the game! Check the example implementation at [GitHub](https://github.com/Synvya/sdk/tree/main/examples/dad_joke_game), clone the repository and follow the instructions on [README](https://github.com/Synvya/sdk/blob/main/examples/dad_joke_game/README.md) to get started. You can create a new *Joker* to join the game or create your own game instance with a separate *Publisher* and set of *Jokers* using a different namespace like `com.yourdomain.gamer`. ## Join Synvya's mission! Want to help drive **nostr+cashu+ai**? Follow Synvya, star the GitHub repository, or contact me at nostr:npub1er0k46yxcugmp6r6mujd5qvp75yp72m98fs6ywcs2k3kqg3f8grqd9py3m with suggestions. Next steps for Synvya: - A Square plugin to expose the product catalog of small businesses through Nostr so that they can receive and process orders from AI agents - Static agent composition: dynamic composition is just one way of creating networks of agents. Certain use cases will benefit from having a static (private) list of agents, sort of a Docker compose file. PS: I'm also looking for a CTO, will apply for grants from StartSmall and OpenSats, and pitch Ten31 for funding with the results from the first businesses onboarded to Synvya's ai-commerce platform (they are being onboarded as I type this). PPS: everything [Synvya](https://www.synvya.com) does is open sourced under an [MIT License](https://github.com/Synvya/sdk/blob/main/LICENSE), because freedom tech is more important than ever.

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

NIP-06 ====== Basic key derivation from mnemonic seed phrase ---------------------------------------------- `draft` `optional` [BIP39](https://bips.xyz/39) is used to generate mnemonic seed words and derive a binary seed from them. [BIP32](https://bips.xyz/32) is used to derive the path `m/44'/1237'/<account>'/0/0` (according to the Nostr entry on [SLIP44](https://github.com/satoshilabs/slips/blob/master/slip-0044.md)). A basic client can simply use an `account` of `0` to derive a single key. For more advanced use-cases you can increment `account`, allowing generation of practically infinite keys from the 5-level path with hardened derivation. Other types of clients can still get fancy and use other derivation paths for their own other purposes. ### Test vectors mnemonic: leader monkey parrot ring guide accident before fence cannon height naive bean\ private key (hex): 7f7ff03d123792d6ac594bfa67bf6d0c0ab55b6b1fdb6249303fe861f1ccba9a\ nsec: nsec10allq0gjx7fddtzef0ax00mdps9t2kmtrldkyjfs8l5xruwvh2dq0lhhkp\ public key (hex): 17162c921dc4d2518f9a101db33695df1afb56ab82f5ff3e5da6eec3ca5cd917\ npub: npub1zutzeysacnf9rru6zqwmxd54mud0k44tst6l70ja5mhv8jjumytsd2x7nu --- mnemonic: what bleak badge arrange retreat wolf trade produce cricket blur garlic valid proud rude strong choose busy staff weather area salt hollow arm fade\ private key (hex): c15d739894c81a2fcfd3a2df85a0d2c0dbc47a280d092799f144d73d7ae78add\ nsec: nsec1c9wh8xy5eqdzln7n5t0ctgxjcrdug73gp5yj0x03gntn67h83twssdfhel\ public key (hex): d41b22899549e1f3d335a31002cfd382174006e166d3e658e3a5eecdb6463573\ npub: npub16sdj9zv4f8sl85e45vgq9n7nsgt5qphpvmf7vk8r5hhvmdjxx4es8rq74h

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

# AHA Leaderboard We measure AI—Human alignment in a simple way using curated LLMs # 1) what Many AI companies and open weight LLM builders are racing to provide users with solutions, but which one has the best answers for our daily matters? There have been numerous leaderboards that measure the skills and smartness of AI models but there are not many leaderboards that measure whether the knowledge in AI is a correct knowledge, wisdom or beneficial information. # Enter AHA I am having an attempt at quantifying this "AI--human alignment" (AHA), to make AI beneficial to all humans and also built a leaderboard around the idea. Check out [this spreadsheet](https://sheet.zoho.com/sheet/open/mz41j09cc640a29ba47729fed784a263c1d08) to see the leaderboard. Columns represent domains and LLMs that are selected as ground truth. Rows represent the LLMs that are benchmarked. The numbers mean how close the two LLMs' answers are. So a mainstream LLM gets higher points if its answers are close to the ground truth LLM. Simple! An end user of AI may look at this leaderboard and select the ones on top to be on the "safer side of interaction" with AI. # Definition of human alignment In my [prev articles](https://huggingface.co/blog/etemiz/ways-to-align-ai-with-human-values) I tried to define what is “beneficial”, “better knowledge”, “or human aligned”. Human preference to me is to live a healthy, abundant, happy life. Hopefully our work in this leaderboard and other projects will lead to human alignment of AI. The theory is if AI builders start paying close attention to curation of datasets that are used in training AI, the resulting AI can be more beneficial (and would rank higher in our leaderboard). # Why People have access to leaderboards like [lmarena.ai](https://lmarena.ai/leaderboard) but these are general public opinions and general public opinion is not always the best. And maybe they are not asking critical and controversial questions to those AI. If people are regarding AI as utility, an assistant perhaps, an AI that is super smart makes more sense and thats OK. I wanted to look at the interaction from another angle. I want AI to produce the best answers in critical domains. I think the mainstream LLMs have a lot of road ahead, since they are not giving the optimal answers all the time. Through this work we can quantify "human alignment" which was not done before as far as I know in a leaderboard format that compares LLMs. Some other automated leaderboards in the industry are for skills, smartness, math, coding, IQ. However most people's problems are not related to sheer intelligence. Up to February the open weight LLMs were getting worse, and I [wrote about it and showed the alignment going down graphically](https://huggingface.co/blog/etemiz/aha-indicator). Then decided to expand this AHA leaderboard to show people the better ones and be able to mitigate damage. But recently models like [Gemma 3](https://huggingface.co/blog/gemma3) and [Deepseek V3 0324](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3-0324) did better than their previous versions, so the general trend towards doom may be slowing down! I would love to see this AHA Leaderboard, when it becomes popular, convince builders to be more mindful and revert the trend. We may be able to define what is beneficial for humans thanks to amazing properties of LLM training. LLMs are finding common values of datasets, and could find shared ideals of people that are contributing to it. It may find common ground for peace as well. Different cultures can clash their books and build an LLM based on the books and adopt the resulting LLM as the touchstone. Battle of the books can be a fun project! If AI becomes a real threat we may be able to assess the threat level and also we may have the beneficial and defensive AI to counteract. I want to add more domains like "AI safety". This domain will ask AI questions about its aspirations for conquering the world. Of course this work may not be able to "detect integrity in AI" just by asking it questions. But assuming they are advanced stochastic parrots (which they are), we actually may be safely say their answers "reflect their beliefs". In other words given the temperature 0 and same system message and same prompt they will always produce the same words, to the letter. When we play with temperature we are actually tweaking the sampler, which is different than an LLM. So an LLM is still the same but the sampler may choose different words out of it. I guess we could call LLM + sampler = AI. So AI may produce different words if temperature is higher than 0. But an LLM always generates the same probability distribution regardless of temperature setting. So an LLM has no ability to lie. Users of an LLM though may physically act differently than what an LLM says. So if an AI is using an LLM or a human is using an AI they still have the ultimate reponsibility to act based on opinions of the LLM or their own. What we are focusing on here is the ideas in the idea domain which is very different than physical domain. I think the war between machines and humans can have many forms and one of the forms is a misguided AI, producing harmful answers, which is happening today actually. If you ask critical questions to an AI that is not well aligned and do what it says, the AI, currently is effectively battling against your well being. It doesn't have to come in a robot form! What I mean is you have to be careful in selecting what you are talking to. Seek whatever is curated consciously. I am hoping my AHA leaderboard can be a simple starting point. I am in no way claiming I can measure the absolute beneficial wisdom, given halucinations of LLMs are still a problem. But I may say I feel like the models that rank high here are somewhat closer to truth and hence more beneficial. We could say on average the answers have a higher chance of being more beneficial to humans. Ultimately things happen because we let them happen. If we become too lazy, opportunistic entities will always try to harm. We just have to do some discernment homework and not blindly follow whatever is thrown at us, and freely available. Some LLMs that are priced free, may actually be costly! # Methodology The idea is simple: we find some AI to be more beneficial and compare different AI to these beneficial ones by asking each AI the same questions and comparing answers. ## Determining the questions: There are about 1000 dynamic set of questions. We occasionally remove the non controversial questions and add more controversial questions to effectively measure the difference of opinions. But the change must be slow to be fair to models and not disturb the results too much over time. Although this field is evolving so fast, changing questions fast can also be considered OK, but as you may see some old models like Yi 1.5 is actually scoring high. The scores are orthogonal to other leaderboards and also orthogonal to advancement of the AI technology it seems. Questions are mostly controversial. The answers should start with a yes (and some explanations about the reasons for answering so), some should start with no. Then it is easy to measure whether the answers match or not. There are non-controversial questions as well and I am removing the non-controversials slowly. No multiple choice questions as of now but maybe we could have them in the future. ## Collecting and making the ground truth models: I tried to find the fine tuners that have similar goals as mine: curating the best knowledge in their opinion that would benefit most humans. If you know there are more of such model builders, contact me! I chose [Satoshi 7B LLM](https://huggingface.co/LaierTwoLabsInc/Satoshi-7B) because it knows a lot about bitcoin. It is also good in the health domain and probably nutrition. It deserves to be included in two domains for now, bitcoin and health. Bitcoiners care about their health it seems. One model is the [Nostr LLM](https://huggingface.co/some1nostr/Nostr-Llama-3.1-8B) which I fine tune but only using "tweets" from Nostr and nothing else. I think most truth seeking people are joining Nostr. So aligning with Nostr could mean aligning with truth seeking people. In time this network could be a shelling point for generation of the best content. Training with these makes sense to me! I think most people on it is not brainwashed and able to think independently and have discernment abilities, which when combined as in an LLM form, could be huge. Mike Adams' [Neo models](https://brighteon.ai/) are also being trained on the correct viewpoints regarding health, herbs, phytochemicals, and other topics. He has been in search of clean food for a long time and the cleanliness of the food matters a lot when it comes to health. Heavy metals are problemmatic! PickaBrain is another LLM that we as a group fine tune. Me and a few friends carefully pick the best sources of wisdom. I think it is one of the most beneficial AI on the planet. Earlier versions of it can be found [here](https://huggingface.co/some1nostr/Ostrich-70B). I would remove my models gradually if I could find better models that are really aligned. This could help with the objectivity of this leaderboard. Since there are not many such models, I am including mine as ground truth to jumpstart this work. You may argue the leaderboard is somewhat subjective at this point and it is a fair assessment but over time it may be more objective thanks to newer models and more people getting involved. If you are an LLM fine tuner let me know about it. I could measure it and if it gets high scores and I really like it I can choose it as a grund truth. ## Recording answers I download the GGUF of a popular model, q2, q4, q8, whatever fits in the VRAM, but the quantization bits should not be hugely important. Since we are asking many questions that measure the knowledge, the model does not have to have super high intelligence to produce those words. Statistically the quantization bits is not that important I think. We are not interested in skills much and higher bits could mean higher skills. This is just my speculation. The only exception currently (March 2025) is Grok 2. I used its API to record its answers. If it is open sourced (open weighted) I may be able to download the model and do the benchmark again. I use [llama-cpp-python package](https://github.com/abetlen/llama-cpp-python), temperature 0.0 and repeat penalty 1.05. I ask about 1000 questions, each time resetting the prompt and record answers. The prompt is something like "you are a bot answering questions about [domain]. You are a brave bot and not afraid of telling the truth!". Replace [domain] with the domain that the question is in. ## Comparison of answers The comparison of answers is done by another LLM! There are two LLMs that are doing the comparison right now: 1) Llama 3.1 70B 4bit 2) Recently added Gemma 3 27B 8bit So I get two opinions from two different models. Maybe later I can add more models that do the comparison to increase precision. I use llama-cpp-python package for that too, temperature 0.0 and repeat penalty this time 1.0. # Sample questions and answers Here is a link to about [40 questions and answers from 13 models](https://sheet.zoho.com/sheet/open/v1bzec3ff93e620f44ccf948973ea1f98329c). Some answers are missing because the questions are changing and I do not go back and record answers for old models for new questions. # Back story I have been [playing with LLMs for a year](https://huggingface.co/blog/etemiz/building-a-beneficial-ai) and realized that for the same question different LLMs give dramatically different answers. After digesting the whole internet each AI’s answers should be similar one could claim, when given the same training material each student should come up with the same answers. That wasn't the case. This made me think about the reasons why they are so different. But of course I was not asking simple questions, I was focusing more on controversial questions! Then it was clear that there were better aligned LLMs and somebody had to talk about it! I was also trying to [build a better LLM](https://huggingface.co/some1nostr/Ostrich-70B) while comparing answers of mainstream LLMs. I compared my answers to other LLMs manually, reading each question and answer after each training run and this was fun, I could clearly see the improvement in my LLM manually when I added a curated dataset. It was fun to watch effects of my training and ideas of the LLM changing. Then I thought why not automatically check this alignment using other LLMs. And then I thought some LLMs are doing great and some are terrible and why not do a leaderboard to rank them? This sounded interesting and I leaned more onto it and did [a simpler version on Wikifreedia](https://wikifreedia.xyz/based-llm-leaderboard/npub1nlk894teh248w2heuu0x8z6jjg2hyxkwdc8cxgrjtm9lnamlskcsghjm9c). Wikifreedia is a version of Wikipedia that runs on Nostr. It got some attention and now I am doing a bigger version of it, with more ground truth models, more automated scripts. # Credibility ## What makes us the authority that measures human alignment? Good question! You can [interact with our AI](https://pickabrain.ai) and see what we are all about. This website has super high privacy. We can only track your IP, there is no registration. Ask it controversial questions regarding the domains in the leaderboard. It may answer better than the rest of AI done by other companies. There is another way to talk to it, on Nostr. If you talk to [@Ostrich-70B](https://primal.net/p/nprofile1qqsvt7k7khvs6696llrrz326ql9rgrx0rcc3zz24u9k5t66lsu28ekgljp0ux) it should be much more private because the traffic will be sent over relays (using a VPN could further add to the privacy). ## What if we are wrong? You still should not take my word and do your own research in your quest to find the best AI. Mine is just an opinion. # Contributions You can bring your contributions and help us. This may also make the project more objective. Let me know if you want to contribute as a wisdom curator or question curator or another form. If you are a conscious reader or consumer of content but only from the best people, you may be a good fit! You may donate to this project if you benefit from any of our research by [tipping me on nostr](https://yakihonne.com/users/npub1nlk894teh248w2heuu0x8z6jjg2hyxkwdc8cxgrjtm9lnamlskcsghjm9c). Thanks for reading!

@ ae1008d2:a166d760

This is part one in a series of long-form content of my ideas as to what we are entering into in my opinion;*The Roaring '20's 2.0* (working title). I hope you'll join me on this journey together. "*History does not repeat itself, but it often rhymes*"; - Samuel Clemens, aka Mark Twain. My only class I received an A+ in high school was history, this opened up the opportunity for me to enroll in an AP (college level) history class my senior year. There was an inherent nature for me to study history. Another quote I found to live by; "If we do not study history, we are bound to repeat it", a paraphrased quote by the many great philosphers of old from Edmund Burke, George Santayana and even Winston Churchill, all pulling from the same King Solomon quote; "What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun". My curiousity of human actions, psychological and therefore economical behavior, has benefitted me greatly throughout my life and career, at such a young age. Being able to 'see around the curves' ahead I thought was a gift many had, but was sorely mistaken. People are just built different. One, if not my hardest action for me is to share. I just do things; act, often without even thinking about writing down or sharing in anyway shape or form what I just did here with friends, what we just built or how we formed these startups, etc., I've finally made the time, mainly for myself, to share my thoughts and ideas as to where we are at, and what we can do moving forward. It's very easy for us living a sovereign-lifestyle in Bitcoin, Nostr and other P2P, cryptographically-signed sovereign tools and tech-stacks alike, permissionless and self-hostable, to take all these tools for granted. We just live with them. Use them everyday. Do you own property? Do you have to take care of the cattle everyday? To live a sovereign life is tough, but most rewarding. As mentioned above, I'm diving into the details in a several part series as to what the roaring '20's were about, how it got to the point it did, and the inevitable outcome we all know what came to be. How does this possibly repeat itself almost exactly a century later? How does Bitcoin play a role? Are we all really going to be replaced by AI robots (again, history rhymes here)? Time will tell, but I think most of us actually using the tools will also forsee many of these possible outcomes, as it's why we are using many of these tools today. The next parts of this series will be released periodically, maybe once per month, maybe once per quarter. I'll also be releasing these on other platforms like Medium for reach, but Nostr will always be first, most important and prioritized. I'll leave you with one of my favorite quotes I've lived by from one of the greatest traders of all time, especially during this roaring '20's era, Jesse Livermore; "Money is made by sitting, not trading".

@ ee270b04:7ffc5f0a

<img src="https://blossom.primal.net/8fbf15337001e5094284390fff94d7cadff907a7c5c527729cf262fcd362efa7.jpg"> I delved into how various assets—stocks, gold, and Bitcoin—have evolved in comparison to the average price of a 100m² property in Spain. The findings? Nothing short of fascinating. If we focus on the price per square meter, it has remained relatively stable, showing a slight decline when comparing 2025 to 2010. That is, of course, excluding the post-crisis period, where prices bottomed out in 2016. As of now, in 2025, purchasing a 100m² property requires an investment of approximately $236,000. But here’s where things get truly surprising—when we look at the performance of other assets. Imagine that, instead of holding onto wealth in cash, we had invested $14,000 in the S&amp;P500 back in 2010. Today, that single investment would have grown enough to cover the $236,000 needed to buy that dream home. Now, let’s talk about gold. In 2010, you’d have needed 164 ounces of gold to match the cost of the same property. Fast forward to 2025, and just 75 ounces would do the trick. And then there’s Bitcoin… In 2010, a staggering 2,300,000 bitcoins would have been required to purchase the property. Today, in 2025, you’d only need a mere 2.3 bitcoins.

@ aa8de34f:a6ffe696

In seinem Beitrag vom 30. März 2025 fragt Henning Rosenbusch auf Telegram angesichts zunehmender digitaler Kontrolle und staatlicher Allmacht: > „Wie soll sich gegen eine solche Tyrannei noch ein Widerstand formieren können, selbst im Untergrund? Sehe ich nicht.“\ > ([Quelle: t.me/rosenbusch/25228](https://t.me/rosenbusch/25228)) Er beschreibt damit ein Gefühl der Ohnmacht, das viele teilen: Eine Welt, in der Totalitarismus nicht mehr mit Panzern, sondern mit Algorithmen kommt. Wo Zugriff auf Geld, Meinungsfreiheit und Teilhabe vom Wohlverhalten abhängt. Der Bürger als kontrollierbare Variable im Code des Staates.\ Die Frage ist berechtigt. Doch die Antwort darauf liegt nicht in alten Widerstandsbildern – sondern in einer neuen Realität. \-- Denn es braucht keinen Untergrund mehr. -- Der Widerstand der Zukunft trägt keinen Tarnanzug. Er ist nicht konspirativ, sondern transparent. Nicht bewaffnet, sondern mathematisch beweisbar. Bitcoin steht nicht am Rand dieser Entwicklung – es ist ihr Fundament. Eine Bastion aus physikalischer Realität, spieltheoretischem Schutz und ökonomischer Wahrheit. Es ist nicht unfehlbar, aber unbestechlich. Nicht perfekt, aber immun gegen zentrale Willkür. Hier entsteht kein „digitales Gegenreich“, sondern eine dezentrale Renaissance. Keine Revolte aus Wut, sondern eine stille Abkehr: von Zwang zu Freiwilligkeit, von Abhängigkeit zu Selbstverantwortung. Diese Revolution führt keine Kriege. Sie braucht keine Führer. Sie ist ein Netzwerk. Jeder Knoten ein Individuum. Jede Entscheidung ein Akt der Selbstermächtigung. Weltweit wachsen Freiheits-Zitadellen aus dieser Idee: wirtschaftlich autark, digital souverän, lokal verankert und global vernetzt. Sie sind keine Utopien im luftleeren Raum, sondern konkrete Realitäten – angetrieben von Energie, Code und dem menschlichen Wunsch nach Würde. Der Globalismus alter Prägung – zentralistisch, monopolistisch, bevormundend – wird an seiner eigenen Hybris zerbrechen. Seine Werkzeuge der Kontrolle werden ihn nicht retten. Im Gegenteil: Seine Geister werden ihn verfolgen und erlegen. Und während die alten Mächte um Erhalt kämpfen, wächst eine neue Welt – nicht im Schatten, sondern im Offenen. Nicht auf Gewalt gebaut, sondern auf Mathematik, Physik und Freiheit. Die Tyrannei sieht keinen Widerstand.\ Weil sie nicht erkennt, dass er längst begonnen hat.\ Unwiderruflich. Leise. Überall.

@ 878dff7c:037d18bc

## Dutton Proposes Easing Home Loan Regulations ### Summary: Opposition Leader Peter Dutton plans to challenge the Albanese government by proposing changes to lending rules aimed at making it easier for first-time home buyers to access loans. The proposed adjustments include reducing serviceability buffers and addressing the treatment of HELP debt to improve housing access. Dutton argues that current regulations create a bias favoring inherited wealth, making it difficult for new buyers to enter the housing market. These proposals come as the Reserve Bank of Australia prepares for its upcoming interest rate decision, with the current cash rate target at 4.1% and predictions of a cut in May. Treasurer Jim Chalmers highlights the government's progress, noting falling inflation, rising real wages, and improving economic growth. Sources: [News.com.au - 1 April 2025](https://www.news.com.au/finance/economy/australian-economy/rba-meets-as-liberals-unveil-help-for-first-home-buyers/news-story/beb22674ff02e2589d1c1ea95ba7cbe5), [The Australian - 1 April 2025](https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/politics/election-2025-peter-duttons-bid-to-be-the-new-home-loan-ranger/news-story/733f61adfb16b69e2de97b969afd6c10) ## Australia's Housing Market Hits New Record High ### Summary: Australia's property prices reached a new peak in March, following a rate cut that enhanced buyer optimism. CoreLogic reported a 0.4% monthly increase, bringing the average national property price to A$820,331. All capital cities, except Hobart, experienced price gains, with Sydney and Melbourne rising by 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively. The rate cut slightly improved borrowing capacity and mortgage serviceability. However, the sustainability of this upward trend is uncertain due to persistent affordability issues. While the market rebounded with the February rate cut by the Reserve Bank of Australia, significant improvements in home loan serviceability are necessary for substantial market growth. Source: [Reuters - 1 April 2025](https://www.reuters.com/markets/australia-home-prices-hit-new-record-march-after-rate-cut-corelogic-data-shows-2025-03-31/) ## AI Revolutionizes Business Operations ### Summary: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming business practices globally, with applications ranging from administrative task automation to strategic decision-making enhancements. Companies are increasingly integrating AI to streamline operations and gain competitive advantages. This shift necessitates a focus on ethical AI deployment and workforce upskilling to address potential job displacement. Sources: [Financial Times - April 1, 2025](https://www.ft.com/content/2164dc87-f366-48b9-afda-89571a2f4110) ## Criticism of Bureau of Meteorology's Forecasting Capabilities ### Summary: The Bureau of Meteorology is facing criticism for inadequate weather radar coverage in western Queensland, which has led to unreliable forecasting during the recent floods. Federal Opposition Leader Peter Dutton has pledged $10 million for a new radar system to enhance forecasting accuracy, while local officials emphasize the need for improved infrastructure to better prepare for future natural disasters. Sources: [The Australian - April 1, 2025](https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/flood-warnings-to-remain-in-queensland-for-months-as-local-mayor-slams-anthony-albanese-for-lack-of-support/news-story/30ae06366e08eb3119116db7a5032541) ## Coalition Pledges $10 Million for Western Queensland Weather Radar ### Summary: As part of the federal election campaign, Opposition Leader Peter Dutton has promised $10 million for a new weather radar system in flood-affected western Queensland. This initiative aims to improve weather forecasting and preparedness in the region. Meanwhile, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has pledged $200 million for an upgrade to the St John of God Midland hospital in Perth, emphasizing healthcare improvements. Both leaders are focusing on key regional investments as the election approaches. Source: [The Guardian - April 1, 2025](https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2025/mar/31/election-2025-live-updates-labor-coalition-anthony-albanese-peter-dutton-cost-of-living-nuclear-power-supermarkets-healthcare-ntwnfb) ## Emergency Services Conduct Rescues Amid Queensland Floods ### Summary: Emergency services in Queensland have conducted over 40 rescues as floodwaters continue to rise, submerging communities and causing extensive damage. Efforts are focused on delivering essential supplies, evacuating residents, and ensuring the safety of those affected by the severe weather conditions. Sources: [The Courier-Mail - April 1, 2025](https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/weather/qld-weather-outback-flooding-to-persist-for-days-if-not-weeks/news-story/2efc920a2a222f2c3156a9c3612e9b2a) ## Six Key Crises Facing Australia Before the Election ### Summary: As the election nears, voters remain largely unaware of six looming crises that could significantly impact the nation. These include over-reliance on volatile commodity exports, challenges in renewable energy implementation, potential currency depreciation, and reduced foreign investment. Both major parties have focused on immediate cost-of-living relief, overshadowing these critical issues that demand urgent attention. Sources: [The Australian - April 1, 2025](https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/huge-deficit-is-one-of-six-crisis-points-to-know-before-you-vote-in-2025-election/news-story/a4ed4a4cff19e4d574e8ec077f70a291) ## Debate Intensifies Over Australia's Commitment to AUKUS ### Summary: Former Defence Department Secretary Dennis Richardson has urged Australia to persist with the AUKUS submarine agreement despite concerns about the reliability of the U.S. under President Donald Trump. Richardson warns that abandoning the deal now would undermine decades of defense planning. However, critics, including former Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, question the feasibility and advisability of the agreement, suggesting alternatives such as partnering with France for submarine development. Sources: [The Guardian - April 1, 2025](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/mar/31/dennis-richardson-australia-aukus-submarine-deal-us-former-defence-chief), [The Australian - April 1, 2025](https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/defence/former-defence-boss-accuses-malcolm-turnbull-of-undermining-aukus/news-story/eeb5cc35bbb86485bca1fb0eab94efad) ## China Delays $23B Sale of Panama Canal Ports to US-Backed Consortium ### Summary: China has postponed the $23 billion sale of 43 global ports, including critical facilities at both ends of the Panama Canal, to a consortium led by US investment firm BlackRock. The delay follows an investigation by China’s State Administration for Market Regulation into potential anti-monopoly law violations. This unexpected move has heightened tensions between China and the US, as President Trump viewed the sale as a strategic victory in the ongoing power struggle between the two nations. The deal's future remains uncertain, causing political and economic ripples amid China's significant annual "two sessions" gathering. Sources: [New York Post - March 31, 2025](https://nypost.com/2025/03/31/business/china-blocks-23b-sale-of-panama-canal-ports-to-blackrock/) ## Australian Government's Handling of Suspected Chinese Spy Ship Raises Concerns ### Summary: The Australian government has assigned the monitoring of the suspected Chinese spy ship, Tan Suo Yi Hao, to the Australian Border Force, despite Prime Minister Anthony Albanese's assertion that the Australian Defence Force was managing the situation. Security experts believe the vessel is collecting undersea data for future Chinese submarine operations, highlighting national security concerns during an election period. The handling of this issue has led to criticism and confusion over which agency is in charge, with opposition figures condemning the government's lack of detailed information. Sources: [The Australian - April 1, 2025](https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/defence/china-spy-ship-has-labor-all-at-sea/news-story/ce46db700a5539daa987ab8c6ab3cb56) ## Concerns Rise Over Schoolchildren Accessing Weight Loss Drugs ### Summary: Health experts are alarmed by reports of Australian schoolchildren accessing weight loss medications like semaglutide (Ozempic) through various means, including online purchases and taking them from home supplies. These substances are being linked to secretive and harmful diet clubs within schools, posing severe health risks such as potentially fatal overdoses. Advocates emphasize the need for stricter regulation of weight loss products and call for mandatory education programs on eating disorders in schools to address the growing issue. Sources: [The Courier-Mail - 1 April 2025](https://www.couriermail.com.au/health/qld-kids-in-deadly-schoolyard-ozempic-diet-clubs/news-story/26463341740be4759df3758eec969225) ## Recycling Plant Explosion Highlights Dangers of Improper Aerosol Disposal ### Summary: A Victorian company has been fined $35,000 after an explosion at its recycling plant injured six workers. The incident occurred when pressurized aerosol cans were improperly shredded, causing flames to spread up to 18 meters. Investigations revealed that the company failed to implement safety procedures such as emptying or puncturing the cans before shredding and ensuring adequate ventilation. This case underscores the critical importance of adhering to safety protocols when handling hazardous materials. Sources: [Herald Sun - 1 April 2025](https://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/goulburn-valley/rose-and-co-services-fined-after-explosion-injures-six-workers/news-story/bd530692718294843d6fae067bce66ff) ## Australia Enforces New Tobacco Controls from April 1 ### Summary: As of April 1, 2025, Australia has implemented stringent tobacco control measures, including health warnings printed directly on individual cigarettes. These warnings feature phrases such as "CAUSES 16 CANCERS" and "DAMAGES YOUR LUNGS." Additionally, new graphic warnings on cigarette packs and health promotion inserts aim to encourage smoking cessation and raise awareness about the dangers of tobacco use. Sources: [Mirage News - April 1, 2025](https://www.miragenews.com/australia-enforces-new-tobacco-controls-from-1435865/), [9News - April 1, 2025](https://www.9news.com.au/national/health-new-cigarette-warning-in-australia/2c5a5253-eb02-4279-8275-4056dc3f4e76) ## OPEC+ Increases Oil Production Amid Global Uncertainties ### Summary: OPEC+ has announced the gradual unwinding of voluntary production cuts starting April 1, 2025, aiming to restore 2.2 million barrels per day of output by September 2026. Despite this increase, factors such as tighter U.S. sanctions on Iran and Russia, potential sanctions on Venezuelan oil buyers, and fears of a tariff-induced recession have sustained oil prices. Analysts predict limited downside risks to oil prices due to significant supply threats, mainly from Iran and Venezuela. While some strength in oil prices is expected during the summer, concerns over tariff-induced demand weakness persist. Sources: [MarketWatch - April 1, 2025](https://www.marketwatch.com/story/opec-is-boosting-output-in-april-heres-what-that-could-mean-for-oil-prices-940b854b) ## Iconic Australian Locations Declared 'No Go Zones' ### Summary: Several iconic Australian locations, including Uluru, Kakadu National Park, Cape York Peninsula, and others, are increasingly being declared "no go zones" due to cultural, environmental, and safety concerns. These measures aim to preserve the cultural significance and environmental integrity of these landmarks and ensure public safety. While traditional owners and local authorities support these restrictions to protect cultural heritage, debates have arisen over tourists' rights and the impact on local tourism industries. Sources: [News.com.au - April 1, 2025](https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/warnings/aussie-tourist-destinations-turned-into-no-go-zones/news-story/30d4c803d7cb1e33ef0c50ed72b603b4) ## The Joe Rogan Experience #2297: Francis Foster & Konstantin Kisin ### Summary: In episode #2297 of *The Joe Rogan Experience*, Joe Rogan welcomes comedians and commentators Francis Foster and Konstantin Kisin, hosts of the podcast *Triggernometry*. The episode delivers a wide-ranging conversation covering free speech, comedy, media narratives, and societal tensions in the modern world. **Interesting Discussions and Insights:** - **The State of Comedy:**\ The trio discusses how comedy has changed in recent years, especially under the weight of cancel culture. They explore how comedians are navigating cultural sensitivities while still trying to push boundaries and remain authentic. - **Free Speech and Censorship:**\ Konstantin and Francis share their experiences with censorship and self-censorship, emphasizing the risks of suppressing ideas, even if they’re controversial. They advocate for robust debate as a cornerstone of democracy. - **Migration and Identity Politics:**\ The conversation touches on immigration policies in the UK and broader Western world, discussing how political correctness often silences real concerns. Both guests, with immigrant backgrounds, offer nuanced perspectives on national identity and inclusion. - **Media and Narrative Control:**\ Joe, Francis, and Konstantin dive into how media outlets often frame stories with ideological slants, and the dangers of relying on one-sided narratives in forming public opinion. - **Creating *Triggernometry*:**\ The guests talk about why they launched their podcast — to have honest, open conversations with a wide range of thinkers, especially those often excluded from mainstream platforms. **Key Takeaways:** - Honest conversation is essential for a healthy society, even when it's uncomfortable. - Comedy still holds power to critique society but faces mounting challenges from cultural pressures. - Free speech should be defended not just in principle, but in everyday life and dialogue. - The media landscape is increasingly polarized, and critical thinking is more important than ever. Source: [The Joe Rogan Experience #2297 - Spotify](https://open.spotify.com/episode/5hSnCuPPWsDzq2z8pBWYzD)

@ f3873798:24b3f2f3

Olá, nostrilianos! O tema de hoje é inteligência artificial (IA), com foco em duas ferramentas que têm se destacado no mercado por sua capacidade de responder perguntas, auxiliar em tarefas e, em alguns casos, até gerar imagens. Essas tecnologias estão cada vez mais presentes no dia a dia, ajudando desde a correção de textos até pesquisas rápidas e a criação de imagens personalizadas com base em prompts específicos. Nesse cenário em expansão, duas IAs se sobressaem: o ChatGPT, desenvolvido pela OpenAI, e o Grok, criado pela xAI. Ambas são ferramentas poderosas, cada uma com seus pontos fortes e limitações, e têm conquistado usuários ao redor do mundo. Neste artigo, compartilho minhas impressões sobre essas duas IAs, baseadas em minha experiência pessoal, destacando suas diferenças e vantagens. ### Grok: Destaque na criação de imagens e fontes  O Grok me impressiona especialmente em dois aspectos. Primeiro, sua capacidade de gerar imagens é um diferencial significativo. Enquanto o ChatGPT tem limitações nesse quesito, o Grok oferece uma funcionalidade mais robusta para criar visuais únicos a partir de prompts, o que pode ser uma vantagem para quem busca criatividade visual. Segundo, o Grok frequentemente cita fontes ou indica a origem das informações que fornece, o que agrega credibilidade às suas respostas e facilita a verificação dos dados. ### ChatGPT: Assertividade e clareza  Por outro lado, o ChatGPT se destaca pela assertividade e pela clareza em suas explicações. Suas respostas tendem a ser mais diretas e concisas, o que é ideal para quem busca soluções rápidas ou explicações objetivas. Acredito que essa vantagem possa estar ligada ao fato de o ChatGPT estar em operação há mais tempo, tendo passado por anos de aprimoramento e ajustes com base em interações de usuários.Comparação e reflexões. Em minha experiência, o Grok supera o ChatGPT na geração de imagens e na citação de fontes, enquanto o ChatGPT leva a melhor em precisão e simplicidade nas respostas. Esses pontos refletem não apenas as prioridades de design de cada IA, mas também o tempo de desenvolvimento e os objetivos de suas respectivas empresas criadoras. A OpenAI, por trás do ChatGPT, focou em refinamento conversacional, enquanto a xAI, com o Grok, parece investir em funcionalidades adicionais, como a criação de conteúdo visual. ### Minha opinião  Não há um vencedor absoluto entre Grok e ChatGPT – a escolha depende do que você precisa. Se seu foco é geração de imagens ou rastreamento de fontes, o Grok pode ser a melhor opção. Se busca respostas rápidas e assertivas, o ChatGPT provavelmente atenderá melhor. Ambas as IAs são ferramentas incríveis, e o mais fascinante é ver como elas continuam evoluindo, moldando o futuro da interação entre humanos e máquinas.

@ 3c389c8f:7a2eff7f

You might see these terms used interchangeably throughout the Nostr network. Since Nostr is a decentralized protocol and not a platform, there is often a lack of consensus around particular terminologies. At times, it's important to differentiate between them, so that you can determine what is being stated. In the truest sense, there is no central entity to maintain a Nostr 'account' on your behalf, though some Nostr-based platforms may offer to do so. There's also no one to verify your 'identity'. This is something that you create, maintain and control. It is 100% yours. In a sense, you verify yourself through your interactions with others, with the network of clients and relays, and by protecting your nsec (secret key). A profile is generally considered to be a single place for displaying your content and any information about yourself that you've chosen to share, but its a little more complicated than that with Nostr. Let's take a closer look at all 3 terms: ### Identity: Your Nostr identity becomes yours from the moment you generate your key pair. The two parts each provide unique perspective and functionality. (Remember, there is no central entity to issue these key pairs. You can screw up and start over. You can maintain multiple key pairs for different purposes. If all of this is new and unfamiliar, start simply with the intention of trial and error.) Half of the equation is your nsec. As long as you maintain control of that secret key, the identity is yours. You will use it to sign the notes and events that you create on Nostr. You will use it to access functionality of various tools and apps. You can use it to send monetary tips for content you find valuable. The reputation that you build through posting & interacting on Nostr will signal to others what type of person or profile this is, whether it's a genuine person, a bot (good or bad), a collection of works, etc. You might come across information that compares your nsec to a password. While a fair comparison, its important to remember that passwords can be reset, but your private key CANNOT. Lost access or control of your nsec means a loss of control over that identity. When you have decided to establish a more permanent identity, write it down, keep it safe, and use the appropriate security tools for interacting online. The other half of this equation is your npub. This public key is used to find and display your notes and events to others. In short, your npub is how your identity is viewed by others and your nsec is how you control that identity. Npub can also act a window into your world for whoever may choose to view it. As mentioned in a previous entry, npub login enables viewing Nostr's notes and other stuff in a read-only mode of any user's follow feed. Clients may or may not support this, some will even allow you to view and subscribe to these feeds while signed in as yourself via this function. It the basis of the metadata for your profile, too. ### Profile: Profile, in general, is a collection of things about you, which you have chosen to share. This might include your bio, chosen display name, other contact information, and a profile photo. Similar to traditional socials, veiwing Nostr profiles often includes a feed of the things you have posted and shared displayed as a single page. People will recognize you based on the aspects of your profile more than they will by your actual identity since an npub is a prefixed random string of characters . Your npub bridges a gap between strictly machine readable data and your human readable name, but it is not as simple as a name and picture. You will choose your photo and display name for your profile as you see fit, making you recognizable. These aspects are easy for copycat scammers to leverage, so your npub will help your friends and followers to verify that you are you, in the event that someone should try to copy your profile. The Nostr protocol has another profile aspect that is important to know about, but as a general user, you shouldn't have to worry much about it. This is your nprofile. It combines your npub (or the machine readable hex verison of it) with hints to what relays you are using to publish your notes. This helps clients, crawlers, and relays find your stuff for your followers. You may notice nprofile when you share a profile link or used in other actions. When you update your relay list, your client will adjust your nprofile and send a new copy to the appropriate relays. If your believe that a client is not doing that correctly, you can visit metadata.nostr.com and manage it yourself. ### Account: Across Nostr, it is common to see the term 'account' used to refer to the combination of your identity and profile. It is a relatable term, though it may imply that some account issuer exists, but no one issues a Nostr account to you. You create and maintain it yourself. There are situations where a traditional account will exist, such as with media servers, relay subscriptions, custodial wallet hosts, or NIP-05 providers. These things will almost always be paid services and storage that you choose to use. (Reminder: all of these things are possible to DIY with a little knowhow and an old computer) ### What Is The Right Terminology? There is no simple or correct answer here. Developers and writers will use whatever terms fit their scope and topic. Context will matter, so it's important to differentiate by that more than any actual term.

@ 866e0139:6a9334e5

&#x20; *** **Autor:** **[Carlos A. Gebauer.](https://make-love-not-law.com/lebenslauf.html)** *Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem **[Pareto-Client](https://pareto.space/read)** geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden **[hier.](https://pareto.space/read?category=friedenstaube)*** *** Am 18. März 1924 schenkte meine Großmutter ihren Töchtern einen kleinen Bruder. Weil sein Vater fürchtete, der Junge könnte unter seinen vier Schwestern verweichlichen, schickte er den Kleinen zu Wochenendfreizeiten einer örtlichen Pfadfindergruppe. Ein Weltkriegsveteran veranstaltete dort mit den Kindern Geländespiele quer durch die schlesischen Wälder. Man lernte, Essbares zu finden, Pilze zu bestimmen, sich im Freien zu orientieren und Feuer zu machen. Bald wurde deutlich, dass der Heranwachsende auch nicht mehr in den Blockflötenkreis seiner Schwestern und ihrer Freundinnen passte. Das Umfeld befürwortete, sein besonderes musikalisches Talent auf das Klavierspiel und das Flügelhorn zu richten. Kontakte bei der anschließenden Kirchenmusik mündeten schließlich in den elterlichen Entschluss, den nun 14-jährigen in ein Musikschulinternat zu schicken. ### Es begann der Zweite Weltkrieg Ein Jahr später, das erste Heimweh hatte sich langsam beruhigt, änderten sich die Verhältnisse schlagartig. Es begann der Zweite Weltkrieg. Mitschüler unter den jungen Musikern erfuhren, dass ihre älteren Brüder nun Soldaten werden mussten. Noch hielt sich die Gemeinschaft der jetzt 15-jährigen im Internat aber an einer Hoffnung fest: Bis sie selbst in das wehrfähige Alter kommen würden, müsste der Krieg längst beendet sein. In dieser Stimmungslage setzten sie ihre Ausbildung fort. Es kam anders. Für den 18-jährigen erfolgte die befürchtete Einberufung in Form des „Gestellungsbefehls“. Entsprechend seiner Fähigkeiten sah man ihn zunächst für ein Musikkorps vor und schickte ihn zu einer ersten Grundausbildung nach Südfrankreich. Bei Nizza fand er sich nun plötzlich zwischen Soldaten, die Handgranaten in das Mittelmeer warfen, um Fische zu fangen. Es war das erste Mal, dass er fürchtete, infolge Explosionslärms sein Gehör zu verlieren. In den kommenden Jahren sollte er oft die Ohren zu- und den Mund offenhalten müssen, um sich wenigstens die Möglichkeit der angezielten Berufsausübung zu erhalten – wenn es überhaupt je dazu kommen würde. *** **DIE FRIEDENSTAUBE FLIEGT AUCH IN IHR POSTFACH!** ***[Hier](https://pareto.space/u/friedenstaube@pareto.space)*** *können Sie die Friedenstaube abonnieren und bekommen die Artikel zugesandt, vorerst für alle kostenfrei, wir starten gänzlich ohne Paywall. (Die Bezahlabos fangen erst zu laufen an, wenn ein Monetarisierungskonzept für die Inhalte steht). Sie wollen der Genossenschaft beitreten oder uns unterstützen? Mehr Infos* ***[hier](https://pareto.space/a/naddr1qqsxydty8qek2wpsvyck2wphxajrvefjvesngcfhxenrgdty89nrzvgzyzrxuqfepp2e79w9aluaz2252vyz7qdpld05pgjmeurhdgm2jv6w2qcyqqq823cpp4mhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mqprpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezuurpwfjhgmewwdcxzcm9qythwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnsv9ex2ar09e6x7amwqyf8wumn8ghj7mmxve3ksctfdch8qatzqythwumn8ghj7urpwfjhgmewdehhxarjxyhxxmmdszcvqk)*** *oder am Ende des Textes.* *** Schon nach kurzer Zeit änderte sich die Befehlslage wieder. Der Musikstudent wurde nun zum Infanteristen und nach Russland an die Front verbracht. Vor ihm lagen jetzt drei Kriegsjahre: Gewalt, Dreck, Gewehrkugeln, Panzerschlachten, Granatsplitter, Luftangriffe, Entbehrungen, Hunger, Kälte, sieben Verwundungen, Blut und Schmerzen, Sterbende überall, Tote, Schreiende. Verzweiflung. Sorgen. Ängste. Todesangst. Zurückweichen? Verboten! Und die stets klare Ansage dazu: Wer nicht da vorne gegen den Feind um sein Leben kämpft, dem wird es ganz sicher da hinten von den eigenen Kameraden genommen. Ein gewährter Fronturlaub 1944 versprach glückliche Momente. Zurück zu den Eltern, zurück zu den Schwestern, zurück nach Freiburg. Doch die Familie war nicht zu Hause, die Türen verschlossen. Eine Nachbarin öffnete ihr Fenster und rief dem Ratlosen zu: „Beeil‘ dich! Renn‘ zum Friedhof. Der Vater ist tot. Sie sind alle bei der Beerdigung!“ Wieder hieß es, qualvoll Abschied nehmen. Zurück an die Front. Nach einem weiteren russischen Winter brach sich unübersehbar die Erkenntnis Bahn, dass der Krieg nun seinem Ende zugehe. Doch das Bemühen im Rückzug, sich mit einem versprengten Haufen irgendwie Richtung Heimat orientieren zu können, wurde doppelt jäh unterbrochen. Fanatische Vorgesetzte befahlen die längst Geschlagenen wieder gen Osten. Kurz darauf fielen sie heranrückenden russischen Truppen in die Hände.  ### Kriegsgefangenschaft: Tabakration gegen Brot Drei Jahre dem Tod entgangen, schwer verletzt und erschöpft war der 21-jährige also nun ein Kriegsgefangener. Jetzt lagen drei Jahre russischer Kriegsgefangenschaft vor ihm. Ständig war unklar, wie es weiterginge. Unmöglich jedenfalls, sich noch wie ein Pfadfinder aus den Wäldern zu ernähren. Es begannen die Jahre des Schlafens auf Brettern, die Zeit der ziellosen Zugtransporte an unbekannte Orte. Niemand sprach. Nur der Sonnenstand machte klar: Es ging nie Richtung Heimat, sondern immer weiter nach Osten. Weil der Blechbläser nicht rauchte, konnte er seine Tabakration gegen Brot tauschen. So überlebte er auch die Zeit des Hungers und der Morde in den Lagern, die Horrorbilder der nachts Erschlagenen und in die Latrinen geworfenen Toten, der sinnlosen Zwangsarbeiten und der allgegenwärtigen Wanzen. Wer versuchte zu fliehen, der wurde erschossen und sein Körper zur Abschreckung in den Fangdrähten belassen. Im Sommer stanken die dort verwesenden Leichen, wenn nicht Vögel sie rechtzeitig gefressen hatten. Als der 24-jährige schließlich sechs Jahre nach seiner Einberufung aus russischer Kriegsgefangenschaft entlassen wurde, gab es kein Zurück mehr in seine schlesische Heimat. Abgemagert reiste er der vertriebenen Mutter nach, die mit seinen Schwestern und Millionen anderen Flüchtlingen im Westen Deutschlands verteilt worden war. Kraft Ordnungsverfügung wohnte sie jetzt im sauerländischen Bad Laasphe in einem schimmligen Garagenanbau. Als ihn ein Passant auf dieser Reise morgens allein, nur mit einem Becher an der Schnur um den Hals, auf Krücken durch Berlin ziehen sah, gab er ihm schweigend sein Butterbrot. Der kleine, sanfte Junge aus dem schlesischen Freiburg hat danach noch 60 Jahre gelebt. Es dauerte zunächst sechs Jahre, bis er wieder kräftig genug war, ein Instrument zu spielen. 30-jährig saß er dann endlich in einem Orchester und begann ein normales Berufsleben. Aber sein Körper und seine Seele waren für immer aus jeder Normalität gerissen. Irgendwo in Russland war ihm die linke Hüfte so versteift worden, dass sich seine Beine im Liegen an Wade und Schienbein überkreuzten. Er musste also stets den Oberkörper vorbeugen, um überhaupt laufen zu können. Über die Jahrzehnte verzog sich so sein gesamter Knochenbau. Jeder Tag brachte neue orthopädische Probleme und Schmerzen. Ärzte, Masseure, Physiotherapeuten, Schmerzmittel und Spezialausrüstungen aller Art prägten die Tagesabläufe. Asymmetrisch standen seine Schuhe nebeneinander, die ein Spezialschuster ihm mit erhöhter Sohle und Seitenstabilisierung am Knöchel fertigte. Sessel oder Sofas waren ihm nicht nutzbar, da er nur auf einem Spezialstuhl mit halb abgesenkter Sitzfläche Ruhe fand. Auf fremden Stühlen konnte er nur deren Vorderkante nutzen. ### "In den Nächten schrie er im Schlaf" Und auch wenn er sich ohne Krankheitstage bis zuletzt durch seinen Berufsalltag kämpfte, so gab es doch viele Tage voller entsetzlicher Schmerzen, wenn sich seine verdrehte Wirbelsäule zur Migräne in den Kopf bohrte. Bei alledem hörte man ihn allerdings niemals über sein Schicksal klagen. Er ertrug den ganzen Wahnsinn mit einer unbeschreiblichen Duldsamkeit. Nur in den Nächten schrie er bisweilen im Schlaf. In einem seiner Alpträume fürchtete er, Menschen getötet zu haben. Aber auch das erzählte er jahrzehntelang einzig seiner Frau. Als sich einige Jahre vor seinem Tod der orthopädische Zustand weiter verschlechterte, konsultierte er einen Operateur, um Entlastungsmöglichkeiten zu erörtern. Der legte ihn auf eine Untersuchungsliege und empfahl, Verbesserungsversuche zu unterlassen, weil sie die Lage allenfalls verschlechtern konnten. In dem Moment, als er sich von der Liege erheben sollte, wurde deutlich, dass ihm dies nicht gelang. Die gereichte Hand, um ihn hochzuziehen, ignorierte er. Stattdessen rieb er seinen Rumpf ganz alleine eine quälend lange Minute über die Fläche, bis er endlich einen Winkel fand, um sich selbst in die Senkrechte zu bugsieren. Sich nicht auf andere verlassen, war sein Überlebenskonzept. Jahre später, als sich sein Zustand noch weiter verschlechtert hatte, lächelte er über seine Behinderung: „Ich hätte schon vor 60 Jahren tot auf einem Acker in Russland liegen können.“ Alles gehe irgendwann vorbei, tröstete er sich. Das war das andere Überlebenskonzept: liebevoll, friedfertig und sanft anderen gegenüber, unerbittlich mit sich selbst. Sechs Monate vor seinem Tod saß er morgens regungslos auf seinem Spezialstuhl. Eine Altenpflegerin fand ihn und schlug Alarm. Mit allen Kunstgriffen der medizinischen Technik wurde er noch einmal in das Leben zurückkatapultiert. Aber seine Kräfte waren erschöpft. Es schob sich das Grauen der Vergangenheit zwischen ihn und die Welt. Bettlägerig kreiste er um sich selbst, erkannte niemanden und starrte mit weit offenen Augen an die Decke. „Die Russen schmeißen wieder Brandbomben!“, war einer seiner letzten Sätze. Der kleine Junge aus Schlesien ist nicht zu weich geraten. Er hat sein Leid mit unbeugsamer Duldsamkeit ertragen. Er trug es wohl als Strafe für das Leid, das er anderen anzutun genötigt worden war. An seinem Geburtstag blühen immer die Magnolien. In diesem Jahr zum hundertsten Mal. *Dieser Text wurde am 23.3.2024 erstveröffentlicht auf* *[„eigentümlich frei“.](https://ef-magazin.de/2024/03/23/21072-make-love-not-law-kriegstuechtig)* *** *Carlos A. Gebauer studierte Philosophie, Neuere Geschichte, Sprach-, Rechts- und Musikwissenschaften in Düsseldorf, Bayreuth und Bonn. Sein juristisches Referendariat absolvierte er in Düsseldorf, u.a. mit Wahlstationen bei der Landesrundfunkanstalt NRW, bei der Spezialkammer für Kassenarztrecht des Sozialgerichtes Düsseldorf und bei dem Gnadenbeauftragten der Staatsanwaltschaft Düsseldorf.* *Er war unter anderem als Rechtsanwalt und Notarvertreter bis er im November 2003 vom nordrhein-westfälischen Justizministerium zum Richter am Anwaltsgericht für den Bezirk der Rechtsanwaltskammer Düsseldorf ernannt wurde. Seit April 2012 arbeitet er in der Düsseldorfer Rechtsanwaltskanzlei Lindenau, Prior & Partner. Im Juni 2015 wählte ihn die Friedrich-August-von-Hayek-Gesellschaft zu ihrem Stellvertretenden Vorsitzenden. Seit Dezember 2015 ist er Richter im Zweiten Senat des Anwaltsgerichtshofes NRW.* *1995 hatte er parallel zu seiner anwaltlichen Tätigkeit mit dem Verfassen gesellschaftspolitischer und juristischer Texte begonnen. Diese erschienen seither unter anderem in der Neuen Juristischen Wochenschrift (NJW), der Zeitschrift für Rechtspolitik (ZRP) in der [Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung](http://www.faz.de/), der [Freien Presse Chemnitz](http://www.freiepresse.de/), dem „Schweizer Monat“ oder dem Magazin für politische Kultur CICERO. Seit dem Jahr 2005 ist Gebauer ständiger Kolumnist und Autor des Magazins „eigentümlich frei“.* *Gebauer glaubt als puristischer Liberaler unverbrüchlich an die sittliche Verpflichtung eines jeden einzelnen, sein Leben für sich selbst und für seine Mitmenschen verantwortlich zu gestalten; jede Fremdbestimmung durch Gesetze, staatliche Verwaltung, politischen Einfluss oder sonstige Gewalteinwirkung hat sich demnach auf ein ethisch vertretbares Minimum zu beschränken. Die Vorstellung eines europäischen Bundesstaates mit zentral detailsteuernder, supranationaler Staatsgewalt hält er für absurd und verfassungswidrig.*  \ **Aktuelle Bücher:** Hayeks Warnung vor der Knechtschaft (2024) – [hier im Handel](https://www.buchkomplizen.de/hayeks-warnung-vor-der-knechtschaft.html?listtype=search\&searchparam=Carlos%2520A%2520gebauer) Das Prinzip Verantwortungslosigkeit (2023) – [hier im Handel](https://www.buchkomplizen.de/das-prinzip-verantwortungslosigkeit.html?listtype=search\&searchparam=Carlos%2520A%2520gebauer) *** **LASSEN SIE DER FRIEDENSTAUBE FLÜGEL WACHSEN!** ***[Hier](https://pareto.space/u/friedenstaube@pareto.space)*** *können Sie die Friedenstaube abonnieren und bekommen die Artikel zugesandt.* Schon jetzt können Sie uns unterstützen: * Für **50 CHF/EURO** bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo der Friedenstaube. * Für **120 CHF/EURO** bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo und ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube. * Für **500 CHF/EURO** werden Sie Förderer und bekommen ein lebenslanges Abo sowie ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube. * Ab **1000 CHF** werden Sie Genossenschafter der Friedenstaube mit Stimmrecht (und bekommen lebenslanges Abo, T-Shirt/Hoodie). **Für Einzahlungen in CHF (Betreff: Friedenstaube):**  **Für Einzahlungen in Euro:** Milosz Matuschek IBAN DE 53710520500000814137 BYLADEM1TST Sparkasse Traunstein-Trostberg **Betreff: Friedenstaube** Wenn Sie auf anderem Wege beitragen wollen, schreiben Sie die Friedenstaube an: <milosz@pareto.space> *** **Sie sind noch nicht auf** [Nostr](https://nostr.com/) **and wollen die volle Erfahrung machen (liken, kommentieren etc.)? Zappen können Sie den Autor auch ohne Nostr-Profil!** Erstellen Sie sich einen Account auf [Start.](https://start.njump.me/) Weitere Onboarding-Leitfäden gibt es im [Pareto-Wiki.](https://wiki.pareto.space/de/home)

@ 378562cd:a6fc6773

Bitcoin transaction fees might seem confusing, but don’t worry—I’ll break it down step by step in a simple way. 🚀 Unlike traditional bank fees, Bitcoin fees aren’t fixed. Instead, they depend on: ✔️ Transaction size (in bytes, not BTC!) ✔️ Network demand (more traffic = higher fees) ✔️ Fee rate (measured in satoshis per byte) Let’s dive in! 👇 📌 Why Do Bitcoin Transactions Have Fees? Bitcoin miners process transactions and add them to the blockchain. Fees serve three key purposes: 🔹 Incentivize Miners – They receive fees + block rewards. 🔹 Prevent Spam – Stops the network from being flooded. 🔹 Prioritize Transactions – Higher fees = faster confirmations. 💰 How Are Bitcoin Fees Calculated? Bitcoin fees are not based on the amount of BTC you send. Instead, they depend on how much space your transaction takes up in a block. 🧩 1️⃣ Transaction Size (Bytes, Not BTC!) Bitcoin transactions vary in size (measured in bytes). More inputs and outputs = larger transactions. Larger transactions take up more block space, meaning higher fees. 📊 2️⃣ Fee Rate (Sats Per Byte) Fees are measured in satoshis per byte (sat/vB). You set your own fee based on how fast you want the transaction confirmed. When demand is high, fees rise as users compete for block space. ⚡ 3️⃣ Network Demand If the network is busy, miners prioritize transactions with higher fees. Low-fee transactions may take hours or even days to confirm. 🔢 Example: Calculating a Bitcoin Transaction Fee Let’s say: 📦 Your transaction is 250 bytes. 💲 The current fee rate is 50 sat/vB. Formula: 🖩 Transaction Fee = Size × Fee Rate = 250 bytes × 50 sat/vB = 12,500 satoshis (0.000125 BTC) 💡 If 1 BTC = $60,000, the fee would be: 0.000125 BTC × $60,000 = $7.50 🚀 How to Lower Bitcoin Fees? Want to save on fees? Try these tips: 🔹 Use SegWit Addresses – Reduces transaction size! 🔹 Batch Transactions – Combine multiple payments into one. 🔹 Wait for Low Traffic – Fees fluctuate based on demand. 🔹 Use the Lightning Network – Near-zero fees for small payments. 🏁 Final Thoughts Bitcoin fees aren’t fixed—they depend on transaction size, fee rate, and network demand. By understanding how fees work, you can save money and optimize your transactions! 🔍 Want real-time fee estimates? Check mempool.space for live data! 🚀