@ 3ffac3a6:2d656657

🔧 Infrastructure Overview

• Hardware: Raspberry Pi 5 with PCIe NVMe HAT and 2TB NVMe SSD
• Filesystem: ZFS with separate datasets for each service
• Networking: Docker bridge networks for service segmentation
• Privacy: Tor and I2P routing for anonymous communication
• Public Access: Cloudflare Tunnel to securely expose LNbits

📊 Architecture Diagram

🛠️ Setup Steps

1. Prepare the System

• Install Raspberry Pi OS (64-bit)
• Set up ZFS on the NVMe disk
• Create a ZFS dataset for each service (e.g., bitcoin, lnd, rtl, lnbits, tor-data)
• Install Docker and Docker Compose

2. Create Shared Docker Network and Privacy Layers

Create a shared Docker bridge network: bash docker network create \ --driver=bridge \ --subnet=192.168.100.0/24 \ bitcoin-net

Note: Connect bitcoind, lnd, rtl, internal lnbits, tor, and i2p to this bitcoin-net network.

Tor

• Run Tor in a container
• Configure it to expose LND's gRPC and REST ports via hidden services: HiddenServicePort 10009 192.168.100.31:10009 HiddenServicePort 8080 192.168.100.31:8080
• Set correct permissions: bash sudo chown -R 102:102 /zfs/datasets/tor-data

I2P

• Run I2P in a container with SAM and SOCKS proxies
• Update bitcoin.conf: i2psam=192.168.100.20:7656 i2pacceptincoming=1

3. Set Up Bitcoin Core

• Create a bitcoin.conf with Tor/I2P/proxy settings and ZMQ enabled
• Sync the blockchain in a container using its ZFS dataset

4. Set Up LND

• Configure lnd.conf to connect to bitcoind and use Tor: ```ini [Bitcoind] bitcoind.rpchost=bitcoin:8332 bitcoind.rpcuser=bitcoin bitcoind.rpcpass=very-hard-password bitcoind.zmqpubrawblock=tcp://bitcoin:28332 bitcoind.zmqpubrawtx=tcp://bitcoin:28333

[Application Options] externalip=xxxxxxxx.onion `` - Don’t expose gRPC or REST ports publicly - Mount the ZFS dataset at/root/.lnd` - Optionally enable Watchtower

5. Set Up RTL

• Mount RTL-Config.json and data volumes
• Expose RTL's web interface locally: ```yaml ports:
  • "3000:3000" ```

6. Set Up Internal LNbits

• Connect the LNbits container to bitcoin-net
• Mount the data directory and LND cert/macaroons (read-only)
• Expose the LNbits UI on the local network: ```yaml ports:
  • "5000:5000" ```
• In the web UI, configure the funding source to point to the LND REST .onion address and paste the hex macaroon
• Create and fund a wallet, and copy its Admin Key for external use

7. Set Up External LNbits + Cloudflare Tunnel

• Run another LNbits container on a separate Docker network
• Access the internal LNbits via the host IP and port 5000
• Use the Admin Key from the internal wallet to configure funding
• In the Cloudflare Zero Trust dashboard:
• Create a tunnel
• Select Docker, copy the --token command
• Add to Docker Compose: yaml command: tunnel --no-autoupdate run --token eyJ...your_token...

💾 Backup Strategy

• Bitcoin Core: hourly ZFS snapshots, retained for 6 hours
• Other Services: hourly snapshots with remote .tar.gz backups
• Retention: 7d hourly, 30d daily, 12mo weekly, monthly forever
• Back up ZFS snapshots to avoid inconsistencies

🔐 Security Isolation Benefits

This architecture isolates services by scope and function:

• Internal traffic stays on bitcoin-net
• Sensitive APIs (gRPC, REST) are reachable only via Tor
• Public access is controlled by Cloudflare Tunnel

Extra Security: Host the public LNbits on a separate machine (e.g., hardened VPS) with strict firewall rules:

• Allow only Cloudflare egress
• Allow ingress from your local IP
• Allow outbound access to internal LNbits (port 5000)

Use WireGuard VPN to secure the connection between external and internal LNbits:

• Ensures encrypted communication
• Restricts access to authenticated VPN peers
• Keeps the internal interface isolated from the public internet

✅ Final Notes

• Internal services communicate over bitcoin-net
• LND interfaces are accessed via Tor only
• LNbits and RTL UIs are locally accessible
• Cloudflare Tunnel secures external access to LNbits

Monitor system health using monit, watchtower, or Prometheus.

Create all configuration files manually (bitcoin.conf, lnd.conf, RTL-Config.json), and keep credentials secure. Test every component locally before exposing it externally.

⚡

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

I started writing a series on the signs of the End Times and how they align with what we are seeing in the world today. There are some major concerns with predicting the end times, so I decided I should insert a short post on “Can we know when the end times are coming?” Like many principles in the Bible, it takes looking at seemingly contradictory verses to reach the truth.

This Generation

Before I get into “Can we know?” I want to address one point that some will bring up against a future Rapture, Tribulation, and Millennium.

Truly I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things take place. (Matthew 24:34) {emphasis mine}

What generation is Jesus talking about. Most Christians that don’t believe in a future Rapture, Tribulation, and Millennium will point to this verse to support their point of view. The important question is, “What is Jesus referring to with the words ‘this generation’?”

Is it referring to the people He was talking to at that time? If so, since that generation died long ago, then Jesus’s predictions must have been fulfilled almost 2 millennia ago. The problem with this interpretation is that nothing resembling these predictions happened during that initial generation. You have to really twist His words to try to support that they were fulfilled. Also, John wrote in Revelation about future fulfillment. By that time, John was the last of the apostles still alive and that whole generation was pretty much gone.

If “this generation” doesn’t refer to the people Jesus was speaking to personally in that moment, then to whom does it refer? The verses immediately preceding talk about the signs that will occur right before the end times. If you take “this generation” to mean the people who saw the signs Jesus predicted, then everything suddenly makes sense. It also parallel’s Paul’s statement of consolation to those who thought they had been left behind,**

But we do not want you to be uninformed, brethren, about those who are asleep, so that you will not grieve as do the rest who have no hope. For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so God will bring with Him those who have fallen asleep in Jesus. For this we say to you by the word of the Lord, that we who are alive and remain until the coming of the Lord, will not precede those who have fallen asleep. For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. Then we who are alive and remain will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we shall always be with the Lord. Therefore comfort one another with these words. (1 Thessalonians 4:13-18) {emphasis mine}

Some believers thought things were happening in their lifetime, but Paul gave them comfort that no believer would miss the end times rapture.

No One Knows

Truly I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things take place. Heaven and earth will pass away, but My words will not pass away.

But of that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the Father alone. For the coming of the Son of Man will be just like the days of Noah. For as in those days before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noah entered the ark, and they did not understand until the flood came and took them all away; so will the coming of the Son of Man be. Then there will be two men in the field; one will be taken and one will be left. Two women will be grinding at the mill; one will be taken and one will be left. (Matthew 24:34-41) {emphasis mine}

This verse very explicitly says that no one, not even angels or Jesus, knows the exact day or hour of His coming.

So when they had come together, they were asking Him, saying, “Lord, is it at this time You are restoring the kingdom to Israel?” He said to them, “It is not for you to know times or epochs which the Father has fixed by His own authority; but you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be My witnesses both in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and even to the remotest part of the earth.” (Acts 1:6-8)

In this verse Jesus again says that they cannot know the time of His return, but based on context, He is explaining that this generation needs to focus on sharing the Gospel with world and not primarily on the kingdom. Is this Jesus’s way of telling them that they would not be alive to see His return, but they would be responsible for “sharing the Gospel even to the remotest part of the earth?”

Therefore we do know that predicting the exact date of His return is a fool’s errand and should not be attempted, but does this mean we can’t know when it is fast approaching?

We Should Know

There is an opposing passage, though.

The Pharisees and Sadducees came up, and testing Jesus, they asked Him to show them a sign from heaven. But He replied to them, “When it is evening, you say, ‘It will be fair weather, for the sky is red.’ And in the morning, ‘There will be a storm today, for the sky is red and threatening.’ Do you know how to discern the appearance of the sky, but cannot discern the signs of the times? An evil and adulterous generation seeks after a sign; and a sign will not be given it, except the sign of Jonah.” And He left them and went away. (Matthew 16:1-4) {emphasis mine}

In this passage, Jesus reprimands the Pharisees and Sadducees because, although they can rightly read the signs of the weather, they were unable to know and understand the prophecies of His first coming. Especially as the religious leaders, they should’ve been able to determine that Jesus’s coming was imminent and that He was fulfilling the prophetic Scriptures.

In Luke, when Jesus is discussing His second coming with His disciples, He tells this parable:

Then He told them a parable: “Behold the fig tree and all the trees; as soon as they put forth leaves, you see it and know for yourselves that summer is now near. So you also, when you see these things happening, recognize that the kingdom of God is near. (Luke 21:29-31) {emphasis mine}

Jesus would not have given this parable if there were not signs of His coming that we can recognize.

We are expected to know the Scriptures and to study them looking for the signs of His second coming. We can’t know the hour or the day, but we can know that the time is fast approaching. We shouldn’t set dates, but we should search anxiously for the signs of His coming. We shouldn’t be like the scoffers that question His literal fulfillment of His promises:

Know this first of all, that in the last days mockers will come with their mocking, following after their own lusts, and saying, “Where is the promise of His coming? For ever since the fathers fell asleep, all continues just as it was from the beginning of creation.” For when they maintain this, it escapes their notice that by the word of God the heavens existed long ago and the earth was formed out of water and by water, through which the world at that time was destroyed, being flooded with water. But by His word the present heavens and earth are being reserved for fire, kept for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men. But do not let this one fact escape your notice, beloved, that with the Lord one day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years like one day. The Lord is not slow about His promise, as some count slowness, but is patient toward you, not wishing for any to perish but for all to come to repentance. (2 Peter 3:3-9) {emphasis mine}

One thing is certain, we are closer to Jesus’s second coming than we have ever been and must be ready as we see the day approaching.

May the God of heaven give you a desire and urgency to share the Gospel with all those around you and to grow your faith, knowledge, and relationship with Him, so you can finish the race well, with no regrets. May the knowledge that Jesus could be coming soon give you an eternal perspective on life, so you put more of your time into things of eternal consequence and don’t get overwhelmed with things of the world which are here today and then are gone.

Trust Jesus.

FYI, I hope to write several more articles on the end times (signs of the times, the rapture, the millennium, and the judgement), but I might be a bit slow rolling them out because I want to make sure they are accurate and well supported by Scripture. You can see my previous posts on the end times on the end times tab at trustjesus.substack.com. I also frequently will list upcoming posts.

@ 1d7ff02a:d042b5be

ທຳຄວາມເຂົ້າໃຈກັບຂໍ້ບົກພ່ອງໃນລະບົບເງິນຂອງພວກເຮົາ

ຫຼາຍຄົນພົບຄວາມຫຍຸ້ງຍາກໃນການເຂົ້າໃຈ Bitcoin ເພາະວ່າພວກເຂົາຍັງບໍ່ເຂົ້າໃຈບັນຫາພື້ນຖານຂອງລະບົບເງິນທີ່ມີຢູ່ຂອງພວກເຮົາ. ລະບົບນີ້, ທີ່ມັກຖືກຮັບຮູ້ວ່າມີຄວາມໝັ້ນຄົງ, ມີຂໍ້ບົກພ່ອງໃນການອອກແບບທີ່ມີມາແຕ່ດັ້ງເດີມ ເຊິ່ງສົ່ງຜົນຕໍ່ຄວາມບໍ່ສະເໝີພາບທາງເສດຖະກິດ ແລະ ການເຊື່ອມເສຍຂອງຄວາມຮັ່ງມີສຳລັບພົນລະເມືອງທົ່ວໄປ. ການເຂົ້າໃຈບັນຫາເຫຼົ່ານີ້ແມ່ນກຸນແຈສຳຄັນເພື່ອເຂົ້າໃຈທ່າແຮງຂອງວິທີແກ້ໄຂທີ່ Bitcoin ສະເໜີ.

ບົດບາດຂອງກະຊວງການຄັງສະຫະລັດ ແລະ ທະນາຄານກາງ

ລະບົບເງິນຕາປັດຈຸບັນໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາປະກອບມີການເຊື່ອມໂຍງທີ່ຊັບຊ້ອນລະຫວ່າງກະຊວງການຄັງສະຫະລັດ ແລະ ທະນາຄານກາງ. ກະຊວງການຄັງສະຫະລັດເຮັດໜ້າທີ່ເປັນບັນຊີທະນາຄານຂອງປະເທດ, ເກັບອາກອນ ແລະ ສະໜັບສະໜູນລາຍຈ່າຍຂອງລັດຖະບານເຊັ່ນ: ທະຫານ, ໂຄງລ່າງພື້ນຖານ ແລະ ໂຄງການສັງຄົມ. ເຖິງຢ່າງໃດກໍຕາມ, ລັດຖະບານມັກໃຊ້ຈ່າຍຫຼາຍກວ່າທີ່ເກັບໄດ້, ເຊິ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ຕ້ອງໄດ້ຢືມເງິນ. ການຢືມນີ້ແມ່ນເຮັດໂດຍການຂາຍພັນທະບັດລັດຖະບານ, ຊຶ່ງມັນຄືໃບ IOU ທີ່ສັນຍາວ່າຈະຈ່າຍຄືນຈຳນວນທີ່ຢືມພ້ອມດອກເບ້ຍ. ພັນທະບັດເຫຼົ່ານີ້ມັກຖືກຊື້ໂດຍທະນາຄານໃຫຍ່, ລັດຖະບານຕ່າງປະເທດ, ແລະ ທີ່ສຳຄັນ, ທະນາຄານກາງ.

ວິທີການສ້າງເງິນ (ຈາກອາກາດ)

ນີ້ແມ່ນບ່ອນທີ່ເກີດການສ້າງເງິນ "ຈາກອາກາດ". ເມື່ອທະນາຄານກາງຊື້ພັນທະບັດເຫຼົ່ານີ້, ມັນບໍ່ໄດ້ໃຊ້ເງິນທີ່ມີຢູ່ແລ້ວ; ມັນສ້າງເງິນໃໝ່ດ້ວຍວິທີການດິຈິຕອນໂດຍພຽງແຕ່ປ້ອນຕົວເລກເຂົ້າໃນຄອມພິວເຕີ. ເງິນໃໝ່ນີ້ຖືກເພີ່ມເຂົ້າໃນປະລິມານເງິນລວມ. ຍິ່ງສ້າງເງິນຫຼາຍຂຶ້ນ ແລະ ເພີ່ມເຂົ້າໄປ, ມູນຄ່າຂອງເງິນທີ່ມີຢູ່ແລ້ວກໍຍິ່ງຫຼຸດລົງ. ຂະບວນການນີ້ຄືສິ່ງທີ່ພວກເຮົາເອີ້ນວ່າເງິນເຟີ້. ເນື່ອງຈາກກະຊວງການຄັງຢືມຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ ແລະ ທະນາຄານກາງສາມາດພິມໄດ້ຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ, ສິ່ງນີ້ຖືກສະເໜີວ່າເປັນວົງຈອນທີ່ບໍ່ມີທີ່ສິ້ນສຸດ.

ການໃຫ້ກູ້ຢືມສະຫງວນບາງສ່ວນໂດຍທະນາຄານ

ເພີ່ມເຂົ້າໃນບັນຫານີ້ຄືການປະຕິບັດຂອງການໃຫ້ກູ້ຢືມສະຫງວນບາງສ່ວນໂດຍທະນາຄານ. ເມື່ອທ່ານຝາກເງິນເຂົ້າທະນາຄານ, ທະນາຄານຖືກຮຽກຮ້ອງໃຫ້ເກັບຮັກສາພຽງແຕ່ສ່ວນໜຶ່ງຂອງເງິນຝາກນັ້ນໄວ້ເປັນເງິນສະຫງວນ (ຕົວຢ່າງ, 10%). ສ່ວນທີ່ເຫຼືອ (90%) ສາມາດຖືກປ່ອຍກູ້. ເມື່ອຜູ້ກູ້ຢືມໃຊ້ຈ່າຍເງິນນັ້ນ, ມັນມັກຖືກຝາກເຂົ້າອີກທະນາຄານ, ເຊິ່ງຈາກນັ້ນກໍຈະເຮັດຊ້ຳຂະບວນການໃຫ້ກູ້ຢືມສ່ວນໜຶ່ງຂອງເງິນຝາກ. ວົງຈອນນີ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ເພີ່ມຈຳນວນເງິນທີ່ໝູນວຽນຢູ່ໃນລະບົບໂດຍອີງໃສ່ເງິນຝາກເບື້ອງຕົ້ນ, ເຊິ່ງສ້າງເງິນຜ່ານໜີ້ສິນ. ລະບົບນີ້ໂດຍທຳມະຊາດແລ້ວບອບບາງ; ຖ້າມີຫຼາຍຄົນພະຍາຍາມຖອນເງິນຝາກຂອງເຂົາເຈົ້າພ້ອມກັນ (ການແລ່ນທະນາຄານ), ທະນາຄານກໍຈະລົ້ມເພາະວ່າມັນບໍ່ໄດ້ເກັບຮັກສາເງິນທັງໝົດໄວ້. ເງິນໃນທະນາຄານບໍ່ປອດໄພຄືກັບທີ່ເຊື່ອກັນທົ່ວໄປ ແລະ ສາມາດຖືກແຊ່ແຂງໃນຊ່ວງວິກິດການ ຫຼື ສູນເສຍຖ້າທະນາຄານລົ້ມລະລາຍ (ຍົກເວັ້ນໄດ້ຮັບການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ).

ຜົນກະທົບ Cantillon: ໃຜໄດ້ຮັບຜົນປະໂຫຍດກ່ອນ

ເງິນທີ່ຖືກສ້າງຂຶ້ນໃໝ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ກະຈາຍຢ່າງເທົ່າທຽມກັນ. "ຜົນກະທົບ Cantillon", ບ່ອນທີ່ຜູ້ທີ່ຢູ່ໃກ້ກັບແຫຼ່ງສ້າງເງິນໄດ້ຮັບຜົນປະໂຫຍດກ່ອນ. ນີ້ລວມເຖິງລັດຖະບານເອງ (ສະໜັບສະໜູນລາຍຈ່າຍ), ທະນາຄານໃຫຍ່ ແລະ Wall Street (ໄດ້ຮັບທຶນໃນອັດຕາດອກເບ້ຍຕ່ຳສຳລັບການກູ້ຢືມ ແລະ ການລົງທຶນ), ແລະ ບໍລິສັດໃຫຍ່ (ເຂົ້າເຖິງເງິນກູ້ທີ່ຖືກກວ່າສຳລັບການລົງທຶນ). ບຸກຄົນເຫຼົ່ານີ້ໄດ້ຊື້ຊັບສິນ ຫຼື ລົງທຶນກ່ອນທີ່ຜົນກະທົບຂອງເງິນເຟີ້ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ລາຄາສູງຂຶ້ນ, ເຊິ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ພວກເຂົາມີຂໍ້ໄດ້ປຽບ.

ຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ຄົນທົ່ວໄປ

ສຳລັບຄົນທົ່ວໄປ, ຜົນກະທົບຂອງປະລິມານເງິນທີ່ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນນີ້ແມ່ນການເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຂອງລາຄາສິນຄ້າ ແລະ ການບໍລິການ - ນ້ຳມັນ, ຄ່າເຊົ່າ, ການດູແລສຸຂະພາບ, ອາຫານ, ແລະ ອື່ນໆ. ເນື່ອງຈາກຄ່າແຮງງານໂດຍທົ່ວໄປບໍ່ທັນກັບອັດຕາເງິນເຟີ້ນີ້, ອຳນາດການຊື້ຂອງປະຊາຊົນຈະຫຼຸດລົງເມື່ອເວລາຜ່ານໄປ. ມັນຄືກັບການແລ່ນໄວຂຶ້ນພຽງເພື່ອຢູ່ໃນບ່ອນເກົ່າ.

Bitcoin: ທາງເລືອກເງິນທີ່ໝັ້ນຄົງ

ຄວາມຂາດແຄນ: ບໍ່ຄືກັບເງິນຕາ fiat, Bitcoin ມີຂີດຈຳກັດສູງສຸດໃນປະລິມານຂອງມັນ. ຈະມີພຽງ 21 ລ້ານ Bitcoin ເທົ່ານັ້ນຖືກສ້າງຂຶ້ນ, ຂີດຈຳກັດນີ້ຝັງຢູ່ໃນໂຄດຂອງມັນ ແລະ ບໍ່ສາມາດປ່ຽນແປງໄດ້. ການສະໜອງທີ່ຈຳກັດນີ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ Bitcoin ເປັນເງິນຫຼຸດລາຄາ; ເມື່ອຄວາມຕ້ອງການເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ, ມູນຄ່າຂອງມັນມີແນວໂນ້ມທີ່ຈະເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນເພາະວ່າປະລິມານການສະໜອງບໍ່ສາມາດຂະຫຍາຍຕົວ.

ຄວາມທົນທານ: Bitcoin ຢູ່ໃນ blockchain, ເຊິ່ງເປັນປຶ້ມບັນຊີສາທາລະນະທີ່ແບ່ງປັນກັນຂອງທຸກການເຮັດທຸລະກຳທີ່ແທບຈະເປັນໄປບໍ່ໄດ້ທີ່ຈະລຶບ ຫຼື ປ່ຽນແປງ. ປຶ້ມບັນຊີນີ້ຖືກກະຈາຍໄປທົ່ວພັນຄອມພິວເຕີ (nodes) ທົ່ວໂລກ. ແມ້ແຕ່ຖ້າອິນເຕີເນັດລົ້ມ, ເຄືອຂ່າຍສາມາດຢູ່ຕໍ່ໄປໄດ້ຜ່ານວິທີການອື່ນເຊັ່ນ: ດາວທຽມ ຫຼື ຄື້ນວິທະຍຸ. ມັນບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບຜົນກະທົບຈາກການທຳລາຍທາງກາຍະພາບຂອງເງິນສົດ ຫຼື ການແຮັກຖານຂໍ້ມູນແບບລວມສູນ.

ການພົກພາ: Bitcoin ສາມາດຖືກສົ່ງໄປໃນທຸກບ່ອນໃນໂລກໄດ້ທັນທີ, 24/7, ດ້ວຍການເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ອິນເຕີເນັດ, ໂດຍບໍ່ຈຳເປັນຕ້ອງມີທະນາຄານ ຫຼື ການອະນຸຍາດຈາກພາກສ່ວນທີສາມ. ທ່ານສາມາດເກັບຮັກສາ Bitcoin ຂອງທ່ານໄດ້ດ້ວຍຕົນເອງໃນອຸປະກອນທີ່ເອີ້ນວ່າກະເປົາເຢັນ, ແລະ ຕາບໃດທີ່ທ່ານຮູ້ວະລີກະແຈລັບຂອງທ່ານ, ທ່ານສາມາດເຂົ້າເຖິງເງິນຂອງທ່ານຈາກກະເປົາທີ່ເຂົ້າກັນໄດ້, ເຖິງແມ່ນວ່າອຸປະກອນຈະສູນຫາຍ. ສິ່ງນີ້ສະດວກສະບາຍກວ່າ ແລະ ມີຄວາມສ່ຽງໜ້ອຍກວ່າການພົກພາເງິນສົດຈຳນວນຫຼາຍ ຫຼື ການນຳທາງການໂອນເງິນສາກົນທີ່ຊັບຊ້ອນ.

ການແບ່ງຍ່ອຍ: Bitcoin ສາມາດແບ່ງຍ່ອຍໄດ້ສູງ. ໜຶ່ງ Bitcoin ສາມາດແບ່ງເປັນ 100 ລ້ານໜ່ວຍຍ່ອຍທີ່ເອີ້ນວ່າ Satoshis, ເຊິ່ງອະນຸຍາດໃຫ້ສົ່ງ ຫຼື ຮັບຈຳນວນນ້ອຍໄດ້.

ຄວາມສາມາດໃນການທົດແທນກັນ: ໜຶ່ງ Bitcoin ທຽບເທົ່າກັບໜຶ່ງ Bitcoin ໃນມູນຄ່າ, ໂດຍທົ່ວໄປ. ໃນຂະນະທີ່ເງິນໂດລາແບບດັ້ງເດີມອາດສາມາດຖືກຕິດຕາມ, ແຊ່ແຂງ, ຫຼື ຍຶດໄດ້, ໂດຍສະເພາະໃນຮູບແບບດິຈິຕອນ ຫຼື ຖ້າຖືກພິຈາລະນາວ່າໜ້າສົງໄສ, ແຕ່ລະໜ່ວຍຂອງ Bitcoin ໂດຍທົ່ວໄປຖືກປະຕິບັດຢ່າງເທົ່າທຽມກັນ.

ການພິສູດຢັ້ງຢືນ: ທຸກການເຮັດທຸລະກຳ Bitcoin ຖືກບັນທຶກໄວ້ໃນ blockchain, ເຊິ່ງທຸກຄົນສາມາດເບິ່ງ ແລະ ພິສູດຢັ້ງຢືນ. ຂະບວນການພິສູດຢັ້ງຢືນທີ່ກະຈາຍນີ້, ດຳເນີນໂດຍເຄືອຂ່າຍ, ໝາຍຄວາມວ່າທ່ານບໍ່ຈຳເປັນຕ້ອງເຊື່ອຖືທະນາຄານ ຫຼື ສະຖາບັນໃດໜຶ່ງແບບມືດບອດເພື່ອຢືນຢັນຄວາມຖືກຕ້ອງຂອງເງິນຂອງທ່ານ.

ການຕ້ານການກວດກາ: ເນື່ອງຈາກບໍ່ມີລັດຖະບານ, ບໍລິສັດ, ຫຼື ບຸກຄົນໃດຄວບຄຸມເຄືອຂ່າຍ Bitcoin, ບໍ່ມີໃຜສາມາດຂັດຂວາງທ່ານຈາກການສົ່ງ ຫຼື ຮັບ Bitcoin, ແຊ່ແຂງເງິນຂອງທ່ານ, ຫຼື ຍຶດມັນ. ມັນເປັນລະບົບທີ່ບໍ່ຕ້ອງຂໍອະນຸຍາດ, ເຊິ່ງໃຫ້ຜູ້ໃຊ້ຄວບຄຸມເຕັມທີ່ຕໍ່ເງິນຂອງເຂົາເຈົ້າ.

ການກະຈາຍອຳນາດ: Bitcoin ຖືກຮັກສາໂດຍເຄືອຂ່າຍກະຈາຍຂອງບັນດາຜູ້ຂຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ພະລັງງານການຄິດໄລ່ເພື່ອຢັ້ງຢືນການເຮັດທຸລະກຳຜ່ານ "proof of work". ລະບົບທີ່ກະຈາຍນີ້ຮັບປະກັນວ່າບໍ່ມີຈຸດໃດຈຸດໜຶ່ງທີ່ຈະລົ້ມເຫຼວ ຫຼື ຄວບຄຸມ. ທ່ານບໍ່ໄດ້ເພິ່ງພາຂະບວນການທີ່ບໍ່ໂປ່ງໃສຂອງທະນາຄານກາງ; ລະບົບທັງໝົດໂປ່ງໃສຢູ່ໃນ blockchain. ສິ່ງນີ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ບຸກຄົນມີອຳນາດທີ່ຈະເປັນທະນາຄານຂອງຕົນເອງແທ້ ແລະ ຮັບຜິດຊອບຕໍ່ການເງິນຂອງເຂົາເຈົ້າ.

@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4

Tutorial feito por nostr:nostr:npub1rc56x0ek0dd303eph523g3chm0wmrs5wdk6vs0ehd0m5fn8t7y4sqra3tk poste original abaixo:

Parte 1 : http://xh6liiypqffzwnu5734ucwps37tn2g6npthvugz3gdoqpikujju525yd.onion/263585/tutorial-debloat-de-celulares-android-via-adb-parte-1

Parte 2 : http://xh6liiypqffzwnu5734ucwps37tn2g6npthvugz3gdoqpikujju525yd.onion/index.php/263586/tutorial-debloat-de-celulares-android-via-adb-parte-2

Quando o assunto é privacidade em celulares, uma das medidas comumente mencionadas é a remoção de bloatwares do dispositivo, também chamado de debloat. O meio mais eficiente para isso sem dúvidas é a troca de sistema operacional. Custom Rom’s como LineageOS, GrapheneOS, Iodé, CalyxOS, etc, já são bastante enxutos nesse quesito, principalmente quanto não é instalado os G-Apps com o sistema. No entanto, essa prática pode acabar resultando em problemas indesejados como a perca de funções do dispositivo, e até mesmo incompatibilidade com apps bancários, tornando este método mais atrativo para quem possui mais de um dispositivo e separando um apenas para privacidade.   Pensando nisso, pessoas que possuem apenas um único dispositivo móvel, que são necessitadas desses apps ou funções, mas, ao mesmo tempo, tem essa visão em prol da privacidade, buscam por um meio-termo entre manter a Stock rom, e não ter seus dados coletados por esses bloatwares. Felizmente, a remoção de bloatwares é possível e pode ser realizada via root, ou mais da maneira que este artigo irá tratar, via adb.

O que são bloatwares?

Bloatware é a junção das palavras bloat (inchar) + software (programa), ou seja, um bloatware é basicamente um programa inútil ou facilmente substituível — colocado em seu dispositivo previamente pela fabricante e operadora — que está no seu dispositivo apenas ocupando espaço de armazenamento, consumindo memória RAM e pior, coletando seus dados e enviando para servidores externos, além de serem mais pontos de vulnerabilidades.

O que é o adb?

O Android Debug Brigde, ou apenas adb, é uma ferramenta que se utiliza das permissões de usuário shell e permite o envio de comandos vindo de um computador para um dispositivo Android exigindo apenas que a depuração USB esteja ativa, mas também pode ser usada diretamente no celular a partir do Android 11, com o uso do Termux e a depuração sem fio (ou depuração wifi). A ferramenta funciona normalmente em dispositivos sem root, e também funciona caso o celular esteja em Recovery Mode.

Requisitos:

Para computadores:

• Depuração USB ativa no celular; • Computador com adb; • Cabo USB;

Para celulares:

• Depuração sem fio (ou depuração wifi) ativa no celular; • Termux; • Android 11 ou superior;

Para ambos:

• Firewall NetGuard instalado e configurado no celular; • Lista de bloatwares para seu dispositivo;

Ativação de depuração:

Para ativar a Depuração USB em seu dispositivo, pesquise como ativar as opções de desenvolvedor de seu dispositivo, e lá ative a depuração. No caso da depuração sem fio, sua ativação irá ser necessária apenas no momento que for conectar o dispositivo ao Termux.

Instalação e configuração do NetGuard

O NetGuard pode ser instalado através da própria Google Play Store, mas de preferência instale pela F-Droid ou Github para evitar telemetria.

F-Droid: https://f-droid.org/packages/eu.faircode.netguard/

Github: https://github.com/M66B/NetGuard/releases

Após instalado, configure da seguinte maneira:

Configurações → padrões (lista branca/negra) → ative as 3 primeiras opções (bloquear wifi, bloquear dados móveis e aplicar regras ‘quando tela estiver ligada’);

Configurações → opções avançadas → ative as duas primeiras (administrar aplicativos do sistema e registrar acesso a internet);

Com isso, todos os apps estarão sendo bloqueados de acessar a internet, seja por wifi ou dados móveis, e na página principal do app basta permitir o acesso a rede para os apps que você vai usar (se necessário). Permita que o app rode em segundo plano sem restrição da otimização de bateria, assim quando o celular ligar, ele já estará ativo.

Lista de bloatwares

Nem todos os bloatwares são genéricos, haverá bloatwares diferentes conforme a marca, modelo, versão do Android, e até mesmo região.

Para obter uma lista de bloatwares de seu dispositivo, caso seu aparelho já possua um tempo de existência, você encontrará listas prontas facilmente apenas pesquisando por elas. Supondo que temos um Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Plus em mãos, basta pesquisar em seu motor de busca por:

Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Plus bloatware list

Provavelmente essas listas já terão inclusas todos os bloatwares das mais diversas regiões, lhe poupando o trabalho de buscar por alguma lista mais específica.

Caso seu aparelho seja muito recente, e/ou não encontre uma lista pronta de bloatwares, devo dizer que você acaba de pegar em merda, pois é chato para um caralho pesquisar por cada aplicação para saber sua função, se é essencial para o sistema ou se é facilmente substituível.

De antemão já aviso, que mais para frente, caso vossa gostosura remova um desses aplicativos que era essencial para o sistema sem saber, vai acabar resultando na perda de alguma função importante, ou pior, ao reiniciar o aparelho o sistema pode estar quebrado, lhe obrigando a seguir com uma formatação, e repetir todo o processo novamente.

Download do adb em computadores

Para usar a ferramenta do adb em computadores, basta baixar o pacote chamado SDK platform-tools, disponível através deste link: https://developer.android.com/tools/releases/platform-tools. Por ele, você consegue o download para Windows, Mac e Linux.

Uma vez baixado, basta extrair o arquivo zipado, contendo dentro dele uma pasta chamada platform-tools que basta ser aberta no terminal para se usar o adb.

Download do adb em celulares com Termux.

Para usar a ferramenta do adb diretamente no celular, antes temos que baixar o app Termux, que é um emulador de terminal linux, e já possui o adb em seu repositório. Você encontra o app na Google Play Store, mas novamente recomendo baixar pela F-Droid ou diretamente no Github do projeto.

F-Droid: https://f-droid.org/en/packages/com.termux/

Github: https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases

Processo de debloat

Antes de iniciarmos, é importante deixar claro que não é para você sair removendo todos os bloatwares de cara sem mais nem menos, afinal alguns deles precisam antes ser substituídos, podem ser essenciais para você para alguma atividade ou função, ou até mesmo são insubstituíveis.

Alguns exemplos de bloatwares que a substituição é necessária antes da remoção, é o Launcher, afinal, é a interface gráfica do sistema, e o teclado, que sem ele só é possível digitar com teclado externo. O Launcher e teclado podem ser substituídos por quaisquer outros, minha recomendação pessoal é por aqueles que respeitam sua privacidade, como Pie Launcher e Simple Laucher, enquanto o teclado pelo OpenBoard e FlorisBoard, todos open-source e disponíveis da F-Droid.

Identifique entre a lista de bloatwares, quais você gosta, precisa ou prefere não substituir, de maneira alguma você é obrigado a remover todos os bloatwares possíveis, modifique seu sistema a seu bel-prazer. O NetGuard lista todos os apps do celular com o nome do pacote, com isso você pode filtrar bem qual deles não remover.

Um exemplo claro de bloatware insubstituível e, portanto, não pode ser removido, é o com.android.mtp, um protocolo onde sua função é auxiliar a comunicação do dispositivo com um computador via USB, mas por algum motivo, tem acesso a rede e se comunica frequentemente com servidores externos. Para esses casos, e melhor solução mesmo é bloquear o acesso a rede desses bloatwares com o NetGuard.

MTP tentando comunicação com servidores externos:

Executando o adb shell

No computador

Faça backup de todos os seus arquivos importantes para algum armazenamento externo, e formate seu celular com o hard reset. Após a formatação, e a ativação da depuração USB, conecte seu aparelho e o pc com o auxílio de um cabo USB. Muito provavelmente seu dispositivo irá apenas começar a carregar, por isso permita a transferência de dados, para que o computador consiga se comunicar normalmente com o celular.

Já no pc, abra a pasta platform-tools dentro do terminal, e execute o seguinte comando:

./adb start-server

O resultado deve ser:

daemon not running; starting now at tcp:5037 daemon started successfully

E caso não apareça nada, execute:

./adb kill-server

E inicie novamente.

Com o adb conectado ao celular, execute:

./adb shell

Para poder executar comandos diretamente para o dispositivo. No meu caso, meu celular é um Redmi Note 8 Pro, codinome Begonia.

Logo o resultado deve ser:

begonia:/ $

Caso ocorra algum erro do tipo:

adb: device unauthorized. This adb server’s $ADB_VENDOR_KEYS is not set Try ‘adb kill-server’ if that seems wrong. Otherwise check for a confirmation dialog on your device.

Verifique no celular se apareceu alguma confirmação para autorizar a depuração USB, caso sim, autorize e tente novamente. Caso não apareça nada, execute o kill-server e repita o processo.

No celular

Após realizar o mesmo processo de backup e hard reset citado anteriormente, instale o Termux e, com ele iniciado, execute o comando:

pkg install android-tools

Quando surgir a mensagem “Do you want to continue? [Y/n]”, basta dar enter novamente que já aceita e finaliza a instalação

Agora, vá até as opções de desenvolvedor, e ative a depuração sem fio. Dentro das opções da depuração sem fio, terá uma opção de emparelhamento do dispositivo com um código, que irá informar para você um código em emparelhamento, com um endereço IP e porta, que será usado para a conexão com o Termux.

Para facilitar o processo, recomendo que abra tanto as configurações quanto o Termux ao mesmo tempo, e divida a tela com os dois app’s, como da maneira a seguir:

Para parear o Termux com o dispositivo, não é necessário digitar o ip informado, basta trocar por “localhost”, já a porta e o código de emparelhamento, deve ser digitado exatamente como informado. Execute:

adb pair localhost:porta CódigoDeEmparelhamento

De acordo com a imagem mostrada anteriormente, o comando ficaria “adb pair localhost:41255 757495”.

Com o dispositivo emparelhado com o Termux, agora basta conectar para conseguir executar os comandos, para isso execute:

adb connect localhost:porta

Obs: a porta que você deve informar neste comando não é a mesma informada com o código de emparelhamento, e sim a informada na tela principal da depuração sem fio.

Pronto! Termux e adb conectado com sucesso ao dispositivo, agora basta executar normalmente o adb shell:

adb shell

Remoção na prática Com o adb shell executado, você está pronto para remover os bloatwares. No meu caso, irei mostrar apenas a remoção de um app (Google Maps), já que o comando é o mesmo para qualquer outro, mudando apenas o nome do pacote.

Dentro do NetGuard, verificando as informações do Google Maps:

Podemos ver que mesmo fora de uso, e com a localização do dispositivo desativado, o app está tentando loucamente se comunicar com servidores externos, e informar sabe-se lá que peste. Mas sem novidades até aqui, o mais importante é que podemos ver que o nome do pacote do Google Maps é com.google.android.apps.maps, e para o remover do celular, basta executar:

pm uninstall –user 0 com.google.android.apps.maps

E pronto, bloatware removido! Agora basta repetir o processo para o resto dos bloatwares, trocando apenas o nome do pacote.

Para acelerar o processo, você pode já criar uma lista do bloco de notas com os comandos, e quando colar no terminal, irá executar um atrás do outro.

Exemplo de lista:

Caso a donzela tenha removido alguma coisa sem querer, também é possível recuperar o pacote com o comando:

cmd package install-existing nome.do.pacote

Pós-debloat

Após limpar o máximo possível o seu sistema, reinicie o aparelho, caso entre no como recovery e não seja possível dar reboot, significa que você removeu algum app “essencial” para o sistema, e terá que formatar o aparelho e repetir toda a remoção novamente, desta vez removendo poucos bloatwares de uma vez, e reiniciando o aparelho até descobrir qual deles não pode ser removido. Sim, dá trabalho… quem mandou querer privacidade?

Caso o aparelho reinicie normalmente após a remoção, parabéns, agora basta usar seu celular como bem entender! Mantenha o NetGuard sempre executando e os bloatwares que não foram possíveis remover não irão se comunicar com servidores externos, passe a usar apps open source da F-Droid e instale outros apps através da Aurora Store ao invés da Google Play Store.

Referências: Caso você seja um Australopithecus e tenha achado este guia difícil, eis uma videoaula (3:14:40) do Anderson do canal Ciberdef, realizando todo o processo: http://odysee.com/@zai:5/Como-remover-at%C3%A9-200-APLICATIVOS-que-colocam-a-sua-PRIVACIDADE-E-SEGURAN%C3%87A-em-risco.:4?lid=6d50f40314eee7e2f218536d9e5d300290931d23

Pdf’s do Anderson citados na videoaula: créditos ao anon6837264 http://eternalcbrzpicytj4zyguygpmkjlkddxob7tptlr25cdipe5svyqoqd.onion/file/3863a834d29285d397b73a4af6fb1bbe67c888d72d30/t-05e63192d02ffd.pdf

Processo de instalação do Termux e adb no celular: https://youtu.be/APolZrPHSms

@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4

Seu teclado não deve se conectar à internet. Privacidade em primeiro lugar. Sempre. Estamos desenvolvendo um teclado moderno que respeita totalmente sua privacidade e segurança. O FUTO Keyboard é 100% offline e 100% privado, oferecendo todos os recursos essenciais que você espera de um teclado atual — incluindo digitação por deslizamento, entrada de voz offline, correção automática inteligente, temas personalizáveis e sugestões preditivas de texto. Nosso objetivo é simples: criar um teclado eficiente e funcional, sem comprometer a privacidade do usuário. Este projeto é um fork do LatinIME, o teclado open-source oficial do Android.

Atenção: o FUTO Keyboard está atualmente em fase alfa. Está trabalhando para torná-lo estável e confiável, mas durante esse período você pode encontrar bugs, travamentos ou recursos ainda não implementados.

Configurações

Idiomas e Modelos – Adicione novos idiomas, dicionários, modelos de entrada de voz, transformadores e layouts associados.

Linguagens e Modelos

O menu no qual você adiciona novos idiomas, bem como dicionários, modelos de entrada de voz, modelos de transformadores e layouts associados a eles.

Adicionar idioma.

Alguns idiomas exigem o download de um dicionário. Se você também quiser um modelo de entrada de voz para um idioma específico, precisará baixá-lo também. Cada idioma já possui uma seleção de layouts de teclado associados; você pode escolher qual(is) layout(s) deseja adicionar ao adicionar o idioma. https://video.nostr.build/c775288b7a8ee8d75816af0c7a25f2aa0b4ecc99973fd442b2badc308fa38109.mp4

Mudar idioma.

Existem duas maneiras de alternar o idioma. A primeira é pressionando o ícone do globo na Barra de Ações, localizada próximo ao canto superior esquerdo do teclado. A segunda é pressionando longamente ou deslizando a barra de espaço; você pode personalizar o comportamento de troca de idioma da barra de espaço acessando Configurações -> Teclado e Digitação -> Teclas de Pressão Longa e Barra de Espaço -> Comportamento da Barra de Espaço . Você também pode atribuir o ícone do globo como a Tecla de Ação para que fique ao lado da barra de espaço, que pode ser acessada no menu Todas as Ações pressionando a tecla de reticências (...) no canto superior esquerdo do teclado e, em seguida, acessando Editar Ações. https://video.nostr.build/ed6f7f63a9c203cd59f46419ef54a4b8b442f070f802a688ca7d682bd6811bcb.mp4

Adicionar dicionário.

Alguns idiomas têm um dicionário integrado, mas a maioria não. Se o idioma que você está instalando não tiver um dicionário integrado, você pode iniciar a instalação em nosso site acessando Idiomas e Modelos -> Dicionário (no idioma que você está instalando) -> Explorar -> Baixar (em nosso site). https://video.nostr.build/3b1e09289953b658a9cef33c41bd711095556bc48290cb2ed066d4d0a5186371.mp4

Habilitar digitação multilíngue.

Você pode habilitar a digitação multilíngue para um ou mais idiomas acessando Idiomas e modelos e marcando a caixa Digitação multilíngue no(s) idioma(s) para os quais deseja habilitar a digitação multilíngue. https://video.nostr.build/29f683410626219499787bd63058d159719553f8e33a9f3c659c51c375a682fb.mp4

Criar layout personalizado.

Se desejar criar seu próprio layout personalizado para um idioma específico, você pode fazê-lo ativando Configurações do Desenvolvedor -> Layouts Personalizados -> Criar novo layout . Mais informações sobre layouts personalizados podem ser encontradas https://github.com/futo-org/futo-keyboard-layouts . A personalização das configurações de pressionamento longo tecla por tecla ainda não é suportada, mas está em processo de implementação. https://video.nostr.build/b5993090e28794d0305424dd352ca83760bb87002c57930e80513de5917fad8d.mp4

Teclado e Digitação – Personalize o comportamento das teclas, o tamanho do teclado e outras preferências de digitação.

Previsão de texto.

O menu no qual você define suas preferências para correção automática e sugestões personalizadas. Modelo de Linguagem do Transformador Você pode fazer com que o teclado preveja a próxima palavra que você digitará ou faça correções automáticas mais inteligentes, que usam um modelo de linguagem Transformer pré-treinado com base em conjuntos de dados disponíveis publicamente, ativando o Transformer LM . Observação: atualmente, isso funciona apenas em inglês, mas estamos trabalhando para torná-lo compatível com outros idiomas. Ajuste fino do transformador Você pode fazer com que o teclado memorize o que você digita e quais sugestões você seleciona, o que treina o modelo de idioma (enquanto o telefone estiver inativo) para prever quais palavras sugerir e corrigir automaticamente enquanto você digita, ativando o ajuste fino do Transformer . Observação: este é o seu modelo de idioma pessoal e o FUTO não visualiza nem armazena nenhum dos seus dados. https://video.nostr.build/688354a63bdc48a9dd3f8605854b5631ac011009c6105f93cfa0b52b46bc40d3.mp4

Previsão de texto.

O menu no qual você define suas preferências para correção automática e sugestões personalizadas. Modelo de Linguagem do Transformador Você pode fazer com que o teclado preveja a próxima palavra que você digitará ou faça correções automáticas mais inteligentes, que usam um modelo de linguagem Transformer pré-treinado com base em conjuntos de dados disponíveis publicamente, ativando o Transformer LM . Observação: atualmente, isso funciona apenas em inglês, mas estamos trabalhando para torná-lo compatível com outros idiomas.

Ajuste fino do transformador.

Você pode fazer com que o teclado memorize o que você digita e quais sugestões você seleciona, o que treina o modelo de idioma (enquanto o telefone estiver inativo) para prever quais palavras sugerir e corrigir automaticamente enquanto você digita, ativando o ajuste fino do Transformer . Observação: este é o seu modelo de idioma pessoal e o FUTO não visualiza nem armazena nenhum dos seus dados.

Força do Modelo de Linguagem do Transformador.

Você pode fazer com que a correção automática se comporte mais como o teclado AOSP ou mais como a rede neural acessando Parâmetros avançados -> Intensidade do LM do transformador e arrastando o controle deslizante para um valor menor (o que tornará o comportamento da correção automática mais parecido com o teclado AOSP) ou um valor maior (o que tornará a correção automática mais dependente da rede neural). Limiar de correção automática Você pode alterar o limite da correção automática para que ela ocorra com mais ou menos frequência acessando Parâmetros avançados -> Limite de correção automática e arrastando o controle deslizante para um valor menor (o que fará com que a correção automática ocorra com mais frequência, mas também corrija erros com mais frequência) ou um valor maior (o que fará com que a correção automática ocorra com menos frequência, mas também corrija erros com menos frequência). https://video.nostr.build/ea9c100081acfcab60343c494a91f789ef8143c92343522ec34c714913631cf7.mp4

Lista negra de palavras.

Você pode colocar sugestões de palavras na lista negra, o que impedirá que o teclado continue sugerindo palavras na lista negra, acessando Sugestões na lista negra e adicionando as palavras que você gostaria de colocar na lista negra.

Palavras ofensivas.

Você pode bloquear palavras ofensivas, como palavrões comuns, acessando Sugestões na Lista Negra e marcando a opção Bloquear Palavras Ofensivas . Observação: a opção Bloquear Palavras Ofensivas está ativada por padrão. https://video.nostr.build/ee72f3940b9789bbea222c95ee74d646aae1a0f3bf658ef8114c6f7942bb50f5.mp4

Correção automática.

Você pode ativar a capacidade de corrigir automaticamente palavras digitadas incorretamente ao pressionar a barra de espaço ou digitar pontuação ativando a Correção automática.

Sugestões de correção.

Você pode ativar a capacidade de exibir palavras sugeridas enquanto digita marcando a opção Mostrar sugestões de correção.

Sugestões de palavras.

Você pode ativar a capacidade de aprender com suas comunicações e dados digitados para melhorar as sugestões ativando as Sugestões personalizadas . Observação: desativar as Sugestões personalizadas também desativa o ajuste fino do Transformer. https://video.nostr.build/2c22d109b9192eac8fe4533b3f8e3e1b5896dfd043817bd460c48a5b989b7a2f.mp4

Entrada de Voz – Configure a entrada de voz offline, incluindo a duração e a conversão de fala em texto.

Entrada de voz.

O menu no qual você define suas preferências de entrada de voz, como duração da entrada e configurações de conversão de fala em texto. Entrada de voz integrada Você pode desabilitar a entrada de voz integrada do teclado e, em vez disso, usar o provedor de entrada de voz de um aplicativo externo desativando a opção Desabilitar entrada de voz integrada. https://video.nostr.build/68916e5b338a9f999f45aa1828a6e05ccbf8def46da9516c0f516b40ca8c827b.mp4

Sons de indicação.

Você pode habilitar a capacidade de reproduzir sons ao iniciar e cancelar a entrada de voz ativando Sons de indicação. https://video.nostr.build/7f5fb6a6173c4db18945e138146fe65444e40953d85cee1f09c1a21d236d21f5.mp4

Progresso Detalhado.

Você pode habilitar a capacidade de exibir informações detalhadas, como indicar que o microfone está sendo usado, ativando Progresso detalhado. https://video.nostr.build/8ac2bb6bdd6e7f8bd4b45da423e782c152a2b4320f2e090cbb99fd5c78e8f44f.mp4

Microfone Bluetooth.

Você pode fazer com que a entrada de voz prefira automaticamente seu microfone Bluetooth em vez do microfone integrado, ativando Preferir microfone Bluetooth. https://video.nostr.build/c11404aa6fec2dda71ceb3aaee916c6761b3015fef9575a352de66b7310dad07.mp4

Foco de áudio.

Você pode fazer com que a entrada de voz pause automaticamente vídeos ou músicas quando ela estiver ativada, ativando o Foco de Áudio. https://video.nostr.build/4ac82af53298733d0c5013ef28befb8b2adeb4a4949604308317e124b6431d40.mp4

Supressão de Símbolos.

Por padrão, a entrada de voz transcreve apenas texto básico e pontuação. Você pode desativar a opção "Suprimir símbolos" para liberar a entrada de voz da transcrição de caracteres especiais (por exemplo, @, $ ou %). Observação: Isso não afeta a forma como a entrada de voz interpreta palavras literais (por exemplo, "vírgula", "ponto final"). https://video.nostr.build/10de49c5a9e35508caa14b66da28fae991a5ac8eabad9b086959fba18c07f8f3.mp4

Entrada de voz de formato longo.

Você pode desativar o limite padrão de 30 segundos para entrada de voz ativando a opção Entrada de voz longa . Observação: a qualidade da saída pode ser prejudicada com entradas longas. https://video.nostr.build/f438ee7a42939a5a3e6d6c4471905f836f038495eb3a00b39d9996d0e552c200.mp4

Parada automática em silêncio.

Você pode fazer com que a entrada de voz pare automaticamente quando o silêncio for detectado, ativando a opção Parar automaticamente ao silenciar . Observação: se houver muito ruído de fundo, pode ser necessário interromper manualmente a entrada de voz. Ative também a entrada de voz longa para evitar a interrupção após 30 segundos. https://video.nostr.build/056567696d513add63f6dd254c0a3001530917e05e792de80c12796d43958671.mp4

Dicionário Pessoal – Adicione palavras personalizadas para que o teclado aprenda e sugira com mais precisão.

Dicionário Pessoal.

O menu no qual você cria seu dicionário pessoal de palavras que o teclado irá lembrar e sugerir. Adicionar ao dicionário Você pode adicionar uma palavra ou frase ao seu dicionário pessoal pressionando o ícone de adição na tela "Dicionário pessoal" . Você também pode criar um atalho para ela no campo "Atalho" ao adicionar a palavra ou frase. https://video.nostr.build/dec41c666b9f2276cc20d9096e3a9b542b570afd1f679d8d0e8c43c8ea46bfcb.mp4

Excluir do dicionário.

Você pode excluir uma palavra ou frase do seu dicionário pessoal clicando nessa palavra ou frase e clicando no ícone de lixeira no canto superior direito. https://video.nostr.build/aca25643b5c7ead4c5d522709af4bc337911e49c4743b97dc75f6b877449143e.mp4

Tema – Escolha entre os temas disponíveis ou personalize a aparência do teclado conforme seu gosto.

Tema.

O menu no qual você seleciona seu tema preferido para o teclado. Alterar tema Você pode escolher entre uma variedade de temas para o teclado, incluindo Modo Escuro, Modo Claro, Automático Dinâmico, Escuro Dinâmico, Claro Dinâmico, Material AOSP Escuro, Material AOSP Claro, Roxo Escuro AMOLED, Girassol, Queda de Neve, Cinza Aço, Esmeralda, Algodão Doce, Luz do Mar Profundo, Escuro do Mar Profundo, Gradiente 1, Tema FUTO VI ou Tema Construção . A possibilidade de personalizar seu tema será disponibilizada em breve. https://video.nostr.build/90c8de72f08cb0d8c40ac2fba2fd39451ff63ec1592ddd2629d0891c104bc61e.mp4

Fronteiras Principais.

Você pode habilitar as bordas das teclas rolando para baixo até o final e ativando Bordas das teclas . https://video.nostr.build/fa2087d68ce3fb2d3adb84cc2ec19c4d5383beb8823a4b6d1d85378ab3507ab1.mp4

Site oficial https://keyboard.futo.org/

Baixar no fdroid. https://app.futo.org/fdroid/repo/

Para instalar através do Obtainium , basta ir em Adicionar Aplicativo e colar esta URL do repositório:  https://github.com/futo-org/android-keyboard

A adição pode demorar um pouco dependendo da velocidade da sua internet, pois o APK precisa ser baixado.

@ f32184ee:6d1c17bf

Ads Fueling Freedom

Ross Ulbricht’s "Decentralize Social Media" painted a picture of a user-centric, decentralized future that transcended the limitations of platforms like the tech giants of today. Though focused on social media, his concept provided a blueprint for decentralized content systems writ large. NextBlock’s PROMO Protocol, designed while participating in Sovereign Engineering, embodies this blueprint in the realm of advertising, leveraging Nostr and Bitcoin’s Lightning Network to give individuals control, foster a multi-provider ecosystem, and ensure secure value exchange. In this way, Ulbricht’s 2021 vision can be seen as a prescient prediction of the PROMO Protocol’s structure. This is a testament to the enduring power of his ideas, now finding form in NextBlock’s innovative approach.

[Current Platform-Centric Paradigm, source: Ross Ulbricht's Decentralize Social Media]

Ulbricht’s Vision: A Decentralized Social Protocol

In his 2021 Medium article Ulbricht proposed a revolutionary vision for a decentralized social protocol (DSP) to address the inherent flaws of centralized social media platforms, such as privacy violations and inconsistent content moderation. Writing from prison, Ulbricht argued that decentralization could empower users by giving them control over their own content and the value they create, while replacing single, monolithic platforms with a competitive ecosystem of interface providers, content servers, and advertisers. Though his focus was on social media, Ulbricht’s ideas laid a conceptual foundation that strikingly predicts the structure of NextBlock’s PROMO Protocol, a decentralized advertising system built on the Nostr protocol.

[A Decentralized Social Protocol (DSP), source: Ross Ulbricht's Decentralize Social Media]

Ulbricht’s Principles

Ulbricht’s article outlines several key principles for his DSP: * User Control: Users should own their content and dictate how their data and creations generate value, rather than being subject to the whims of centralized corporations. * Decentralized Infrastructure: Instead of a single platform, multiple interface providers, content hosts, and advertisers interoperate, fostering competition and resilience. * Privacy and Autonomy: Decentralized solutions for profile management, hosting, and interactions would protect user privacy and reduce reliance on unaccountable intermediaries. * Value Creation: Users, not platforms, should capture the economic benefits of their contributions, supported by decentralized mechanisms for transactions.

These ideas were forward-thinking in 2021, envisioning a shift away from the centralized giants dominating social media at the time. While Ulbricht didn’t specifically address advertising protocols, his framework for decentralization and user empowerment extends naturally to other domains, like NextBlock’s open-source offering: the PROMO Protocol.

NextBlock’s Implementation of PROMO Protocol

The PROMO Protocol powers NextBlock's Billboard app, a decentralized advertising protocol built on Nostr, a simple, open protocol for decentralized communication. The PROMO Protocol reimagines advertising by: * Empowering People: Individuals set their own ad prices (e.g., 500 sats/minute), giving them direct control over how their attention or space is monetized. * Marketplace Dynamics: Advertisers set budgets and maximum bids, competing within a decentralized system where a 20% service fee ensures operational sustainability. * Open-Source Flexibility: As an open-source protocol, it allows multiple developers to create interfaces or apps on top of it, avoiding the single-platform bottleneck Ulbricht critiqued. * Secure Payments: Using Strike Integration with Bitcoin Lightning Network, NextBlock enables bot-resistant and intermediary-free transactions, aligning value transfer with each person's control.

This structure decentralizes advertising in a way that mirrors Ulbricht’s broader vision for social systems, with aligned principles showing a specific use case: monetizing attention on Nostr.

Aligned Principles

Ulbricht’s 2021 article didn’t explicitly predict the PROMO Protocol, but its foundational concepts align remarkably well with NextBlock's implementation the protocol’s design: * Autonomy Over Value: Ulbricht argued that users should control their content and its economic benefits. In the PROMO Protocol, people dictate ad pricing, directly capturing the value of their participation. Whether it’s their time, influence, or digital space, rather than ceding it to a centralized ad network. * Ecosystem of Providers: Ulbricht envisioned multiple providers replacing a single platform. The PROMO Protocol’s open-source nature invites a similar diversity: anyone can build interfaces or tools on top of it, creating a competitive, decentralized advertising ecosystem rather than a walled garden. * Decentralized Transactions: Ulbricht’s DSP implied decentralized mechanisms for value exchange. NextBlock delivers this through the Bitcoin Lightning Network, ensuring that payments for ads are secure, instantaneous and final, a practical realization of Ulbricht’s call for user-controlled value flows. * Privacy and Control: While Ulbricht emphasized privacy in social interactions, the PROMO Protocol is public by default. Individuals are fully aware of all data that they generate since all Nostr messages are signed. All participants interact directly via Nostr.

[Blueprint Match, source NextBlock]

---

Who We Are

NextBlock is a US-based new media company reimagining digital ads for a decentralized future. Our founders, software and strategy experts, were hobbyist podcasters struggling to promote their work online without gaming the system. That sparked an idea: using new tech like Nostr and Bitcoin to build a decentralized attention market for people who value control and businesses seeking real connections.

Our first product, Billboard, is launching this June.

Open for All

Our model’s open-source! Check out the PROMO Protocol, built for promotion and attention trading. Anyone can join this decentralized ad network. Run your own billboard or use ours. This is a growing ecosystem for a new ad economy.

Our Vision

NextBlock wants to help build a new decentralized internet. Our revolutionary and transparent business model will bring honest revenue to companies hosting valuable digital spaces. Together, we will discover what our attention is really worth.

Read our Manifesto to learn more.

NextBlock is registered in Texas, USA.

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

ช่วงหลัง ๆ มานี้ ถ้าใครเดินผ่านชั้นนมในซูเปอร์ฯ แล้วสะดุดตากับกล่องสีเรียบ ๆ สไตล์สแกนดิเนเวียนที่เขียนคำว่า "OATLY!" ตัวใหญ่ ๆ ไม่ต้องแปลกใจ เพราะนี่คือเครื่องดื่มที่กำลังพยายามจะทำให้ทุกบ้านเชื่อว่า "ดื่มข้าวโอ๊ตแทนนมวัวคือสิ่งที่ดีต่อสุขภาพ ต่อโลก และต่อเด็ก ๆ"

Oatly ไม่ได้มาเล่น ๆ เป็นดาวรุ่งของวงการ plant-based dairy ทางเลือก ด้วยการตลาดที่เฉียบคมและอารมณ์ขันแบบขบถ เพราะบริษัทนี้เขาวางโพสิชั่นของตัวเองว่าเป็นนักสู้เพื่อสิ่งแวดล้อม ต่อต้านโลกร้อน และเป็นทางเลือกที่รักสัตว์รักโลกจนพืชยังปรบมือให้ แต่เบื้องหลังที่ดูคลีน ๆ กลับซ่อนกลยุทธ์ทางการตลาดที่แสบสันไม่เบา โดยเฉพาะการรณรงค์ในโรงเรียน และเทคนิคในการ “ซ่อนความหวาน” ได้อย่างแนบเนียนจนน้ำตาลยังงง

หวานแบบซ่อนรูปสูตรลับที่ไม่อยู่ในช่อง Sugar โอ๊ตมิลค์ของ Oatly มีคาร์บต่ำจริงตามฉลาก แต่ที่หลายคนไม่รู้คือ Oatly ใช้ เอนไซม์ย่อยแป้งจากข้าวโอ๊ต ให้กลายเป็นน้ำตาลมอลโทส ซึ่งมีรสหวานพอ ๆ กับน้ำตาลทราย แต่ไม่ต้องแสดงในช่อง Total Sugar บนฉลากโภชนาการ เพราะมันเกิดขึ้น "ตามธรรมชาติจากกระบวนการ" ซึ่งตรงตามเกณฑ์ FDA เป๊ะ

ความเจ้าเล่ห์ของระบบนี้คือ มอลโตสที่เกิดจากการย่อยแป้งด้วยเอนไซม์ ไม่ต้องนับเป็น “น้ำตาล” ในช่อง Sugar ของฉลากโภชนาการ เพราะมันถือเป็น “naturally occurring sugar” หรือ “น้ำตาลที่เกิดขึ้นเองตามธรรมชาติ” พูดง่ายๆ คือ หวานเหมือนโค้ก แต่ไม่ต้องบอกว่าใส่น้ำตาลเลยแม้แต่นิดเดียว! ในขณะที่เด็กๆ ดื่มแล้วบอกว่า “อร่อยมาก!” ผู้ใหญ่ก็เห็นฉลากแล้วบอกว่า “น้ำตาลแค่นิดเดียวเอง ดีจัง”… ความเข้าใจผิดแบบสองชั้นนี้คือการตลาดที่ชาญฉลาดแต่แฝงความไม่โปร่งใส

และเมื่อคุณไปอ่านงานวิจัยจะเจอว่า น้ำตาลมอลโตสที่ได้จากโอ๊ตผ่านกระบวนการย่อยแบบนี้ มีค่าดัชนีน้ำตาลสูงถึง 105-110 ซึ่งสูงกว่าโค้กเสียอีก (Coke อยู่ประมาณ 63) ส่งผลให้ระดับน้ำตาลในเลือดพุ่งอย่างรวดเร็ว และถ้าใครมีภาวะดื้อต่ออินซูลินหรืออยู่ในขอบเขต prediabetes ก็ยิ่งน่ากังวลเข้าไปใหญ่ พูดง่าย ๆ คือ Oatly หวาน แต่ไม่ต้องบอกว่าใส่น้ำตาล คนทั่วไปเลยเข้าใจผิดว่า “อ้าว มันไม่หวานนี่นา”

บางโรงเรียนในอังกฤษและสวีเดนเริ่มตั้งคำถามว่า การเปลี่ยนนมวัวที่อุดมไปด้วยไขมันดี โปรตีนสมบูรณ์ และแคลเซียม เข้าสู่ร่างกายเด็กๆ ให้กลายเป็น “นมโอ๊ตหวานแบบซ่อนรูป” แบบนี้ มันคือความยั่งยืนจริงๆ หรือเป็นเพียงการใช้ภาพรักษ์โลกบังหน้า แล้วขายคาร์บอย่างแนบเนียน โดยเฉพาะ The Telegraph ได้เผยแพร่บทความชื่อ “The truth about the great oat milk 'con'” ซึ่งกล่าวถึงการที่หน่วยงานกำกับดูแลโฆษณาในสหราชอาณาจักร (Advertising Standards Authority - ASA) สั่งห้ามโฆษณาบางรายการของบริษัท Oatly เนื่องจากพบว่ามีการให้ข้อมูลที่ทำให้ผู้บริโภคเข้าใจผิดเกี่ยวกับประโยชน์ต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมของการเปลี่ยนจากนมวัวเป็นนมจากพืช รวมถึง ภาพลักษณ์ “plant-based ดีต่อโลก” ถูกใช้เป็น เครื่องมือโฆษณาเชิงอารมณ์ โดยลดคุณค่าของนมวัวแท้ ๆ และสิ่งที่น่าตลกร้ายก็คือ…บริษัท Oatly เคยออกมาโจมตีอุตสาหกรรมนมวัวว่า “ไม่โปร่งใส” ขณะเดียวกันพวกเขาเองกลับโดนฟ้องร้องเรื่องการใช้โฆษณาเกินจริง และพยายามซุกซ่อนกระบวนการผลิตที่ทำให้เกิดน้ำตาลแบบ “ซ่อนในตาราง” เสียเอง

ไม่แปลกที่หลายคนในแวดวงโภชนาการแซวว่า "Oatmilk is the new Coke" เพราะมันหวานแบบไม่รู้ตัว ดื่มเพลินเหมือนน้ำอัดลม แต่สื่อสารราวกับเป็นน้ำเต้าหู้สายโยคะ โอเคเรื่องพวกนี้เอาจริงๆเคยคุยกันแล้วในรายการ ลองไปดูย้อนได้ครับ

แต่นั่นยังไม่เท่ากับสิ่งนี้ครับ “Normalize It!”: รณรงค์เข้ารร.แบบซอฟต์พาวเวอร์ ถ้าคิดว่าแค่ขายในซูเปอร์คือจุดหมาย ขอบอกว่า Oatly เล่นเกมไกลกว่านั้น เพราะเขาเปิดแคมเปญชื่อ “Normalize it!” ในหลายประเทศในยุโรป เช่น เยอรมนี สวีเดน และเนเธอร์แลนด์ โดยรณรงค์ให้ เครื่องดื่มจากพืชถูกบรรจุเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของ "โครงการนมโรงเรียน" ที่มีอยู่เดิมในระบบรัฐ ซึ่งแต่เดิมให้เฉพาะนมวัวเท่านั้น

ในโฆษณาแคมเปญนี้ มีการเล่นภาพเด็ก ๆ ที่แอบเอาโอ๊ตมิลค์ใส่กล่องนมโรงเรียน พร้อมประโยคชวนสะอึกว่า “เด็กควรต้องทำเองเหรอ?” (เหมือนจะบอกว่ารัฐควรรับหน้าที่แทน) ดูความแสบได้ที่นี่ https://youtu.be/D3d_GfGVq_I?si=3pi6VKnlJC2SDleW

มันฟังดูดีใช่ไหม...แต่ประเด็นคือ ใครเป็นคนได้ประโยชน์? คำตอบคือ บริษัทที่ขายโอ๊ตมิลค์นั่นแหละ

เพราะหากสำเร็จ โรงเรียนจำนวนมากในยุโรปจะต้องซื้อผลิตภัณฑ์จากพืชแทนหรือควบคู่กับนมวัว ทำให้บริษัทที่ขายเครื่องดื่มพืชกลายเป็นผู้ได้สัมปทานทางอ้อมในชื่อ “ความยั่งยืน”

Lobby แบบ “รักษ์โลก” แต่ก็ไม่ลืมรักษาผลประโยชน์ แคมเปญนี้ไม่ได้แค่โฆษณาเล่น ๆ แต่ยังมีการล็อบบี้ทางนโยบายในระดับสหภาพยุโรป (EU) โดยผลักดันให้เครื่องดื่มจากพืชที่มีการเสริมแคลเซียมได้รับการยอมรับเท่าเทียมกับนมวัว Oatly จึงไม่ได้แค่เป็นแบรนด์ข้าวโอ๊ตอีกต่อไป แต่กลายเป็น "นักกิจกรรม" ที่มีเป้าหมายใหญ่คือการเข้าไปอยู่ในระบบอาหารภาครัฐ โดยเฉพาะสำหรับเด็ก ๆ

ปัญหาคือไม่ใช่แค่ “พืช” แต่คือ “วิธีการสื่อสาร” ไม่มีใครเถียงว่าเด็กควรมีทางเลือกในอาหาร แต่เมื่อ “ข้อมูล” ที่ใช้สร้างภาพลักษณ์ผลิตภัณฑ์ถูกเรียบเรียงให้ดูดีเกินจริง โดยเฉพาะเมื่อซ่อนความหวานไว้ในกลไกทางเคมี และรณรงค์ให้เข้าสู่ระบบโรงเรียน มันก็กลายเป็นประเด็นที่เราควรถามว่า “เรากำลังให้เด็กกินอะไร เพราะอะไร และใครได้ประโยชน์จากสิ่งนั้น?” เครื่องดื่มจากพืชไม่ใช่ปีศาจ และนมวัวก็ไม่ใช่เทวดา แต่สิ่งที่น่ากลัวคือกลยุทธ์ที่หลอกให้คนเชื่อว่าทางเลือกหนึ่ง “ดีกว่า” โดยไม่ให้ข้อมูลครบถ้วน หรือยิ่งแย่กว่านั้นถ้าเป็นการตัดริดรอนสิทธิ์ในการเลือก

วันหนึ่งถ้าเด็ก ๆ ทุกคนได้ดื่มโอ๊ตมิลค์ที่หวานแต่ไม่เรียกว่าน้ำตาล เพราะใครบางคนบอกว่า “ดีต่อสุขภาพ” เราควรถามว่า “สุขภาพของใคร?” และ “ใครนิยามว่าอะไรคือดี?” เพราะบางครั้ง โลกที่ดูยั่งยืน อาจมีรากฐานมาจากการตลาดที่ยืนนาน

เรื่องนี้ไม่ได้เกี่ยวกับการเกลียดพืช หรือรังเกียจข้าวโอ๊ต หรือนมโอ้ต แต่มันเกี่ยวกับ ความจริงที่ถูกแต่งหน้าให้ดูดีเกินจริง ในนามของสุขภาพและสิ่งแวดล้อม ซึ่งอาจกลายเป็นการเปลี่ยนเด็กๆ ให้คุ้นชินกับเครื่องดื่มหวานแบบไม่รู้ตัว ในขณะที่เราเคยพยายามลดโค้กจากโรงเรียนไปเมื่อสิบปีก่อน

อย่าลืมว่า ไม่ใช่แค่น้ำตาลที่ต้องดู แต่ต้องดูว่ามันมาจากไหน ถูกสร้างขึ้นอย่างไร และร่างกายตอบสนองอย่างไร

สำคัญที่สุดคือ เรามีสิทธิ์ในการเลือกไหม ในอนาคต

#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

For Secure Inheritance Planning and Offline Signing

---

The setup described ensures that any 2 out of 3 participants (hardware wallets) must sign a transaction before it can be broadcast, offering robust protection against theft, accidental loss, or mismanagement of funds.

---

1. Preparation: Tools and Requirements

Hardware Required

• 3× COLDCARD Mk4 hardware wallets (or newer)
• 3× MicroSD cards (one per COLDCARD)
• MicroSD card reader (for your computer)
• Optional: USB data blocker (for safe COLDCARD connection)

Software Required

• Sparrow Wallet: Version 1.7.1 or later
  Download: https://sparrowwallet.com/
• COLDCARD Firmware: Version 5.1.2 or later
  Update guide: https://coldcard.com/docs/upgrade

Other Essentials

• Durable paper or steel backup tools for seed phrases
• Secure physical storage for backups and devices
• Optional: encrypted external storage for Sparrow wallet backups

Security Tip:
Always verify software signatures before installation. Keep your COLDCARDs air-gapped (no USB data transfer) whenever possible.

---

2. Initializing Each COLDCARD Wallet

1. Power on each COLDCARD and choose “New Wallet”.
2. Write down the 24-word seed phrase (DO NOT photograph or store digitally).
3. Confirm the seed and choose a strong PIN code (both prefix and suffix).
4. (Optional) Enable BIP39 Passphrase for additional entropy.
5. Save an encrypted backup to the MicroSD card:
   Go to Advanced > Danger Zone > Backup.
6. Repeat steps 1–5 for all three COLDCARDs.

Best Practice:
Store each seed phrase securely and in separate physical locations. Test wallet recovery before storing real funds.

---

3. Exporting XPUBs from COLDCARD

Each hardware wallet must export its extended public key (XPUB) for multisig setup:

1. Insert MicroSD card into a COLDCARD.
2. Navigate to:
   Settings > Multisig Wallets > Export XPUB.
3. Select the appropriate derivation path. Recommended:
4. Native SegWit: m/84'/0'/0' (bc1 addresses)
5. Alternatively: Nested SegWit m/49'/0'/0' (starts with 3)
6. Save the XPUB file to the MicroSD card.
7. Insert MicroSD into your computer and transfer XPUB files to Sparrow Wallet.
8. Repeat for the remaining COLDCARDs.

---

4. Creating the 2-of-3 Multisig Wallet in Sparrow

1. Launch Sparrow Wallet.
2. Click File > New Wallet and name your wallet.
3. In the Keystore tab, choose Multisig.
4. Select 2-of-3 as your multisig policy.
5. For each cosigner:
6. Choose Add cosigner > Import XPUB from file.
7. Load XPUBs exported from each COLDCARD.
8. Once all 3 cosigners are added, confirm the configuration.
9. Click Apply, then Create Wallet.
10. Sparrow will display a receive address. Fund the wallet using this.

Tip:
You can export the multisig policy (wallet descriptor) as a backup and share it among cosigners.

---

5. Saving and Verifying the Wallet Configuration

1. After creating the wallet, click Wallet > Export > Export Wallet File (.json).
2. Save this file securely and distribute to all participants.
3. Verify that the addresses match on each COLDCARD using the wallet descriptor file (optional but recommended).

---

6. Creating and Exporting a PSBT (Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction)

1. In Sparrow, click Send, fill out recipient details, and click Create Transaction.
2. Click Finalize > Save PSBT to MicroSD card.
3. The file will be saved as a .psbt file.

Note: No funds are moved until 2 signatures are added and the transaction is broadcast.

---

7. Signing the PSBT with COLDCARD (Offline)

1. Insert the MicroSD with the PSBT into COLDCARD.
2. From the main menu:
   Ready To Sign > Select PSBT File.
3. Verify transaction details and approve.
4. COLDCARD will create a signed version of the PSBT (signed.psbt).
5. Repeat the signing process with a second COLDCARD (different signer).

---

8. Finalizing and Broadcasting the Transaction

1. Load the signed PSBT files back into Sparrow.
2. Sparrow will detect two valid signatures.
3. Click Finalize Transaction > Broadcast.
4. Your Bitcoin transaction will be sent to the network.

---

9. Inheritance Planning with Multisig

Multisig is ideal for inheritance scenarios:

Example Inheritance Setup

• Signer 1: Yourself (active user)
• Signer 2: Trusted family member or executor
• Signer 3: Lawyer, notary, or secure backup

Only 2 signatures are needed. If one party loses access or passes away, the other two can recover the funds.

Best Practices for Inheritance

• Store each seed phrase in separate, tamper-proof, waterproof containers.
• Record clear instructions for heirs (without compromising seed security).
• Periodically test recovery with cosigners.
• Consider time-locked wallets or third-party escrow if needed.

---

Security Tips and Warnings

• Never store seed phrases digitally or online.
• Always verify addresses and signatures on the COLDCARD screen.
• Use Sparrow only on secure, malware-free computers.
• Physically secure your COLDCARDs from unauthorized access.
• Practice recovery procedures before storing real value.

---

Consider

A 2-of-3 multisignature wallet using COLDCARD and Sparrow Wallet offers a highly secure, flexible, and transparent Bitcoin custody model. Whether for inheritance planning or high-security storage, it mitigates risks associated with single points of failure while maintaining usability and privacy.

By following this guide, Bitcoin users can significantly increase the resilience of their holdings while enabling thoughtful succession strategies.

@ a8d1560d:3fec7a08

Based on the Free Speech Flag generator at https://crocojim18.github.io/, but now you can encode binary data as well.

https://free-speech-flag-generator--wholewish91244492.on.websim.ai/

Please also see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Speech_Flag for more information about the Free Speech Flag.

Who can tell me what I encoded in the flag used for this longform post?

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

What is pfSense?

pfSense is a free, open-source firewall and router software distribution based on FreeBSD. It includes a web-based GUI and supports advanced features like:

• Stateful packet inspection (SPI)
• Virtual Private Network (VPN) support (OpenVPN, WireGuard, IPSec)
• Dynamic and static routing
• Traffic shaping and QoS
• Load balancing and failover
• VLANs and captive portals
• Intrusion Detection/Prevention (Snort, Suricata)
• DNS, DHCP, and more

Use Cases

• Home networks with multiple devices
• Small to medium businesses
• Remote work VPN gateway
• IoT segmentation
• Homelab firewalls
• Wi-Fi network segmentation

---

2. Essential Hardware Components

When building a pfSense router, you must match your hardware to your use case. The system needs at least two network interfaces—one for WAN, one for LAN.

Core Components

| Component | Requirement | Budget-Friendly Example | |---------------|------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------| | CPU | Dual-core 64-bit x86 (AES-NI support recommended) | Intel Celeron J4105, AMD GX-412HC, or Intel i3 6100T | | Motherboard | Mini-ITX or Micro-ATX with support for selected CPU | ASRock J4105-ITX (includes CPU) | | RAM | Minimum 4GB (8GB preferred) | Crucial 4GB DDR4 | | Storage | 16GB+ SSD or mSATA/NVMe (for longevity and speed) | Kingston A400 120GB SSD | | NICs | At least two Intel gigabit ports (Intel NICs preferred) | Intel PRO/1000 Dual-Port PCIe or onboard | | Power Supply | 80+ Bronze rated or PicoPSU for SBCs | EVGA 400W or PicoPSU 90W | | Case | Depends on form factor | Mini-ITX case (e.g., InWin Chopin) | | Cooling | Passive or low-noise | Stock heatsink or case fan |

---

3. Recommended Affordable Hardware Builds

Build 1: Super Budget (Fanless)

• Motherboard/CPU: ASRock J4105-ITX (quad-core, passive cooling, AES-NI)
• RAM: 4GB DDR4 SO-DIMM
• Storage: 120GB SATA SSD
• NICs: 1 onboard + 1 PCIe Intel Dual Port NIC
• Power Supply: PicoPSU with 60W adapter
• Case: Mini-ITX fanless enclosure
• Estimated Cost: ~$150–180

Build 2: Performance on a Budget

• CPU: Intel i3-6100T (low power, AES-NI support)
• Motherboard: ASUS H110M-A/M.2 (Micro-ATX)
• RAM: 8GB DDR4
• Storage: 120GB SSD
• NICs: 2-port Intel PCIe NIC
• Case: Compact ATX case
• Power Supply: 400W Bronze-rated PSU
• Estimated Cost: ~$200–250

---

4. Assembling the Hardware

Step-by-Step Instructions

1. Prepare the Workspace:
2. Anti-static mat or surface
3. Philips screwdriver
4. Install CPU (if required):
5. Align and seat CPU into socket
6. Apply thermal paste and attach cooler
7. Insert RAM into DIMM slots
8. Install SSD and connect to SATA port
9. Install NIC into PCIe slot
10. Connect power supply to motherboard, SSD
11. Place system in case and secure all components
12. Plug in power and monitor

---

5. Installing pfSense Software

What You'll Need

• A 1GB+ USB flash drive
• A separate computer with internet access

Step-by-Step Guide

1. Download pfSense ISO:
2. Visit: https://www.pfsense.org/download/
3. Choose AMD64, USB Memstick Installer, and mirror site
4. Create Bootable USB:
5. Use tools like balenaEtcher or Rufus to write ISO to USB
6. Boot the Router from USB:
7. Enter BIOS → Set USB as primary boot
8. Save and reboot
9. Install pfSense:
10. Accept defaults during installation
11. Choose ZFS or UFS (UFS is simpler for small SSDs)
12. Install to SSD, remove USB post-installation

---

6. Basic Configuration Settings

After the initial boot, pfSense will assign: - WAN to one interface (via DHCP) - LAN to another (default IP: 192.168.1.1)

Access WebGUI

1. Connect a PC to LAN port
2. Open browser → Navigate to http://192.168.1.1
3. Default login: admin / pfsense

Initial Setup Wizard

• Change admin password
• Set hostname and DNS
• Set time zone
• Confirm WAN/LAN settings
• Enable DHCP server for LAN
• Optional: Enable SSH

---

7. Tips and Best Practices

Security Best Practices

• Change default password immediately
• Block all inbound traffic by default
• Enable DNS over TLS (with Unbound)
• Regularly update pfSense firmware and packages
• Use strong encryption for VPNs
• Limit admin access to specific IPs

Performance Optimization

• Use Intel NICs for reliable throughput
• Offload DNS, VPN, and DHCP to dedicated packages
• Disable unnecessary services to reduce CPU load
• Monitor system logs for errors and misuse
• Enable traffic shaping if managing VoIP or streaming

Useful Add-ons

• pfBlockerNG: Ad-blocking and geo-blocking
• Suricata: Intrusion Detection System
• OpenVPN/WireGuard: VPN server setup
• Zabbix Agent: External monitoring

---

8. Consider

With a modest investment and basic technical skills, anyone can build a powerful, flexible, and secure pfSense router. Choosing the right hardware for your needs ensures a smooth experience without overpaying or underbuilding. Whether you're enhancing your home network, setting up a secure remote office, or learning network administration, a custom pfSense router is a versatile, long-term solution.

---

Appendix: Example Hardware Component List

| Component | Item | Price (Approx.) | |------------------|--------------------------|------------------| | Motherboard/CPU | ASRock J4105-ITX | $90 | | RAM | Crucial 4GB DDR4 | $15 | | Storage | Kingston A400 120GB SSD | $15 | | NIC | Intel PRO/1000 Dual PCIe | $20 | | Case | Mini-ITX InWin Chopin | $40 | | Power Supply | PicoPSU 60W + Adapter | $25 | | Total | | ~$205 |

@ 9bde4214:06ca052b

“The human spirit should remain in charge.”

Pablo & Gigi talk about the wind.

In this dialogue:

• Wind
• More Wind
• Information Calories, and how to measure them
• Digital Wellbeing
• Rescue Time
• Teleology of Technology
• Platforms get users Hooked (book)
• Feeds are slot machines
• Movie Walls
• Tweetdeck and Notedeck
• IRC vs the modern feed
• 37Signals: “Hey, let’s just charge users!”
• “You wouldn’t zap a car crash”
• Catering to our highest self VS catering to our lowest self
• Devolution of YouTube 5-star ratings to thumb up/down to views
• Long videos vs shorts
• The internet had to monetize itself somehow (with attention)
• “Don’t be evil” and why Google had to remove it
• Questr: 2D exploration of nostr
• ONOSENDAI by Arkinox
• Freedom tech & Freedom from Tech
• DAUs of jumper cables
• Gossip and it’s choices
• “The secret to life is to send it”
• Flying water & flying bus stops
• RSS readers, Mailbrew, and daily digests
• Nostr is high signal and less addictive
• Calling nostr posts “tweets” and recordings being “on tape”
• Pivoting from nostr dialogues to a podcast about wind
• The unnecessary complexity of NIP-96
• Blossom (and wind)
• Undoing URLs, APIs, and REST
• ISBNs and cryptographic identifiers
• SaaS and the DAU metric
• Highlighter
• Not caring where stuff is hosted
• When is an edited thing a new thing?
• Edits, the edit wars, and the case against edits
• NIP-60 and inconsistent balances
• Scroll to text fragment and best effort matching
• Proximity hashes & locality-sensitive hashing
• Helping your Uncle Jack of a horse
• Helping your uncle jack of a horse
• Can we fix it with WoT?
• Vertex & vibe-coding a proper search for nostr
• Linking to hashtags & search queries
• Advanced search and why it’s great
• Search scopes & web of trust
• The UNIX tools of nostr
• Pablo’s NDK snippets
• Meredith on the privacy nightmare of Agentic AI
• Blog-post-driven development (Lightning Prisms, Highlighter)
• Sandwich-style LLM prompting, Waterfall for LLMs (HLDD / LLDD)
• “Speed itself is a feature”
• MCP & DVMCP
• Monorepos and git submodules
• Olas & NDK
• Pablo’s RemindMe bot
• “Breaking changes kinda suck”
• Stories, shorts, TikTok, and OnlyFans
• LLM-generated sticker styles
• LLMs and creativity (and Gigi’s old email)
• “AI-generated art has no soul”
• Nostr, zaps, and realness
• Does the source matter?
• Poker client in bitcoin v0.0.1
• Quotes from Hitler and how additional context changes meaning
• Greek finance minister on crypto and bitcoin (Technofeudalism, book)
• Is more context always good?
• Vervaeke’s AI argument
• What is meaningful?
• How do you extract meaning from information?
• How do you extract meaning from experience?
• “What the hell is water”
• Creativity, imagination, hallucination, and losing touch with reality
• “Bitcoin is singularity insurance”
• Will vibe coding make developers obsolete?
• Knowing what to build vs knowing how to build
• 10min block time & the physical limits of consensus
• Satoshi’s reasons articulated in his announcement post
• Why do anything? Why stack sats? Why have kids?
• All you need now is motivation
• Upcoming agents will actually do the thing
• Proliferation of writers: quantity VS quality
• Crisis of sameness & the problem of distribution
• Patronage, belle epoche, and bitcoin art
• Niches, and how the internet fractioned society
• Joe’s songs
• Hyper-personalized stories
• Shared stories & myths (Jonathan Pageau)
• Hyper-personalized apps VS shared apps
• Agency, free expression, and free speech
• Edgy content & twitch meta, aka skating the line of demonetization and deplatforming
• Using attention as a proxy currency
• Farming eyeballs and brain cycles
• Engagement as a success metric & engagement bait
• “You wouldn’t zap a car crash”
• Attention economy is parasitic on humanity
• The importance of speech & money
• What should be done by a machine?
• What should be done by a human?
• “The human spirit should remain in charge”
• Our relationship with fiat money
• Active vs passive, agency vs serfdom

@ 9bde4214:06ca052b

"With the shift towards this multi-agent collaboration and orchestration world, you need a neutral substrate that has money/identity/cryptography and web-of-trust baked in, to make everything work."

Pablo & Gigi are getting high on glue.

Books & articles mentioned:

• Saving beauty by Byung-Chul Han
• LLMs as a tool for thought by Amelia Wattenberger

In this dialogue:

• vibeline & vibeline-ui
• LLMs as tools, and how to use them
• Vervaeke: AI thresholds & the path we must take
• Hallucinations and grounding in reality
• GPL, LLMs, and open-source licensing
• Pablo's multi-agent Roo setup
• Are we going to make programmers obsolete?
• "When it works it's amazing"
• Hiring & training agents
• Agents creating RAG databases of NIPs
• Different models and their context windows
• Generalists vs specialists
• "Write drunk, edit sober"
• DVMCP.fun
• Recklessness and destruction of vibe-coding
• Sharing secrets with agents & LLMs
• The "no API key" advantage of nostr
• What data to trust? And how does nostr help?
• Identity, web of trust, and signing data
• How to fight AI slop
• Marketplaces of code snippets
• Restricting agents with expert knowledge
• Trusted sources without a central repository
• Zapstore as the prime example
• "How do you fight off re-inventing GitHub?"
• Using large context windows to help with refactoring
• Code snippets for Olas, NDK, NIP-60, and more
• Using MCP as the base
• Using nostr as the underlying substrate
• Nostr as the glue & the discovery layer
• Why is this important?
• Why is this exciting?
• "With the shift towards this multi-agent collaboration and orchestration world, you need a neutral substrate that has money/identity/cryptography and web-of-trust baked in, to make everything work."
• How to single-shot nostr applications
• "Go and create this app"
• The agent has money, because of NIP-60/61
• PayPerQ
• Anthropic and the genius of mcp-tools
• Agents zapping & giving SkyNet more money
• Are we going to run the mints?
• Are agents going to run the mints?
• How can we best explain this to our bubble?
• Let alone to people outside of our bubble?
• Building pipelines of multiple agents
• LLM chains & piped Unix tools
• OpenAI vs Anthropic
• Genius models without tools vs midwit models with tools
• Re-thinking software development
• LLMs allow you to tackle bigger problems
• Increased speed is a paradigm shift
• Generalists vs specialists, left brain vs right brain
• Nostr as the home for specialists
• fiatjaf publishing snippets (reluctantly)
• fiatjaf's blossom implementation
• Thinking with LLMs
• The tension of specialization VS generalization
• How the publishing world changed
• Stupid faces on YouTube thumbnails
• Gaming the algorithm
• Will AI slop destroy the attention economy?
• Recency bias & hiding publication dates
• Undoing platform conditioning as a success metric
• Craving realness in a fake attention world
• The theater of the attention economy
• What TikTok got "right"
• Porn, FoodPorn, EarthPorn, etc.
• Porn vs Beauty
• Smoothness and awe
• "Beauty is an angel that could kill you in an instant (but decides not to)."
• The success of Joe Rogan & long-form conversations
• Smoothness fatigue & how our feeds numb us
• Nostr & touching grass
• How movement changes conversations
• LangChain & DVMs
• Central models vs marketplaces
• Going from assembly to high-level to conceptual
• Natural language VS programming languages
• Pablo's code snippets
• Writing documentation for LLMs
• Shared concepts, shared language, and forks
• Vibe-forking open-source software
• Spotting vibe-coded interfaces
• Visualizing nostr data in a 3D world
• Tweets, blog posts, and podcasts
• Vibe-producing blog posts from conversations
• Tweets are excellent for discovery
• Adding context to tweets (long-form posts, podcasts, etc)
• Removing the character limit was a mistake
• "Everyone's attention span is rekt"
• "There is no meaning without friction"
• "Nothing worth having ever comes easy"
• Being okay with doing the hard thing
• Growth hacks & engagement bait
• TikTok, theater, and showing faces and emotions
• The 1% rule: 99% of internet users are Lurkers
• "We are socially malnourished"
• Web-of-trust and zaps bring realness
• The semantic web does NOT fix this LLMs might
• "You can not model the world perfectly"
• Hallucination as a requirement for creativity

@ 9bde4214:06ca052b

"The age of the idea guys has begun."

Justin & Gigi vibe about Zig.

Articles mentioned:

• LLMs as a tool for thought by Amelia Wattenberger
• Micropayments and Mental Transaction Costs by Nick Szabo
• How our interfaces have lost their senses by Amelia Wattenberger

Talks mentioned:

• The Art of Bitcoin Rhetoric by Bitstein

Books mentioned:

• Human Action by Ludwig von Mises
• Working in Public by Nadia Eghbal

In this dialogue:

• nak
• Files
• SyncThing (and how it BitTorrent Sync became Resilio Sync)
• Convention over configuration
• Changes & speciation
• File systems as sources of truth
• Vibe-coding shower thoughts
• Inspiration and The Muse
• Justin's LLM setup
• Tony's setup (o1-pro as the architect)
• Being okay with paying for LLMs
• Anthropomorphising LLMs
• Dialog, rubber-duck debugging, and the process of thinking
• Being nice and mean to LLMs
• Battlebots & Gladiators
• Hedging your bets by being nice to Skynet
• Pascal's Wager for AI
• Thinking models vs non-thinking faster models
• Sandwich-style LLM prompting, again (waterfall stuff, HLDD / LLDD)
• Cursor rules & Paul's Prompt Buddy
• Giving lots of context vs giving specific context
• The benefit of LLMs figuring out obscure bugs in minutes (instead of days)
• The phase change of fast iteration and vibe coding
• Idea level vs coding level
• High-level vs low-level languages
• Gigi's "vibeline"
• Peterson's Logos vs Vervaeke's Dia-Logos
• Entering into a conversation with technology
• Introducing MCPs into your workflow
• How does Claude think?
• How does it create a rhyme?
• How does thinking work?
• And how does it relate to dialogue?
• Gzuuus' DVMCP & using nostr as an AI substrate
• Language Server Protocols (LSPs)
• VAAS: Vibe-coding as a service
• Open models vs proprietary models
• What Cursor got right
• What ChatGPT got right
• What Google got right
• Tight integration of tools & remaining in a flow state
• LLMs as conversational partners
• The cost of context switching
• Conversational flow & how to stay in it
• Prompts VS diary entries
• Solving technical vs philosophical models
• Buying GPUs & training your own models
• Training LLMs to understand Zig
• Preventing entryism by writing no documentation
• Thin layers & alignment layers
• Working in public & thinking in public
• Building a therapist / diary / notes / idea / task system
• "The age of the idea guys has begun."
• Daemons and spirits
• Monological VS dialogical thinking
• Yes-men and disagreeable LLMs
• Energy cost vs human cost
• Paying by the meter vs paying a subscription
• The equivalence of storage and compute
• Thinking needs memory, and memory is about the future
• Nostr+ecash as the perfect AI+human substrate
• Real cost, real consequence, and Human Action
• The cost of words & speaking
• Costly signals and free markets
• From shitcoin tokens to LLM tokens to ecash tokens
• Being too close to the metal & not seeing the forest for the trees
• Power users vs engineers
• Participatory knowing and actually using the tools
• Nostr as the germination ground for ecash
• What is Sovereign Engineering?
• LLVM and the other side of the bell-curve
• How nostr gives you users, discovery, mircopayments, a backend, and many other things for free
• Echo chambers & virality
• Authenticity & Realness
• Growing on the edges, catering to the fringe
• You don't own your iPhone
• GrapheneOS
• WebRTC and other monolithic "open" standards
• Optimizing for the wrong thing
• Building a nostr phone & Gigi's dream flow
• Using nostr to sync dotfile setups and other things
• "There are no solutions, only trade-offs"
• Cross-platform development
• Native vs non-native implementations
• Vitor's point on what we mean by native
• Does your custom UI framework work for blind people?
• Ladybird browser & how to build a browser from scratch
• TempleOS
• Form follows function & 90's interfaces
• Lamentations on the state of modern browsers
• Complexity & the downfall of the Legacy Web
• Nostr as the "new internet"
• Talks by Ladybird developer Andreas Kling
• Will's attempt of building it from scratch with Notedeck & nostr-db
• Justin's attempt with rust-multiplatform
• "If it doesn't have a rust implementation, you shouldn't use it."
• Native in terms of speed vs native in terms of UI/UX
• Engineer the logic, vibe-code the UI
• From Excalidraw to app in minutes
• What can you one-shot?
• What do you need to care about?
• Pablo's NDK snippets
• 7GUIs and GUI benchmarks for LLMs
• "Now we're purpose-building tools to make it easier for LLMs"
• "Certain tools really make your problems go away."
• Macros and meta-programming
• Zig's comptime
• UNIX tools and pipes
• Simple tools & composability
• Nostr tools for iOS & sharing developer signing keys
• Building 10 apps as one guy
• Simplicity in a community context
• Most people are on phones
• Most people don't install PWAs
• Zapstore & building our own distribution channels
• Web-of-trust and pushing builds quickly
• Improving homebrew by 10x
• (Micro)payments for package managers
• Guix and bitcoin-core
• Nix vs Guix
• Reproducible builds & web-of-trust
• Keet vs "calling an npub"
• Getting into someone's notifications
• Removing the character limit was a mistake

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a foundational component of the internet. It translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses, enabling the functionality of websites, email, and services. However, traditional DNS is inherently insecure—queries are typically sent in plaintext, making them vulnerable to interception, spoofing, and censorship.

DNSCrypt is a protocol designed to authenticate communications between a DNS client and a DNS resolver. By encrypting DNS traffic and validating the source of responses, it thwarts man-in-the-middle attacks and DNS poisoning. Despite its security advantages, widespread adoption remains limited due to usability and deployment complexity.

This idea introduces an affordable, lightweight DNSCrypt proxy server capable of providing secure DNS resolution in both home and enterprise environments. Our goal is to democratize secure DNS through low-cost infrastructure and transparent architecture.

---

2. Background

2.1 Traditional DNS Vulnerabilities

• Lack of Encryption: DNS queries are typically unencrypted (UDP port 53), exposing user activity.
• Spoofing and Cache Poisoning: Attackers can forge DNS responses to redirect users to malicious websites.
• Censorship: Governments and ISPs can block or alter DNS responses to control access.

2.2 Introduction to DNSCrypt

DNSCrypt mitigates these problems by: - Encrypting DNS queries using X25519 + XSalsa20-Poly1305 or X25519 + ChaCha20-Poly1305 - Authenticating resolvers via public key infrastructure (PKI) - Supporting relay servers and anonymized DNS, enhancing metadata protection

2.3 Current Landscape

DNSCrypt proxies are available in commercial routers and services (e.g., Cloudflare DNS over HTTPS), but full control remains in the hands of centralized entities. Additionally, hardware requirements and setup complexity can be barriers to entry.

---

3. System Architecture

3.1 Overview

Our system is designed around the following components: - Client Devices: Use DNSCrypt-enabled stub resolvers (e.g., dnscrypt-proxy) - DNSCrypt Proxy Server: Accepts DNSCrypt queries, decrypts and validates them, then forwards to recursive resolvers (e.g., Unbound) - Recursive Resolver (Optional): Provides DNS resolution without reliance on upstream services - Relay Support: Adds anonymization via DNSCrypt relays

3.2 Protocols and Technologies

• DNSCrypt v2: Core encrypted DNS protocol
• X25519 Key Exchange: Lightweight elliptic curve cryptography
• Poly1305 AEAD Encryption: Fast and secure authenticated encryption
• UDP/TCP Fallback: Supports both transport protocols to bypass filtering
• DoH Fallback: Optional integration with DNS over HTTPS

3.3 Hardware Configuration

• Platform: Raspberry Pi 4B or x86 mini-PC (e.g., Lenovo M710q)
• Cost: Under $75 total (device + SD card or SSD)
• Operating System: Debian 12 or Ubuntu Server 24.04
• Memory Footprint: <100MB RAM idle
• Power Consumption: ~3-5W idle

---

4. Design Considerations

4.1 Affordability

• Hardware Sourcing: Use refurbished or SBCs to cut costs
• Software Stack: Entirely open source (dnscrypt-proxy, Unbound)
• No Licensing Fees: FOSS-friendly deployment for communities

4.2 Security

• Ephemeral Key Pairs: New keypairs every session prevent replay attacks
• Public Key Verification: Resolver keys are pre-published and verified
• No Logging: DNSCrypt proxies are configured to avoid retaining user metadata
• Anonymization Support: With relay chaining for metadata privacy

4.3 Maintainability

• Containerization (Optional): Docker-compatible setup for simple updates
• Remote Management: Secure shell access with fail2ban and SSH keys
• Auto-Updating Scripts: Systemd timers to refresh certificates and relay lists

---

5. Implementation

5.1 Installation Steps

1. Install OS and dependencies: bash sudo apt update && sudo apt install dnscrypt-proxy unbound
2. Configure dnscrypt-proxy.toml:
3. Define listening port, relay list, and trusted resolvers
4. Enable Anonymized DNS, fallback to DoH
5. Configure Unbound (optional):
6. Run as recursive backend
7. Firewall hardening:
8. Allow only DNSCrypt port (default: 443 or 5353)
9. Block all inbound traffic except SSH (optional via Tailscale)

5.2 Challenges

• Relay Performance Variability: Some relays introduce latency; solution: geo-filtering
• Certificate Refresh: Mitigated with daily cron jobs
• IP Rate-Limiting: Mitigated with DNS load balancing

---

6. Evaluation

6.1 Performance Benchmarks

• Query Resolution Time (mean):
• Local resolver: 12–18ms
• Upstream via DoH: 25–35ms
• Concurrent Users Supported: 100+ without degradation
• Memory Usage: ~60MB (dnscrypt-proxy + Unbound)
• CPU Load: <5% idle on ARM Cortex-A72

6.2 Security Audits

• Verified with dnsleaktest.com and tcpdump
• No plaintext DNS observed over interface
• Verified resolver keys via DNSCrypt community registry

---

7. Use Cases

7.1 Personal/Home Use

• Secure DNS for all home devices via router or Pi-hole integration

7.2 Educational Institutions

• Provide students with censorship-free DNS in oppressive environments

7.3 Community Mesh Networks

• Integrate DNSCrypt into decentralized networks (e.g., Nostr over Mesh)

7.4 Business VPNs

• Secure internal DNS without relying on third-party resolvers

---

8. Consider

This idea has presented a practical, affordable approach to deploying a secure DNSCrypt proxy server. By leveraging open-source tools, minimalist hardware, and careful design choices, it is possible to democratize access to encrypted DNS. Our implementation meets the growing need for privacy-preserving infrastructure without introducing prohibitive costs.

We demonstrated that even modest devices can sustain dozens of encrypted DNS sessions concurrently while maintaining low latency. Beyond privacy, this system empowers individuals and communities to control their own DNS without corporate intermediaries.

---

9. Future Work

• Relay Discovery Automation: Dynamic quality-of-service scoring for relays
• Web GUI for Management: Simplified frontend for non-technical users
• IPv6 and Tor Integration: Expanding availability and censorship resistance
• Federated Resolver Registry: Trust-minimized alternative to current resolver key lists

---

References

1. DNSCrypt Protocol Specification v2 – https://dnscrypt.info/protocol
2. dnscrypt-proxy GitHub Repository – https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy
3. Unbound Recursive Resolver – https://nlnetlabs.nl/projects/unbound/about/
4. DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) – IETF RFCs 4033, 4034, 4035
5. Bernstein, D.J. – Cryptographic Protocols using Curve25519 and Poly1305
6. DNS over HTTPS (DoH) – RFC 8484

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

Minecraft remains one of the most popular sandbox games in the world. For players who wish to host private or community-based servers, monthly hosting fees can quickly add up. Furthermore, setting up a server from scratch often requires technical knowledge in networking, system administration, and Linux.

This idea explores a do-it-yourself (DIY) method for deploying a low-cost Minecraft server using common secondhand hardware and a simple software stack, with a focus on energy efficiency, ease of use, and full control over the server environment.

---

2. Objective

To build and deploy a dedicated Minecraft server that:

• Costs less than $75 in total
• Consumes minimal electricity (<10W idle)
• Is manageable via a graphical user interface (GUI)
• Supports full server management including backups, restarts, and plugin control
• Requires no port forwarding or complex network configuration
• Delivers performance suitable for a small-to-medium number of concurrent players

---

3. Hardware Overview

3.1 Lenovo M710Q Mini-PC (~$55 used)

• Intel Core i5 (6th/7th Gen)
• 8GB DDR4 RAM
• Compact size and low power usage
• Widely available refurbished

3.2 ID Sonics 512GB NVMe SSD (~$20)

• Fast storage with sufficient capacity for multiple Minecraft server instances
• SSDs reduce world loading lag and improve backup performance

Total Hardware Cost: ~$75

---

4. Software Stack

4.1 Ubuntu Server 24.04

• Stable, secure, and efficient operating system
• Headless installation, ideal for server use
• Supports automated updates and system management via CLI

4.2 CasaOS

• A lightweight operating system layer and GUI on top of Ubuntu
• Built for managing Docker containers with a clean web interface
• Allows app store-like deployment of various services

4.3 Crafty Controller (via Docker)

• Web-based server manager for Minecraft
• Features include:
• Automatic backups and restore
• Scheduled server restarts
• Plugin management
• Server import/export
• Server logs and console access

---

5. Network and Remote Access

5.1 PlayIt.gg Integration

PlayIt.gg creates a secure tunnel to your server via a relay node, removing the need for traditional port forwarding.

Benefits: - Works even behind Carrier-Grade NAT (common on mobile or fiber ISPs) - Ideal for users with no access to router settings - Ensures privacy by hiding IP address from public exposure

---

6. Setup Process Summary

1. Install Ubuntu Server 24.04 on the M710Q
2. Install CasaOS via script provided by the project
3. Use CasaOS to deploy Crafty Controller in a Docker container
4. Configure Minecraft server inside Crafty (Vanilla, Paper, Spigot, etc.)
5. Integrate PlayIt.gg to expose the server to friends
6. Access Crafty via browser for daily management

---

7. Power Consumption and Performance

• Idle Power Draw: ~7.5W
• Load Power Draw (2–5 players): ~15W
• M710Q fan runs quiet and rarely under load
• Performance sufficient for:
• Vanilla or optimized Paper server
• Up to 10 concurrent players with light mods

---

8. Cost Analysis vs Hosted Services

| Solution | Monthly Cost | Annual Cost | Control Level | Mods Support | |-----------------------|--------------|-------------|----------------|---------------| | Commercial Hosting | $5–$15 | $60–$180 | Limited | Yes | | This Build (One-Time) | $75 | $0 | Full | Yes |

Return on Investment (ROI):
Break-even point reached in 6 to 8 months compared to lowest hosting tiers.

---

9. Advantages

• No Subscription: Single upfront investment
• Local Control: Full access to server files and environment
• Privacy Respecting: No third-party data mining
• Modular: Can add mods, backups, maps with full access
• Low Energy Use: Ideal for 24/7 uptime

---

10. Limitations

• Not Ideal for >20 players: CPU and RAM constraints
• Local Hardware Dependency: Physical failure risk
• Requires Basic Setup Time: CLI familiarity useful but not required

---

11. Future Enhancements

• Add Dynmap with reverse proxy and TLS via CasaOS
• Integrate Nextcloud for managing world backups
• Use Watchtower for automated container updates
• Schedule daily email logs using system cron

---

12. Consider

This idea presents a practical and sustainable approach to self-hosting Minecraft servers using open-source software and refurbished hardware. With a modest upfront cost and minimal maintenance, users can enjoy full control over their game worlds without recurring fees or technical hassle. This method democratizes game hosting and aligns well with educational environments, small communities, and privacy-conscious users.

---

@ 3ad01248:962d8a07

The trade war between Trump and the rest of the world has kicked of in earnest with Trump's unveiling of sweeping tariffs on so called "Liberation Day". The entire world was essentially put on notice that there is a new sheriff in town and things will be done different from now on.

The is the sentiment that won Trump the election so it is no wonder that Trump would follow through on changing how the world relates to America. President Trump hit the entire world with reciprocal tariffs and some places where people don't live which I find hilarious

I wonder who was in charge of making this tariff list because they need fired to be honest. Screams incompetence but that for another day. Will Bitcoin benefit from the trade war?

Bitcoin will benefit because the world now believes that the United States can not be trusted to honor its word or commitments. Why would any country want to to business with a country that says one thing and does another. Trump has upended the very economic order that the US created in the first place! Is this a smart idea? Only time will tell to be honest.

The worst thing Trump did was created doubt and uncertainty for the bond market. The bond market is the main engine of economic power for the US government. Having the world buy your bonds gives the United States unparalleled economic power to flex all around the world. The US might have military bases all over the world and uses it to conduct foreign policy but its the economic power of the US that gives it the influence that it has right now.

All that comes into question now. When you shit on your friends and buddy up with your adversaries it not a good look and allies will respond accordingly. Why piss off Canada and Mexico? What policy objective is that accomplishing? Picking fights with Europe? Not smart politics. I get wanting allies to pick up the slack on their end or have better trade relations but there is the right way to do it and a wrong way to do it. Trump undoubtedly goes about it the wrong way.

Has he not heard the saying 'You catch more flies with honey than vinegar?" When you are cordial with people and they like you its a lot easier to get people to do things for you or see things from you perspective versus talking shit and bullying them into submission.

Most countries are not going to tolerate this type of political brinkmanship and will decide that they need to take their money elsewhere. You can expect for them to withdraw their money from the stock market and the bond market over the next 12-24 months. Guess what happens after that? Bond yields go through the roof and the stock market takes a shit! You can kiss your 401k goodbye! You'd have to be suicidal to have your money in the stock market right now.

In this scenario which is mostly likely to occur, Bitcoin goes to the moon because governments are going to be looking for a neutral reserve asset that can't be manipulated like US bonds. Bitcoin is the perfect solution to their problem. Once one major government or central bank puts Bitcoin on the balance sheet its game over for the dollar and the bonds. We might be closer to the end game than we think, and that is scary to think about. "Sometimes there are decades where nothing happens and there are weeks where decades happen." ~ Lenin

Crazy to quote a communist but he isn't wrong about history. We are living through a life alter paradigm shift. It is scary and exhilarating all at the same time. What a time to be alive ladies and gentlemen! Buckle up! Its going to get interesting!

@ ba36d0f7:cd802cba

| Pieza | Movimiento | Reglas Especiales | | --------- | ---------------------------------- | --------------------------- | | Peón | 1 casilla adelante (o 2 al inicio) | Captura al paso, coronación | | Torre | Líneas rectas | Enroque | | Caballo | En "L" (2+1) | Salta piezas | | Alfil | Diagonales | Atrapado en un color | | Dama | Cualquier dirección | Ninguna | | Rey | 1 casilla en cualquier dirección | Enroque, jaque mate |

---

1. Peón (♙ / ♟️)

• Mueve: 1 casilla adelante (o 2 en su primer movimiento).
• Captura: En diagonal (1 casilla). > Especial: >- Captura al paso: Si un peón rival avanza 2 casillas, puedes capturarlo como si hubiera movido 1. > - Coronación: Al llegar a la 8ª fila, se convierte en cualquier pieza (¡usualmente Dama!).

---

2. Torre (♖ / ♜)

• Mueve: Líneas rectas (sin límite de casillas).
• Especial: Participa en el enroque.

---

3. Caballo (♘ / ♞)

• Mueve: En "L" (2 casillas en una dirección + 1 perpendicular).

• Única pieza que salta sobre otras.

4. Alfil (♗ / ♝)

• Mueve: Diagonales (sin límite).

• Siempre permanece en el mismo color de casilla.

5. Dama (♕ / ♛)

• Mueve: Cualquier dirección (recto o diagonal).
• ¡La pieza más poderosa!

---

6. Rey (♔ / ♚)

• Mueve: 1 casilla en cualquier dirección.
  

  Especial:
  - Enroque: Cambia de lugar con una torre (si no hay obstáculos/jaques). - Jaque mate: Pierde si queda atrapado sin escapatoria.

---

Cómo mover

1. Un movimiento por turno.

2. Elige tu pieza y colócala en una casilla legal.

3. Solo tu color: Blancas mueven primero, luego negras, alternando.

4. No pasar: Debes mover si es tu turno.

---

Cómo capturar ("comer")

• Ocupa la casilla de una pieza rival: Reemplázala con tu pieza.

• Peones capturan solo en diagonal (no de frente).

• Los reyes no pueden ser capturados (el jaque mate termina el juego).

✔ Jaque: Ataca al rey enemigo (debe escapar en su siguiente turno).
❌ Ilegal: Mover a jaque o dejar a tu rey en jaque.

---

Movimientos especiales

|Movimiento|Regla Clave|Notación| |---|---|---| |Enroque|Rey + torre, sin movimientos previos|0-0| |Coronación|Peón→cualquier pieza en 8ª fila|e8=D| |Captura al paso|Captura un peón que avanzó 2 casillas|exd6 a.p.|

---

1. Enroque ("La escapatoria del rey")

• Qué: Rey y torre se mueven juntos en un turno.
  Cómo:

• Rey mueve 2 casillas hacia una torre.

• Torre "salta" al lado opuesto del rey.
  

  Reglas: - Sin jaques: El rey no puede estar en jaque ni pasar por casillas atacadas. - Sin movimientos previos: Ni el rey ni esa torre deben haberse movido antes.

Tipos:
- Corto (lado del rey, rápido): 0-0 - Largo (lado de la dama, seguro): 0-0-0

---

2. Coronación ("Coronar")

• Qué: Peón llega a la 8ª fila → se convierte en cualquier pieza (usualmente Dama).

• Cómo: Reemplaza el peón (incluso si ya tienes esa pieza).

Dato curioso: Puedes tener 9 damas (1 original + 8 coronaciones).
Ejemplo: Peón en h8 se convierte en Dama → h8=D.

---

3. Captura al paso (Del francés "en passant")

• Cuándo: Un peón rival avanza 2 casillas y queda al lado del tuyo.

• Cómo: Captúralo en diagonal (como si hubiera movido 1 casilla).
  

Regla: Debes hacerlo inmediatamente (solo en el turno siguiente)

---

Recurso digitales

Guia para principiantes - Lichess.org https://lichess.org/study/Hmb28fbv/QRyxzgre

Ajedrez desde cero - Youtube.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPf9fSY_K2k&list=PLWgqlpb234bHv38g6zXoi3WIJJonzZSAl&index=8

@ 9223d2fa:b57e3de7

9,322 steps

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Welcome to Hortobágy National Park, Hungary’s oldest and largest national park, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site that showcases the wild, open heart of the Puszta—the vast steppe of Eastern Europe. Spanning over 800 km², this park is a land of windswept grasslands, grazing animals, traditional herding culture, and incredible birdlife.

🌾 What to See & Do in Hortobágy

🐃 Explore the Puszta Landscape

• Ride through the grasslands in a horse-drawn cart or take a bike tour
• See iconic gray cattle, racka sheep with spiral horns, water buffalo, and traditional herdsmen in wide-brimmed hats

🐎 Horse Shows & Herding Traditions

• Visit a csikós show, where Hungarian horsemen perform riding tricks and herding techniques
• Learn about the unique pastoral culture that has existed here for centuries

🐦 Birdwatching Paradise

• Hortobágy is one of Europe’s best spots for birdwatching
• See cranes, eagles, storks, and rare migratory species, especially in spring and autumn
• Visit the Hortobágy Bird Hospital and crane observation sites

🌉 Hortobágy Nine-Arch Bridge (Kilenclyukú híd)

• An iconic stone bridge built in the 19th century, stretching over the river Hortobágy
• The symbolic center of the park and a great photo spot
• Nearby you’ll find the Hortobágy Village, with museums, markets, and local food

🧀 Local Culture & Cuisine

• Taste slambuc (a traditional shepherd’s stew), cheeses, and local smoked meats
• Check out folk art and handmade crafts in local markets and heritage centers

🚶‍♂️ How to Visit

• Closest city: Debrecen (around 30 minutes by car or bus)
• The park offers guided tours, bike rentals, and wildlife safaris
• Great for day trips or overnight stays in nearby guesthouses or rural lodges

Hortobágy is more than a landscape—it’s a living cultural heritage site, where ancient traditions, wildlife, and wide horizons stretch as far as the eye can see. Perfect for nature lovers, culture seekers, or anyone looking to experience a different side of Hungary.

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Tucked into the foothills of the Bükk Mountains, Eger is one of Hungary’s most charming and historic towns. Famous for its Baroque architecture, thermal baths, and Egri Bikavér (“Bull’s Blood”) red wine, Eger offers a perfect blend of culture, relaxation, and rustic charm all just a couple of hours from Budapest.

🏰 Top Things to Do in Eger

🏯 Eger Castle (Egri Vár)

• A key site in Hungary’s defense against the Ottoman Empire
• Learn about the 1552 Siege of Eger, when outnumbered locals held off the Turks
• Climb the walls for views of the old town’s red rooftops and spires

⛪ Eger’s Baroque Old Town

• Wander elegant streets lined with pastel facades, cute cafés, and small boutiques
• Don’t miss the Minorite Church and Dobó Square, the lively heart of the city

🛁 Thermal Baths

• Relax in the Eger Turkish Bath, built during the Ottoman period and still in use today
• Or soak at Eger Thermal Spa, great for families and wellness seekers

🍷 Wine Tasting in the Valley of the Beautiful Women (Szépasszony-völgy)

• A short walk or ride from town, this valley is lined with wine cellars built into the hillside
• Taste the iconic Egri Bikavér (a full-bodied red blend) and Egri Csillag (a refreshing white)
• Most cellars offer generous tastings and hearty local snacks

🧀 Local Food to Try

• Goulash, Lángos, and hearty meat dishes
• Pair local cheeses and sausages with regional wines
• Cozy cellar restaurants and rustic taverns set the mood

🚆 Getting There

• About 2 hours by train or car from Budapest
• Walkable town, no car needed once you’re there

@ df478568:2a951e67

"It might make sense just to get some in case it catches on. If enough people think the same way, that becomes a self fulfilling prophecy. Once it gets bootstrapped, there are so many applications if you could effortlessly pay a few cents to a website as easily as dropping coins in a vending machine." --Satoshi Nakamoto The Cryptography Mailing List--January 17, 2009

Forgot to add the good part about micropayments. While I don't think Bitcoin is practical for smaller micropayments right now, it will eventually be as storage and bandwidth costs continue to fall. If Bitcoin catches on on a big scale, it may already be the case by that time. Another way they can become more practical is if I implement client-only mode and the number of network nodes consolidates into a smaller number of professional server farms. Whatever size micropayments you need will eventually be practical. I think in 5 or 10 years, the bandwidth and storage will seem trivial. --Satoshi Nakamoto Bitcoin Talk-- August 5, 2010

I very be coded some HTML buttons using Claude and uploaded it to https://github.com/GhostZaps/ It's just a button that links to zapper.fun.

I signed up for Substack to build an email address, but learned adding different payment options to Substack is against their terms and services. Since I write about nostr, these terms seem as silly as someone saying Craig Wright is Satoshi. It's easy to build an audience on Substack however, or so I thought. Why is it easier to build an audience on Subtack though? Because Substack is a platform that markets to writers. Anyone with a ~~pen~~ ~~keyboard~~ smartphone and an email can create an account with Substack. There's just one problem: You are an Internet serf, working the land for your Internet landlord--The Duke of Substack.

Then I saw that Shawn posted about Substack's UX.

I should have grabbed my reading glasses before pushing the post button, but it occurred to me that I could use Ghost to do this and there is probably a way to hack it to accept bitcoin payments over the lightning network and host it yourself. So I spun my noddle, doodled some plans...And then it hit me. Ghost allows for markdown and HTML. I learned HTML and CSS with free-code camp, but ain't nobody got time to type CSS so I vibe-coded a button that ~~baits~~ sends the clicker to my zapper.fun page. This can be used on any blog that allows you to paste html into it so I added it to my Ghost blog self-hosted on a Start 9. The blog is on TOR at http://p66dxywd2xpyyrdfxwilqcxmchmfw2ixmn2vm74q3atf22du7qmkihyd.onion/, but most people around me have been conditioned to fear the dark web so I used the cloudflared to host my newsletter on the clear net at https://marc26z.com/

Integrating Nostr Into My Self-Hosted Ghost Newsletter

I would venture to say I am more technical than the average person and I know HTML, but my CSS is fuzzy. I also know how to print("Hello world!") in python, but I an NPC beyond the basics. Nevertheless, I found that I know enough to make a button. I can't code well enough to create my own nostr long-form client and create plugins for ghost that send lightning payments to lighting channel, but I know enough about nostr to know that I don't need to. That's why nostr is so F@#%-ing cool! It's all connected. ** - One button takes you to zapper.fun where you can zap anywhere between 1 and ,000,000 sats.** - Another button sends you to a zap planner pre-set to send 5,000 sats to the author per month using nostr. - Yet another button sends you to a zap planner preset to send 2,500 sats per month.

The possibilities are endless. I entered a link that takes the clicker to my Shopstr Merch Store. The point is to write as self-sovereign as possible. I might need to change my lightning address when stuff breaks every now and then, but I like the idea of busking for sats by writing on the Internet using the Value 4 Value model. I dislike ads, but I also want people to buy stuff from people I do business with because I want to promote using bitcoin as peer-to-peer electronic cash, not NGU porn. I'm not prude. I enjoy looking at the price displayed on my BlockClock micro every now and then, but I am not an NGU porn addict.

This line made this pattern, that line made this pattern. All that Bolinger Bart Simpson bullshit has nothing to with bitcoin, a peer-to-peer electronic cash system. It is the musings of a population trapped in the fiat mind-set. Bitcoin is permissionless so I realized I was bieng a hipocryte by using a permissioned payment system becaue it was easier than writing a little vibe code. I don't need permission to write for sats. I don't need to give my bank account number to Substack. I don't need to pay a 10$ vig to publish on a a platform which is not designed for stacking sats. I can write on Ghost and integrate clients that already exist in the multi-nostr-verse.

Nostr Payment Buttons

The buttons can be fouund at https://github.com/Marc26z/GhostZapButton

You can use them yourself. Just replace my npub with your npub or add any other link you want. It doesn't technically need to be a nostr link. It can be anything. I have a link to another Ghost article with other buttons that lead down different sat pledging amounts. It's early. Everyone who spends bitcoin is on nostr and nostr is small, but growing community. I want to be part of this community. I want to find other writers on nostr and stay away from Substack.

Support By Pledging 5,000 Sats Per Month

Here's what it looks like on Ghost: https://marc26z.com/zaps-on-ghost/

npub1marc26z8nh3xkj5rcx7ufkatvx6ueqhp5vfw9v5teq26z254renshtf3g0

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

Proof Of Concept

In a world where decentralization often hinges on the strength of its weakest node, the idea of federation—applied not to content moderation or identity, but strictly to communication protocols—opens up intriguing possibilities. In this model, Nostr relays do not operate in total isolation, nor do they function in a single cohesive mesh. Instead, they form selective, encrypted alliances, communicating through secure tunnels while preserving autonomy.

---

💡 The Core Idea

Relays remain sovereign, but may establish peer-to-peer encrypted channels with other trusted relays using Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) to generate shared secrets. These secrets are then used to encrypt communication tunnels—facilitating a federated communication layer.

Each relay is free to choose: - Whom it speaks to - How often - What types of events are relayed through the tunnel

But never must it rely on a central coordinator.

---

🔁 Schnorr for Authentication

While ECDH can create the secure tunnel, Schnorr signatures (already a part of Nostr’s pubkey-based design) can be used to authenticate the origin of the data inside. This keeps the integrity of messages intact even when traveling over shared or hostile networks.

Use case: - Relay A and Relay B establish an ECDH-based shared key. - All communication is tunnel-encrypted with this shared key. - Inside the tunnel, every message still carries a Schnorr signature, proving its source.

This separation of transport-level encryption from message-level authenticity provides an elegant layering of security.

---

🌐 Practical Benefits

• Obfuscation: Encrypted tunnels reduce visibility into relay-to-relay traffic patterns.
• Privacy: Federation over encrypted channels shields metadata and protects against surveillance.
• Resilience: Relays can route around censorship by tunneling through less obvious peers.
• Synergy: Specific relay clusters can form ephemeral or long-term alliances—say, art relays or academic relays—without disclosing their full graph to the world.

---

🧩 Optional Enhancements

• Noise Protocol Framework to standardize encrypted relay tunnels.
• Tor Hidden Services or I2P for transport obfuscation.
• Relay Reputation Systems to gauge trust before federation.
• Dynamic Federation Negotiation: using NIP-like proposals over encrypted handshakes to initiate or terminate communication agreements.

---

🌱 Case In Point

This is not about governing content, users, or identities—this is about strengthening how relays talk. By embracing federated communication via ECDH and Schnorr-secured tunnels, Nostr relays could evolve into a resilient underground of trust-minimized, pseudonymous routers that defy surveillance while amplifying decentralization.

---

federated communication via ECDH and Schnorr-authenticated encrypted tunnels between Nostr relays:

---

markdown NIP-xyz: Federated Encrypted Relay Communication Status: Draft Type: Relay Created: 2025-04-22

---

Summary

This NIP proposes a method for encrypted, authenticated communication between Nostr relays using ECDH-based tunnels for transport encryption and Schnorr signatures for payload integrity. This federation model allows relays to communicate securely while maintaining full autonomy, enhancing privacy, censorship resistance, and interoperability.

---

Motivation

Nostr’s decentralized architecture relies heavily on relays, which currently operate in isolated or broadcast modes. There is no standard for secure, peer-to-peer communication between relays themselves, outside of client interactions.

Introducing encrypted tunnels between relays offers:

• Privacy: Reduces metadata leakage across public or adversarial networks.
• Resilience: Allows relays to forward events and metadata through trusted peers when direct access is blocked or filtered.
• Autonomy: Federation is opt-in and purely communicational—no centralized authority or directory is involved.
• Extensibility: Enables experimental protocols or content-specific subnets without altering the global Nostr model.

---

Specification

1. Key Exchange via ECDH

Each relay maintains: - A persistent relay keypair: relay_pubkey, relay_privkey - Optionally: rotating session keys for forward secrecy

When two relays (A and B) wish to establish communication: - They exchange their public keys (relay_pubkey_A and relay_pubkey_B) - Both calculate a shared secret using ECDH over secp256k1:

plaintext shared_secret = SHA256(ECDH(relay_privkey_A, relay_pubkey_B))

This shared_secret is used to derive an encryption key for an authenticated symmetric cipher, such as AES-GCM or ChaCha20-Poly1305.

---

2. Encrypted Tunnel Establishment

Once the shared secret is derived: - All messages between relays are sent through an encrypted tunnel - Transport can be TCP, WebSocket, or HTTP/3 over QUIC, optionally via Tor or I2P

A RelayHello message is exchanged encrypted, optionally containing: json { "type": "relay_hello", "relay_name": "nostr.relay.example", "features": ["forwarding", "dedup", "metadata"], "timestamp": 1684000000, "sig": "<Schnorr-signed payload>" }

The sig is a Schnorr signature from the relay_pubkey, verifying the message content.

---

3. Event Forwarding

Relays may forward selected event types across tunnels, such as: - Kind 1 (Text Note) - Kind 3 (Contacts) - Kind 5 (Deletion Notices) - Custom kinds (with mutual agreement)

All forwarded events MUST retain original client-level signatures. Relay-to-relay metadata (like timestamps, relay hints, or scores) may be added in a separate metadata envelope.

---

4. Access Control and Policies

Each relay maintains a federation list, including: - Public key of the peer relay - Features enabled - Rate limits and quotas - Last active session or rotation timestamp

Relays MAY: - Deny tunnel requests - Rotate keys periodically - Restrict communication to a whitelist - Use Proof-of-Work or tokens for DoS protection

---

5. Optional Features

• Forward Secrecy: ephemeral key pairs with HKDF for short sessions
• Relay Reputation: signed relay trust scores (future NIP)
• Message Compression: gzip or zstd on tunnel payloads
• Encrypted Gossip: tunnel-specific metadata routing

---

Compatibility

This NIP is backward-compatible. Relays that do not implement it will simply not participate in tunnel-based communication.

No changes are required from Nostr clients.

---

Reference Implementation (Proposed)

• nostr-tunnel-relay: Rust-based relay that supports federated encrypted tunnels
• nostr-relay-link: CLI tool to establish and monitor tunnels
• Example configs for federation policies in JSON or TOML

---

Rationale

• ECDH ensures only the two relays involved can decrypt tunnel data
• Schnorr signatures authenticate content without duplicating identity schemes
• Federation is scoped only to communication, preserving Nostr’s core simplicity

---

Security Considerations

• Relay pubkeys must be carefully verified to prevent MITM
• Session expiration and key rotation should be configurable
• Replay protection and nonce management are required for AEAD ciphers
• Metadata leakage minimized by default obfuscation or Tor-based transport

---

NIP.eshgham

@ 9bde4214:06ca052b

"It's gonna be permissionless or hell."

Gigi and gzuuus are vibing towards dystopia.

Books & articles mentioned:

• AI 2027
• DVMs were a mistake
• Careless People by Sarah Wynn-Williams
• Takedown by Laila michelwait
• The Ultimate Resource by Julian L. Simon
• Harry Potter by J.K. Rowling
• Momo by Michael Ende

In this dialogue:

• Pablo's Roo Setup
• Tech Hype Cycles
• AI 2027
• Prompt injection and other attacks
• Goose and DVMCP
• Cursor vs Roo Code
• Staying in control thanks to Amber and signing delegation
• Is YOLO mode here to stay?
• What agents to trust?
• What MCP tools to trust?
• What code snippets to trust?
• Everyone will run into the issues of trust and micropayments
• Nostr solves Web of Trust & micropayments natively
• Minimalistic & open usually wins
• DVMCP exists thanks to Totem
• Relays as Tamagochis
• Agents aren't nostr experts, at least not right now
• Fix a mistake once & it's fixed forever
• Giving long-term memory to LLMs
• RAG Databases signed by domain experts
• Human-agent hybrids & Chess
• Nostr beating heart
• Pluggable context & experts
• "You never need an API key for anything"
• Sats and social signaling
• Difficulty-adjusted PoW as a rare-limiting mechanism
• Certificate authorities and centralization
• No solutions to policing speech!
• OAuth and how it centralized
• Login with nostr
• Closed vs open-source models
• Tiny models vs large models
• The minions protocol (Stanford paper)
• Generalist models vs specialized models
• Local compute & encrypted queries
• Blinded compute
• "In the eyes of the state, agents aren't people"
• Agents need identity and money; nostr provides both
• "It's gonna be permissionless or hell"
• We already have marketplaces for MCP stuff, code snippets, and other things
• Most great stuff came from marketplaces (browsers, games, etc)
• Zapstore shows that this is already working
• At scale, central control never works. There's plenty scams and viruses in the app stores.
• Using nostr to archive your user-generated content
• HAVEN, blossom, novia
• The switcharoo from advertisements to training data
• What is Truth?
• What is Real?
• "We're vibing into dystopia"
• Who should be the arbiter of Truth?
• First Amendment & why the Logos is sacred
• Silicon Valley AI bros arrogantly dismiss wisdom and philosophy
• Suicide rates & the meaning crisis
• Are LLMs symbiotic or parasitic?
• The Amish got it right
• Are we gonna make it?
• Careless People by Sarah Wynn-Williams
• Takedown by Laila michelwait
• Harry Potter dementors & Momo's time thieves
• Facebook & Google as non-human (superhuman) agents
• Zapping as a conscious action
• Privacy and the internet
• Plausible deniability thanks to generative models
• Google glasses, glassholes, and Meta's Ray Ben's
• People crave realness
• Bitcoin is the realest money we ever had
• Nostr allows for real and honest expression
• How do we find out what's real?
• Constraints, policing, and chilling effects
• Jesus' plans for DVMCP
• Hzrd's article on how DVMs are broken (DVMs were a mistake)
• Don't believe the hype
• DVMs pre-date MCP tools
• Data Vending Machines were supposed to be stupid: put coin in, get stuff out.
• Self-healing vibe-coding
• IP addresses as scarce assets
• Atomic swaps and the ASS protocol
• More marketplaces, less silos
• The intensity of #SovEng and the last 6 weeks
• If you can vibe-code everything, why build anything?
• Time, the ultimate resource
• What are the LLMs allowed to think?
• Natural language interfaces are inherently dialogical
• Sovereign Engineering is dialogical too

@ 9bde4214:06ca052b

“We do not have the answers."

Pablo & Gigi have no solutions.

In this dialogue:

• What is this No Solutions thing anyway?
• Why dialogue and distributed cognition is so important
• Why is nostr exciting for developers?
• Evolution, Life, and nostr
• What is the perfect nostr app, and why can’t there be THE perfect nostr app?
• Why there is no “global” view in nostr
• Impossible problems vs. possible (but still hard) problems
• Blossom, blossom, and more blossom
• Zooko’s Triangle
• Freedom Tech Building Blocks
• NIP-60/61, NIP-89
• Email vs ICQ
• Accepting constraints & moving forward
• Nostr has data integrity, but no data guarantees
• Bitcoin as an extreme RAID system
• Fault tolerance vs. efficiency
• “Build the infrastructure, don’t run it.”
• eCash fixes 402
• Everything in nostr can be one-click
• There’s infinite nsecs (and they are free!)
• The magic of the nostr view-only mode
• The Local-first movement
• How to monetize without putting yourself in the middle?
• RoboSats as an example of open-source monetization
• The YouTube like count is a lie

Further links:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_cognition
• https://nips.nostr.com/60
• https://nips.nostr.com/61
• https://nips.nostr.com/89
• https://github.com/hzrd149/blossom
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooko’s_triangle
• https://www.jrepodcast.com/guest/adam-curry/
• https://localfirstweb.dev/
• https://www.localfirstconf.com/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICQ
• https://appleinsider.com/articles/24/05/25/icq-1996-2024-the-first-universal-messenger-had-a-good-run-and-is-leaving-us-soon
• https://www.chatinum.com/articles/the-old-chat-apps-of-the-2000s
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIkhgagvrjI
• https://njump.me/nosolutions@sovereignengineering.io

@ 7ef5f1b1:0e0fcd27

A monthly newsletter by The 256 Foundation

April 2025

Introduction:

Welcome to the fourth newsletter produced by The 256 Foundation! March was an action-packed month with events ranging from the announcement of TSMC investing in US fabs to four solo block finds. Dive in to catch up on the latest news, mining industry developments, progress updates on grant projects, Actionable Advice on updating a Futurebit Apollo I to the latest firmware, and the current state of the Bitcoin network.

[IMG-001] Variation of the “I’m the captain now” meme by @maxisclub

Definitions:

MA = Moving Average

Eh/s = Exahash per second

Ph/s = Petahash per second

Th/s = Terahash per second

T = Trillion

J/Th = Joules per Terahash

$ = US Dollar

OS = Operating System

SSD = Solid State Drive

TB = Terabyte

News:

March 3, Ashigaru releases v1.1.1. Notable because this fork of Samourai Wallet serves as the remaining choice of mobile Bitcoin wallet capable of making peer to peer collaborative transactions. Not the Whirlpool transactions that Samourai Wallet was well-known for but the Stowaway and StonewallX2 p2p CoinJoin transactions. The persistence of Samourai’s tools still working despite the full force of the State coming down on the developers is a testament to the power of open-source code.

March 3, Stronghold completes cleanup of decommissioned coal plant using Bitcoin miners. Stronghold’s initiative counters the narrative that Bitcoin mining is wasteful by removing 150,000 tons of coal waste, part of a broader effort that cleared 240,000 tons in Q2 2024 alone. Waste coal piles in Pennsylvania, like the one in Russellton, have scarred landscapes, making this reclamation a significant step for local ecosystems. The project aligns with growing efforts in the region, as The Nature Conservancy also leads restoration projects in Pennsylvania to revive forests and waters. Stronghold’s dual-use model—powering Bitcoin miners and supplying the grid—shows how Bitcoin mining can support environmental goals while remaining economically viable.

March 3, five TSMC semiconductor fabs coming to Arizona. TSMC’s $100 billion investment in Arizona reflects a strategic push to bolster U.S. semiconductor production amid global supply chain vulnerabilities and geopolitical tensions, particularly with West Taiwan’s claims over Taiwan. TSMC’s existing $65 billion investment in Phoenix, now totaling $165 billion, aims to create 40,000 construction jobs and tens of thousands of high-tech roles over the next decade. This could relieve bottlenecks in ASIC chip supply if Bitcoin mining chip designers can get access to the limited foundry space. If that is the case, this could help alleviate some centralization concerns as it relates to a majority of Bitcoin mining chips coming from Taiwan and West Taiwan.

March 10, Block #887212 solved by a Bitaxe Ultra with ~491Gh/s. Not only did the Bitaxe satisfy the network difficulty, which was 112.15T, but obliterated it with a whopping 719.9T difficulty. This Block marked the second one solved by a Bitaxe and an increasing number of solo block finds overall as more individuals choose to play the Bitcoin lottery with their hashrate.

March 12, Pirate Bay co-founder, Carl Lundström, killed in plane crash. The Pirate Bay, launched in 2003, revolutionized online file-sharing by popularizing BitTorrent technology, enabling millions to access music, movies, and software, often in defiance of legal systems, which led to Lundström’s 2009 conviction for copyright infringement. The timing of his death coincides with ongoing global debates over digital ownership and intellectual property, often echoing many of the same themes in open-source technology, underscoring the enduring impact of The Pirate Bay’s challenge to traditional media distribution models.

March 18, Samourai Wallet status conference update. This was a short meeting in which the dates for the remaining pre-trial hearings was discussed.

- May 9, Opening Motion.
- June 6, prosecution response to the opening motion.
- June 20, defense replies to the prosecution response.
- July 15, prosecution provides expert disclosure
- August 8, defense provides expert disclosure
- Tdev is able to remain home during the remaining pre-trial hearings so that he doesn’t have to incur the expenses traveling back and forth between Europe and the US

Despite seemingly positive shifts in crypto-related policies from the Trump administration, all signs point to the prosecution still moving full steam ahead in this case. The defense teams need to be prepared and they could use all the financial help they can get. If you feel compelled to support the legal defense fund, please do so here. If the DOJ wins this case, all Bitcoiners lose.

March 18, DEMAND POOL launches, transitioning out of stealth mode and making room for applicants to join the private waiting list to be one of the Founding Miners.

Key features of DEMAND Pool include: • Build your own blocks • SLICE payment system & new mempool algorithm • No more empty blocks • End-to-end encryption for protection • Efficient data transfer, less wasted hashrate • Lower costs on CPU, bandwidth, & time

DEMAND Pool implements Stratum v2 so that miners can generate their own block templates, entering the arena of pools trying to decentralize mining such as OCEAN with their alternative to Stratum v2 called DATUM. A benefit of the Stratum v2 protocol over Stratum v1 is that data sent between the miner and the pool is now encrypted whereas before it was sent in clear-text, the encryption helps with network level privacy so that for example, your Internet Service Provider cannot read what is in the data being passed back and forth. Although, unless there is a proxy between your miner and the pool then the ISP may be able to determine that you are sending data to a mining pool, they just wouldn’t be able to tell what’s in that data. Overall, decentralization has become a buzz word lately and while it is a step in the right direction that more pools are enabling miners to decide which transactions are included in the block templates they work on, the pools remain a centralized force that ultimately can reject templates based on a number of reasons.

March 20, Bitaxe makes the cover of Bitcoin Magazine’s The Mining Issue, solidifying the Bitaxe as a pop-culture icon. Even those who disregard the significance of the Bitaxe project must recognize that the project’s popularity is an indication that something big is developing here.

[IMG-002] Bitcoin Magazine, The Mining Issue

March 21, self-hosted solo miner solves block #888737 with a Futurebit Apollo, making this the third solo block find for Futurebit. The first Futurebit Apollo block find may have been a fluke, the second a coincidence, but the third is an indication of a pattern forming here. More hashrate is being controlled by individuals who are constructing their own blocks and this trend will accelerate as time goes on and deploying these devices becomes easier and less expensive. This was the second solo block found in March.

March 21, US Treasury Department lifts sanctions on Tornado Cash. This is a positive sign coming from the US Treasury, however the charges against the Tornado Cash developer, Roman Storm, still stand and his legal defense team is still fighting an uphill battle. Even though the US Treasury removed Tornado Cash from the OFAC list, the department is attempting to stop a Texas court from granting a motion that would ensure the Treasury can’t put Tornado Cash back on the OFAC list. Meanwhile, the other Tornado Cash developer, Alex Pertsev, is fighting his appeal battle in the Dutch courts.

March 22, Self-hosted Public Pool user mines Block #888989. This was the first block mined with the Public Pool software, which is open-source and available for anyone to host themselves, in this case hosted on the user’s Umbrel. If you read the January issue of The 256 Foundation newsletter, there are detailed instructions for hosting your own instance of Public Pool on a Raspberry Pi. Easier solutions exist and accomplish the same thing such as Umbrel and Start9. This was the third solo block mined in March.

March 26, DeFi Education Fund publishes coalition letter urging congress to correct the DOJ’s dangerous misinterpretation of money transmission laws. In their own words: “First seen in Aug 2023 via the criminal indictment of @rstormsf, the DOJ’s novel legal theory expands criminal liability to software developers, ignoring longstanding FinCEN guidance and threatening the entire U.S. blockchain & digital asset ecosystem”. Many familiar organizations in the industry signed the letter, such as Coinbase, Kraken, A16z Crypto, and Ledger. Sadly, no Bitcoin companies signed the letter, highlighting the reckless ignorance prevalent among the “toxic Bitcoin maximalists” who often pride themselves on their narrow focus; a focus which is proving to be more of a blind spot limiting their ability to recognize a clear and present threat. The full letter text can be found here.

March 28, Heatbit reveals the black Heatbit, an elegant space heater that mines Bitcoin. Heat re-use applications such as Bitcoin mining space heaters are one of many examples where energy spent on generating heat can also earn the user sats. Other popular solutions include heating hot tubs, hotels, drive ways, and more. The innovations in this area will continue to be unlocked as open-source solutions like the ones being developed at The 256 Foundation are released and innovators gain more control over their applications.

March 29, miner with 2.5Ph/s solves Block #889975 with Solo CK Pool, marking the fourth solo block found in the month of March. This was the first solo block found on CK Pool’s European server. This was a good way to finish the month on a strong note for small-scale miners.

Free & Open Mining Industry Developments:

The development will not stop until Bitcoin mining is free and open. Innovators didn’t let off the gas in March, here are eleven note-worthy events:

0) @BTC_Grid demonstrates heating a new residential build with Bitcoin miners. This custom build features 6,000 square feet of radiant floors, 1,500 sqft of snow melting slab, 2 heated pools, all powered by Bitcoin miners and fully automated. Innovations and efficient systems like this will become more common as Bitcoin mining hardware and firmware solutions become open-source

1) @DrydeGab shares The Ocho, a Bitaxe Nerd Octaxe open-source Bitcoin miner featuring 8x BM1370 ASICs that performs at 9-10Th/s consuming ~180W. The Ocho runs on it’s own custom AxeOS. Currently out of stock but generally available for purchase in the IX Tech store.

[IMG-003] The Nerd OCTAXE Ocho by @DrydeGab

2) @incognitojohn23 demonstrates building a Bitaxe from scratch with no prior experience, proving that anyone can access this technology with a little determination and the right community. @incognitojohn23 has also uploaded several videos documenting his progress and lessons along the way. Every builder has their first day, don’t hold back if you feel compelled to jump in and get started.

3) @HodlRev demonstrating how he combines Bitcoin mining with maple syrup production. In fact, @HodlRev has integrated Bitcoin mining into several aspects of his homestead. Be sure to follow his content for an endless stream of resourceful ideas. Once open-source Bitcoin mining firmware and hardware solutions become widely available, innovators like @HodlRev will have more control over every parameter of these unique applications.

4) ATL Bitlab announces their first hackathon, running June 7 through July 6. Promoted as “A global hackathon focused on all things bitcoin mining”. If you are interested in joining the hackathon, there is a Google form you can fill out here. It will be interesting to see what innovations come from this effort.

5) @100AcresRanch builds touchscreen dashboard for Bitaxe and Loki Boards. With this, you can control up to 10 mining devices with the ability to instantly switch any of the presets without going into the mining device UI.

[IMG-004] Decentral Command Dashboard by @100AcresRanch

6) @IxTechCrypto reveals HAXE, the newest member of the Nerdaxe miner family. HAXE is a 6 ASIC miner performing at ~7.4 Th/s at ~118W. Upon looking at the IX Tech store, it seems as though the HAXE has not hit shelves yet but keep an eye out for announcements soon.

7) Solo Satoshi reveals the NerdQaxe++, the latest marvel in the world of open-source Bitcoin mining solutions. This device is equipped with four ASIC chips from the Antminer S21 Pro and boasts an efficiency rating of 15.8 J/Th. At the advertised power consumption of 76 Watts, that would produce nearly 5 Th/s. Currently out of stock at the Solo Satoshi store and the IX Tech store but in stock and available at the PlebSource store.

8) @TheSoloMiningCo shares a bolt-on voltage regulator heatsink for the Bitaxe, this is a helpful modification when overclocking your miner and helps dissipate heat away from the voltage regulator. Many innovators are discovering ways to get every bit of efficiency they can from their hardware and sharing their ideas with the wider community for anyone to adopt.

9) @boerst adds historical data to stratum.work, a public website that monitors mining pool activity through calling for the work templates being generated for the pool’s respective miners. By parsing the information available in the work templates, a number of interesting observations can be made like which pools are merely proxies for larger pools, timing analysis of when templates are sent out, and now historical data on what the state of each pool’s templates were at a given block height. The work Boerst is doing with this website provides a great tool for gaining insights into mining centralization.

10) Braiins open-sources the BCB100 Control Board, designed to work with Antminers, this control board project has two parts: the hardware and the software. For the hardware part, open files include the Bill Of Materials, schematics, Gerbers, and CAD files. For the software part, open files include the board-level OpenWrt-based firmware with the full configuration file and the Nix environment for reproducible builds. The mining firmware binaries for bosminer and boser (same as the official Braiins OS releases) are also available to download and use to compile the image for the control board, however the Braiins OS firmware itself is not included in this open-source bundle. Braiins chose the GPLv3 open-source license for the software and the CERN-OHL-S open-source license for the hardware. This is a great gesture by Braiins and helps validate the efforts of The 256 Foundation to make Bitcoin mining free and open. The Braiins GitHub repositories where all this information can be found are accessible here and here. The 256 Foundation has plans to develop a Mujina firmware that can be flashed onto the BCB100 helping target Antminer machines.

Grant Project Updates:

In March, The 256 Foundation formalized agreements with the lead developers who were selected for each project. These agreements clearly defined the scope of each project, identified the deliverables, set a timeline, and agreement on compensation was made. Below are the outlines for each project, the compensation is not made public for privacy and security reasons.

Ember One:

@skot9000 instigator of the Bitaxe and all around legend for being the first mover in open-source Bitcoin mining solutions is the lead engineer for the Ember One project. This was the first fully funded grant from The 256 Foundation and commenced in November 2024 with a six month duration. The deliverable is a validated design for a ~100W miner with a standardized form factor (128mm x 128mm), USB-C data connection, 12-24v input voltage, with plans for several versions – each with a different ASIC chip. The First Ember One features the Bitmain BM1362 ASIC, next on the list will be an Ember One with the Intel BZM2 ASIC, then an Auradine ASIC version, and eventually a Block ASIC version. Learn more at: https://emberone.org/

Mujina Mining Firmware:

@ryankuester, embedded Linux developer and Electrical Engineer who has mastered the intersection of hardware and software over the last 20 years is the lead developer for the Mujina project, a Linux based mining firmware application with support for multiple drivers so it can be used with Ember One complete mining system. The grant starts on April 5, 2025 and continues for nine months. Deliverables include:

Core Mujina-miner Application: - Fully open-source under GPLv3 license - Written in Rust for performance, robustness, and maintainability, leveraging Rust's growing adoption in the Bitcoin ecosystem - Designed for modularity and extensibility - Stratum V1 client (which includes DATUM compatibility) - Best effort for Stratum V2 client in the initial release but may not happen until later

Hardware Support:

- Support for Ember One 00 hash boards (Bitmain chips)
- Support for Ember One 01 hash boards (Intel chips) on a best effort basis but may not happen until later
- Full support on the Raspberry Pi CM5 and IO board running the Raspberry Pi OS
- Support for the Libre board when released
- Best-effort compatibility with other hardware running Linux

Management Interfaces:

• HTTP API for remote management and monitoring
• Command-line interface for direct control
• Basic web dashboard for status monitoring
• Configuration via structured text files
• Community Building and Infrastructure
• GitHub project organization and workflow
• Continuous integration and testing framework
• Comprehensive user and developer documentation
• Communication channels for users and developers
• Community building through writing, podcasts, and conference participation

The initial release of Mujina is being built in such a way that it supports long-term goals like ultimately evolving into a complete Linux-based operating system, deployable through simple flashing procedures. Initially focused on supporting the 256 Foundation's Libre control boards and Ember hash boards, Mujina's modular architecture will eventually enable compatibility with a wide variety of mining hardware from different manufacturers. Lean more at: https://mujina.org/

Libre Board:

@Schnitzel, heat re-use maximalist who turned his home's hot water accessories into Bitcoin-powered sats generators and during the day has built a successful business with a background in product management, is the lead engineer on the Libre Board project; the control board for the Ember One complete mining system. Start date is April 5, 2025 and the deliverables after six months will be a mining control board based on the Raspberry Pi Compute Module I/O Board with at least the following connections:

• USB hub integration (maybe 10 ports?)
• Support for fan connections
• NVME expansion
• Two 100-pin connectors for the compute module
• Ethernet port
• HDMI port
• Raspberrypi 40-pin header for sensors, switches, & relays etc.
• MIPI port for touchscreen
• Accepts 12-24 VDC input power voltage.

The initial release of Libre Board is being built in such a way that it supports long-term goals like alternative compute modules such as ARM, x86, and RISC-V. Learn more at: https://libreboard.org/

Hydra Pool:

@jungly, distributed systems PhD and the lead developer behind P2Pool v2 and formerly for Braidpool, now takes the reigns as lead developer for Hydra Pool, the stratum server package that will run on the Ember One mining system. Start date for this project was on April 5, 2025 and the duration lasts for six months. Deliverables include:

• Talks to bitcoind and provides stratum work to users and stores received shares
• Scalable and robust database support to save received shares 
• Run share accounting on the stored shares
• Implement payment mechanisms to pay out miners based on the share accounting
• Provide two operation modes: Solo mining and PPLNS or Tides based payout mechanism, with payouts from coinbase only. (All other payout mechanism are out of scope of this initial release for now but there will be more).
• Rolling upgrades: Tools and scripts to upgrade server with zero downtime.
• Dashboard: Pool stats view only dashboard with support to filter miner payout addresses.
• Documentation: Setup and other help pages, as required.

The initial release of Hydra Pool is being built in such a way that it supports long-term goals like alternative payout models such as echash, communicating with other Hydra Pool instances, local store of shares for Ember One, and a user-friendly interface that puts controls at the user's fingertips, and supports the ability for upstream pool proxying. Learn More at: https://hydrapool.org/

Block Watcher:

Initially scoped to be a Bitcoin mining insights application built to run on the Ember One mining system using the self-hosted node for blockchain data. However, The 256 Foundation has decided to pause Block Watcher development for a number of reasons. Primarily because the other four projects were more central to the foundation’s mission and given the early stages of the Foundation with the current support level, it made more sense to deploy capital where it counts most.

Actionable Advice:

This month’s Actionable Advice column explains the process for upgrading the Futurebit Apollo I OS to the newer Apollo II OS and replacing the SSD. The Futurebit Apollo is a small mining device with an integrated Bitcoin node designed as a plug-and-play solution for people interested in mining Bitcoin without all the noise and heat of the larger industrial-grade miners. The Apollo I can hash between 2 – 4 Th/s and will consume roughly 125 – 200 Watts. The Apollo II can hash between 8 – 10 Th/s and will consume roughly 280 – 400 Watts. The motivation behind upgrading from the Apollo I OS to the Apollo II OS is the ability to run a stratum server internally so that the mining part of the device can ask the node part of the device for mining work, thus enabling users to solo mine in a self-hosted fashion. In fact, this is exactly what The 256 Foundation did during the Telehash fundraising event where Block #881423 was solo mined, at one point there was more than 1 Eh/s of hashrate pointed to that Apollo.

[IMG-005] Futurebit Apollo I with new NVME SSD

You can find the complete flashing instructions on the Futurebit website here. You will need a separate computer to complete the flashing procedure. The flashing procedure will erase all data on the microSD card so back it up if you have anything valuable saved on there.

First navigate to the Futurebit GitHub Releases page at: https://github.com/jstefanop/apolloapi-v2/releases

Once there, you will see two OS images available for download, along with two links to alternative hosting options for those two images. If you are upgrading an Apollo I, you need to figure out which new OS image is right for your device, the MCU 1 image or the MCU 2 image. There are detailed instructions on figuring this out available here. There are multiple ways to determine if you need the MCU 1 or MCU 2 image. If the second to last digit in your Futurebit Apollo I is between 4 – 8 then you have an MCU 1; or if your batch number is 1 – 3 then you have an MCU 1; or if the circuit board has a 40-pin connector running perpendicular to the microSD card slot then you have an MCU 1. Otherwise, you have an MCU 2.

For example, this is what the MCU 1 circuit board will look like:

[IMG-006] Futurebit MCU1 example

Once you figure out which OS image you need, go ahead and download it. The SHA256 hash values for the OS Image files are presented in the GitHub repo. If you’re running Linux on your computer, you can change directory to your Download folder and run the following command to check the SHA256 hash value of the file you downloaded and compare that to the SHA256 hash values on GitHub.

[IMG-007] Verifying Futurebit OS Image Hash Value

With the hash value confirmed, you can use a program like Balena Etcher to flash your microSD card. First remove the microSD card from the Apollo circuit board by pushing it inward, it should make a small click and then spring outward so that you can grab it and remove it from the slot.

Connect the microSD card to your computer with the appropriate adapter.

Open Balena Etcher and click on the “Flash From File” button to define the file path to where you have the OS image saved:

[IMG-008] Balena Etcher user interface

Then click on the “Select Target” button to define the drive which you will be flashing. Select the microSD card and be sure not to select any other drive on your computer by mistake:

[IMG-009] Balena Etcher user interface

Then click on the “Flash” button and Balena Etcher will take care of formatting the microSD card, decompressing the OS image file, and flashing it to the microSD card.

[IMG-010] Balena Etcher user interface.

The flashing process can take some time so be patient. The Balena Etcher interface will allow you to monitor the progress.

[IMG-011] Balena Etcher user interface.

Once the flashing process is completed successfully, you will receive a notice in the balena Etcher interface that looks like this:

[IMG-012] Balena Etcher user interface.

You can remove the microSD card from your computer now and install it back into the Futurebit Apollo. If you have an adequately sized SSD then your block chain data should be safe as that is where it resides, not on the microSD card. If you have a 1TB SSD then this would be a good time to consider upgrading to a 2TB SSD instead. There are lots of options but you want to get an NVME style one like this:

[IMG-013] 1TB vs. 2TB NVME SSD

Simply loosen the screw holding the SSD in place and then remove the old SSD by pulling it out of the socket. Then insert the new one and put the screw back in place.

Once the SSD and microSD are back in place, you can connect Ethernet and the power supply, then apply power to your Apollo.

You will be able to access your Apollo through a web browser on your computer. You will need to figure out the local IP address of your Apollo device so log into your router and check the DHCP leases section. Your router should be accessible from your local network by typing an IP address into your web browser like 192.168.0.1 or 10.0.0.1 or maybe your router manufacturer uses a different default. You should be able to do an internet search for your specific router and figure it out quickly if you don’t already know. If that fails, you can download and run a program like Angry IP Scanner.

Give the Apollo some time to run through a few preliminary and automatic configurations, you should be able to see the Apollo on your local network within 10 minutes of powering it on.

Once you figure out the IP address for your Apollo, type it into your web browser and this is the first screen you should be greeted with:

[IMG-014] Futurebit welcome screen

Click on the button that says “Start setup process”. The next you will see should look like this:

[IMG-015] Futurebit mining selection screen

You have the option here to select solo mining or pooled mining. If you have installed a new SSD card then you should select pooled mining because you will not be able to solo mine until the entire Bitcoin blockchain is downloaded.

Your Apollo will automatically start downloading the Bitcoin blockchain in the background and in the mean-time you can start mining with a pool of your choice like Solo CK Pool or Public Pool or others.

Be forewarned that the Initial Blockchain Download (“IBD”) takes a long time. At the time of this writing, it took 18 days to download the entire blockchain using a Starlink internet connection, which was probably throttled at some points in the process because of the roughly 680 GB of data that it takes.

In February 2022, the IBD on this exact same device took 2 days with a cable internet connection. Maybe the Starlink was a bit of a bottleneck but most likely the extended length of the download can be attributed to all those JPEGS on the blockchain.

Otherwise, if you already have the full blockchain on your SSD then you should be able to start solo mining right away by selecting the solo mining option.

After making your selection, the Apollo will automatically run through some configurations and you should have the option to set a password somewhere in there along the way. Then you should see this page:

[IMG-016] Futurebit setup completion page

Click on the “Start mining” button. Then you should be brought to your dashboard like this:

[IMG-017] Futurebit dashboard

You can monitor your hashrate, temperatures, and more from the dashboard. You can check on the status of your Bitcoin node by clicking on the three-circle looking icon that says “node” on the left-hand side menu.

[IMG-018] Futurebit node page

If you need to update the mining pool, click on the “settings” option at the bottom of the left-hand side menu. There you will see a drop down menu for selecting a pool to use, you can select the “setup custom pool” option to insert the appropriate stratum URL and then your worker name.

Once your IBD is finished, you can start solo mining by toggling on the solo mode at the bottom of the settings page. You will have a chance to update the Bitcoin address you want to mine to. Then click on “save & restart”.

[IMG-019] Futurebit mining pool settings

Then once your system comes back up, you will see a banner at the top of the dashboard page with the IP address you can use to point any other miners you have, like Bitaxes, to your own self-hosted solo mining pool!

[IMG-020] Futurebit solo mining dashboard

Now just sit back and enjoy watching your best shares roll in until you get one higher than the network difficulty and you mine that solo block.

State of the Network:

Hashrate on the 14-day MA according to mempool.space increased from ~793 Eh/s to ~829 Eh/s in March, marking ~4.5% growth for the month.

[IMG-021] 2025 hashrate/difficulty chart from mempool.space

Difficulty was 110.57T at it’s lowest in March and 113.76T at it’s highest, which is a 2.8% increase for the month. All together for 2025 up until the end of March, difficulty has gone up ~3.6%.

According to the Hashrate Index, more efficient miners like the <19 J/Th models are fetching $17.29 per terahash, models between 19J/Th – 25J/Th are selling for $11.05 per terahash, and models >25J/Th are selling for $3.20 per terahash. Overall, prices seem to have dropped slightly over the month of March. You can expect to pay roughly $4,000 for a new-gen miner with 230+ Th/s.

[IMG-022] Miner Prices from Luxor’s Hashrate Index

Hashvalue is closed out in March at ~56,000 sats/Ph per day, relatively flat from Frebruary, according to Braiins Insights. Hashprice is $46.00/Ph per day, down from $47.00/Ph per day in February.

[IMG-023] Hashprice/Hashvalue from Braiins Insights

The next halving will occur at block height 1,050,000 which should be in roughly 1,071 days or in other words ~156,850 blocks from time of publishing this newsletter.

Conclusion:

Thank you for reading the third 256 Foundation newsletter. Keep an eye out for more newsletters on a monthly basis in your email inbox by subscribing at 256foundation.org. Or you can download .pdf versions of the newsletters from there as well. You can also find these newsletters published in article form on Nostr.

If you haven’t done so already, be sure to RSVP for the Texas Energy & Mining Summit (“TEMS”) in Austin, Texas on May 6 & 7 for two days of the highest Bitcoin mining and energy signal in the industry, set in the intimate Bitcoin Commons, so you can meet and mingle with the best and brightest movers and shakers in the space.

While you’re at it, extend your stay and spend Cinco De Mayo with The 256 Foundation at our second fundraiser, Telehash #2. Everything is bigger in Texas, so set your expectations high for this one. All of the lead developers from the grant projects will be present to talk first-hand about how to dismantle the proprietary mining empire.

IMG-024] TEMS 2025 flyer

If you have an old Apollo I laying around and want to get it up to date and solo mining then hopefully this newsletter helped you accomplish that.

[IMG-026] FREE SAMOURAI

If you want to continue seeing developers build free and open solutions be sure to support the Samourai Wallet developers by making a tax-deductible contribution to their legal defense fund here. The first step in ensuring a future of free and open Bitcoin development starts with freeing these developers.

You can just FAFO,

-econoalchemist

@ 9bde4214:06ca052b

“You’ll get all that for free if you build it right.”

Pablo & Gigi try to stop giggling.

In this dialogue:

• 01: Start Ugly
• 02: There is No Global
• Concept of ownership & “Read, Write, Own”
• Shamir Secret Sharing and Timelocks
• “No amount of violence will ever solve a math problem.”
• You can’t prove deletion of a key (or anything, really); best you can do is “burn” bitcoin
• Data is information, which behaves like an idea (not like an apple)
• “If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange these apples then you and I will still each have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas.” – https://dergigi.com/threads/memes-vs-the-world
• Why the Pubky architecture isn’t great
• Cashu
• Nutzaps: NIP-60 / NIP-61
• How nutzaps fix fake zaps on zaplife.lol
• “Ecash fixes HTTP 402”
• “[Bitcoin [and nostr]] take advantage of the nature of information being easy to spread but hard to stifle.” –Satoshi Nakamoto
• Discovery with NIP-89
• #RunDVM with NIP-90
• Why micropayments can’t work on credit rails, and how bitcoin is the rediscovery of money.
• Putting payments into blossom
• “Money is essen­tially a tool to keep track of who owes what to whom. Broadly speaking, every­thing we have used as money up to now falls into two categories: physical artifacts and infor­ma­tional lists. Or, to use more common parlance: tokens and ledgers.”
• “maximum utility in the world of Bitcoin entails the adoption of maximum responsibility.”
• Complexity of Lightning vs the simplicity of eCash
• Amber and Citrine
• How Pablo became the BIS
• 12 words in your head can literally save your life
• The in-between of custodial and non-custodial in a multi-mint world
• Nutzaps integrated in chachi.chat
• The intermediacy of nostr is magic
• In nostr you’ll get a lot for free IF YOU BUILD IT RIGHT
• “Free Speech platforms cannot exist; if there is a ‘deplatform’ button, the button will be pressed.”
• “Neither nostalgia nor utopia.”
• Solutions that make stuff worse over time vs solutions that make stuff better over time.

• asknostr on passkeys, and why we think they’ll make things worse over time.

• Authentication vs identity: “identification asks, authentication proves”
• You are not your name and photo; identity is prismatic
• (m00t’s talk on it at web summit 2011)
• Starbug from CCC pwning TouchID biometrics from a high-res photo (article)
• Key rotation and (American) HODL
• Social recovery
• Multi-sig for nostr with FROSTR

Links & References:

• Nostr Protocol Repository: https://github.com/nostr-protocol
• Cashu (e-cash): https://github.com/cashubtc
• NIP-60 (Nutzaps): https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/60.md
• NIP-89 (Service Discovery) & NIP-90 (DVMs) – upcoming proposals: https://nips.nostr.com/89 & https://nips.nostr.com/90

@ 9bde4214:06ca052b

“I don’t believe in Utopia anymore. I’m too old for that.”

Calle & Gigi philosophize about nuts.

Books and articles mentioned:

• Who Owns the Future?
• The Cathedral And The Bazaar
• Cryptography is Not Enough
• Bitcoin is Time

In this dialogue:

• Where is the Utopia that the internet promised?
• “Neither nostalgia nor utopia”
• Net Neutrality is a moral stance
• Where did the internet go wrong?
• Tech as a tool; is tech always neutral?
• Technology that increases agency VS tech that enslaves
• Competition vs Symbiosis
• “Who will run the mints?”
• “Anyone” can use it vs “everyone” can use it
• Centralizing vs. Monopolizing
• Bitcoin has an ethos baked in (You Shall Not Steal)
• Passive internet vs active internet
• Agency in cyberspace, and how to maximize it
• Blinded custodian vs regular custodian
• User data is a liability
• Obscura / Mullvad / Silent.Link as obvious early adopters
• Run your own ISP - Tollgate
• Cryptography is Not Enough
• Bitcoin is Time
• Time requires heat
• Zero-knowledge service providers
• Electronic Cash vs Digital Cash (CBDCs)
• Credit requires KYC, KYC implies outside enforcement
• Writings on Micropayments by Nick Szabo
• eCash fixes 402, obviously
• Who Owns the Future?
• “You are the product” vs “Subscription Hell”
• “Hello old friend!!!”
• Cathedral vs Bazaar
• Why paywalls suck
• Information wants to be free
• "Markets become absurd as supply approaches infinity."
• eCash + AI = match made in heaven
• #LearnToCode vs #LearnToPrompt
• Scarcity in cyberspace: compute, storage, networking
• Zero-Knowledge compute & zero-knowledge proofs
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-knowledge_proof
• https://github.com/AbdelStark/cashu-zk-engine
• Cairo: https://github.com/starkware-libs/cairo
• MCP https://github.com/AbdelStark/bitcoin-mcp
• MCP DVM: https://github.com/r0d8lsh0p/n8n-AI-agent-DVM-MCP-client
• DVMCP: https://mcp.so/server/dvmcp
• Olas & Nutzaps (NIP-60, NIP-61)
• Bitcoin is not only the internet of money, but it is the money of the internet
• Re-building the internet archive on top of nostr
• Bitrot & 404
• Resurrection markets & marketplace for hashes via Blossom
• Hugs 🫂

@ f10512df:c9293bb3

Details

• 🍳 Cook time: 5-7 minutes
• 🍽️ Servings: 1

Ingredients

• 2 eggs
• Shredded cheese (Sharp cheddar is a favorite)
• 1 Tbsp olive oil or ghee

Directions

1. Add oil to a non-stick pan and allow it to get hot (med-high heat)
2. Add eggs and additional toppings, scramble and wait for the edges to get brown.
3. Add shredded cheese while edges are browning. It is best if cheese begins to melt before flipping.
4. Flip, and make sure all cheese stayed down, and there is enough oil left in the pan.
5. Keep checking until pan side of eggs lift easily. Done correctly, the cheese will form a crisp layer.
6. When fully cooked, serve with cheese right side up and enjoy!

@ 9bde4214:06ca052b

“It isn’t obvious that the world had to work this way. But somehow the universe smiles on encryption.”

hzrd149 & Gigi take a stroll along the shore of cryptographic identities.

This dialogue explores how cryptographic signatures fundamentally shift power dynamics in social networks, moving control from servers to key holders. We discuss the concept of "setting data free" through cryptographic verification, the evolving role of relays in the ecosystem, and the challenges of building trust in decentralized systems. We examine the tension between convenience and decentralization, particularly around features like private data and data synchronization. What are the philosophical foundations of building truly decentralized social networks? And how can small architectural decisions have profound implications for user autonomy and data sovereignty?

Movies mentioned:

• 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
• Soylent Green (1973)
• Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977)
• Johnny Mnemonic (1995)
• The Matrix (1999)

In this dialogue: - Hzrd's past conversations: Bowls With Buds 316 & 361 - Running into a water hose - Little difference, big effect - Signing data moves the power to the key holders - Self-signing data sets the data free - Relay specialization - Victor's Amethyst relay guide - Encryption and decryption is expensive - is it worth it? - The magic of nostr is that stuff follows you around - What should be shown? What should be hidden? - Don't lie to users. Never show outdated data. - Nostr is raw and immediate - How quickly you get used to things working - Legacy web always tries to sell you something - Lying, lag, frustration - How NoStrudel grew - NoStrudel notifications - Data visualization and dashboards - Building in public and discussing in public - Should we remove DMs? - Nostr as a substrate for lookups - Using nostr to exchange Signal or SimpleX credentials - How private is a group chat? - Is a 500-people group chat ever private? - Pragmatism vs the engineering mindset - The beauty and simplicity of nostr - Anti-patterns in nostr - Community servers and private relays - Will vibe coding fix (some of the) things? - Small specialized components VS frameworks - Technology vs chairs (and cars, and tractors, and books) - The problem of being greedy - Competitive silos VS synergistic cooperation - Making things easy vs barriers of entry - Value4value for music and other artists - Adding code vs removing code - Pablo's Roo setup and DVMCP - Platform permission slips vs cryptographic identities - Micropayments vs Subscription Hell - PayPerQ - Setting our user-generated data free - The GNU/Linux approach and how it beat Microsoft - Agents learning automatically thanks to snippets published on nostr - Taxi drivers, GPS, and outsourcing understanding - Wizards VS vibe coders - Age differences, Siri, and Dragon Naturally Speaking - LLMs as a human interface to call tools - Natural language vs math and computer language - Natural language has to be fuzzy, because the world is fuzzy - Language and concepts as compression - Hzrd watching The Matrix (1999) for the first time - Soylent Green, 2001, Close Encounters of the 3rd Kind, Johnny Mnemonic - Are there coincidences? - Why are LLMs rising at the same time that cryptography identities are rising? - "The universe smiles at encryption" - The universe does not smile upon closed silos - The cost of applying force from the outside - Perfect copies, locality, and the concept of "the original" - Perfect memory would be a curse, not a blessing - Organic forgetting VS centralized forgetting - Forgetting and dying needs to be effortless - (it wasn't for IPFS, and they also launched a shitcoin) - Bitcoin makes is cheap to figure out what to dismiss - Would you like to have a 2nd brain? - Trust and running LLMs locally - No need for API keys - Adjacent communities: local-first, makers and hackers, etc. - Removing the character limit was a mistake - Browsing mode vs reading mode - The genius of tweets and threads - Vibe-coding and rust-multiplatform - Global solutions vs local solutions - The long-term survivability of local-first - All servers will eventually go away. Your private key won't. - It's normal to pay your breakfast with sats now - Nostr is also a normal thing now, at least for us - Hzrd's bakery - "Send Gigi a DM that says GM" - and it just works - The user is still in control, thanks to Amber - We are lacking in nostr signing solutions - Alby's permission system as a step in the right direction - We have to get better at explaining that stuff - What we do, why we care, why we think it's important

@ 9bde4214:06ca052b

"What should the next iteration of the internet look like?"

Paul & Gigi pray for a better tomorrow.

Books mentioned:

• The Bible
• I, Pencil by Leonard E. Read
• Don't make me think! by Steve Krug
• The Sovereign Individual by James Dale Davidson and William Rees-Mogg

In this dialogue:

• Paul and his awesome nostr t-shirt
• Are we all just nostalgic?
• Where did the optimism of computing and the information superhighway go?
• We went from interop to pay-to-unlock.
• Do we have to live in the digital gulags forever?
• Homecooked meals and homecooked apps
• Paper straws and the downfall of Western Civilization
• "You need to be okay with people getting rekt"
• If the car would be introduced today, it would be illegal
• Bravery and personal responsibility
• "nostr will only be what diehards will build it to be"
• Bad teleology is built into the current (non-nostr) app landscape
• "You can get a lot of the upside without holding your own keys”
• “...but you can't get ALL of the upside!"
• Expressiveness and free speech online
• Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Assembly, and Financial Freedom in Cyberspace
• Self-publishing vs platform publishing
• Information calories. Can we count them?
• Don't make me think!
• Is not being forced to think part of the problem?
• Mutiny & bitcoin UX that's too easy
• Games and costly mistakes
• The early days: software distribution via print magazines
• Prompting allows you to define your own teleology
• Vibe coding and Cursor
• "The hard part is to figure out what you want."
• "What should the next iteration of the internet look like?"
• GenZ doesn't know shit about files and folders
• Why files are great
• Gigi's SyncThing & Standard Notes setup
• File-based apps like Smart AudioBook Player
• Reading apps like Pocket, Instapaper, and Readwise Reader
• Saving all the things & linking stuff together
• Clips of podcasts and videos, e.g. Fountain
• A Commonplace Book to cyberspace
• Creating a "Family Bible" app
• If you want to maximize profits in the attention economy, you have to get users addicted
• (Zaps potentially fix this, as you wouldn’t zap a car crash)
• Let computers do computer work, let humans be humans
• "The end is not being on the computer"
• Solo private / group private / public
• Liberal vs Conservative sentiment in social environments
• Whom to care about?
• Web of trust & our understanding of it
• Forgiveness, Trust, and Repeat Games
• Tit-for-tat and forgiving tit-for-tat
• Three strikes and you're out!
• "Choose your gulag" is the alternative to nostr
• 7-generation thinking
• 2140
• The Sovereign Individual is embedded in a social structure, always
• I, Pencil
• Jungle vs Civilization
• Fiat = because I said so (“Fiat Lux” - Let there be light)
• Do we need leaders in bitcoin?
• Peterson Fallacy / God vs Bitcoin
• Jesus early followers were the Followers of The Way
• Zaps are not payments
• Zaps are not "tips"
• Bitstein & Pierre: The Reorg
• Vervaeke: “Where do you go for wisdom?”
• Rough consensus and Pieter Wuille
• "There is no such thing as a leaderless system"
• Wisdom in cyberspace
• Can we build wise tools?
• Prompting the Bible, ChristGPT, and Bible Slop
• Gell-Mann amnesia effect
• Vervaekes AI argument: The Coming Thresholds and The Path We Must Take
• Where do new ideas come from?
• Sandwich prompting style (HLDD / LLDD)
• The Tale of John Henry
• Silicon Sages
• Conscience and The Muse
• Hypermedia and HyperNote
• Glassholes, Google Glasses, and wearable technology
• Prompting & Praying for An Internet Worth Having

@ f10512df:c9293bb3

Chef's notes

Use a tea bag to hold the spices. I like to fill it and drape it on the side of the pan so the flavors get in, and then toss it before serving. Easier than picking rosemary out of your teeth later.

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 20 minutes
• 🍳 Cook time: 1 hour 45 from scratch, 45 if using chicken stock
• 🍽️ Servings: 4

Ingredients

• 1 Cup Carrots (sliced)
• 1C celery (sliced)
• 2 cloves garlic
• 1 tsp dried thyme
• 1/2 tsp dried minced onion
• 2 Tbsp lemon juice (or more to taste)
• 1/2 Tbsp salt (to taste)
• 1 rotisserie chicken
• 2 tsp dried rosemary (or 1-2 sprigs fresh)
• 8 C water & additional 1-2 C later
• 10 oz pre-cooked noodles
• 1 tsp cracked pepper (to taste)

Directions

1. Remove chicken meat from bones and set aside. Do not discard skin. Put bones and skin in a large stock pot and add water. Let boil covered for one hour, and then remove bones and strain out any bits of skin from broth.
2. Add chopped vegetables, spices, and lemon juice to broth with up to 2 C. additional water to replace what might have boiled away. Simmer over low to medium heat (covered) for another half hour, stirring occasionally. Add in chicken meat. Taste test and add additional salt if needed.
3. When vegetables are cooked, add in noodles and stir for an additional 2-3 minutes until hot (uncovered), and enjoy.
4. If using store bought chicken stock, only simmer until vegetables are cooked (about half an hour).

@ d1667293:388e7004

In my book “Bitcoindollar The Dawn of American Hegemony in the Digital Era,” I challenge the prevailing narrative that de-dollarization is a distant or hypothetical threat. Rather, I present a body of evidence suggesting that we are already living in a world where de-dollarization is unfolding—not through bombastic proclamations or sudden abandonment of the dollar in trade—but through a quieter, more telling trend: the steady escape of emerging powers like China, Russia, India, and much of the Global South from US Treasuries as the global reserve asset.

Structural, Not Cyclical: The Causes Behind the Exodus

This transformation is not cyclical or temporary; it is structural. The root causes run deep and stem from decades of US foreign and monetary policy—specifically, the aggressive military posturing that has defined American global engagement, the weaponization of dollar-based financial systems, and the overuse of sanctions as instruments of coercion rather than diplomacy. The result has been a widespread erosion of trust in the US as a neutral monetary steward. Increasingly, large economies and trading blocs—such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), BRICS, and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)—are seeking alternatives. They are diversifying their reserves, entering bilateral currency agreements, stockpiling gold, and in some cases, launching central bank digital currencies (CBDCs).

The message is clear: the era of unquestioned dollar supremacy is over.

The Treasury Dilemma: Who Will Fund America’s Debt?

This structural shift raises a daunting question for American policymakers: who will buy US Treasuries in the future? For decades, the demand for Treasuries rested on the premise of dollar dominance. Global trade surpluses—especially from oil-exporting nations under the Petrodollar system—were recycled into US debt markets. This “exorbitant privilege” allowed the US to run persistent deficits, finance wars, and project power without facing the immediate fiscal consequences most nations would. But that privilege is now in peril.

The Bitcoindollar System: A Strategic Response

In my book, I argue that the United States still has one viable path forward—a path that does not require relinquishing its leadership role, but rather reimagining it for the digital era. I call this new paradigm the Bitcoindollar system. It is an evolutionary successor to the Petrodollar framework, and it hinges on embracing bitcoin as the global store of value and dollar denominated stablecoins to maintain the US dollar’s relevance in a multipolar world. Under the Bitcoindollar system, global capital flows are incentivized to enter dollar-denominated stablecoins such as USDC and USDT. These stablecoins can then be recycled into short-term US debt instruments like Treasury bills, creating a digital-era version of the Petrodollar recycling mechanism. At the heart of this system lies Bitcoin—not as a threat to the dollar, but as a global decentralized and uncensorable Store of Value (SOV) that drives capital into the broader dollar-denominated ecosystem. As Bitcoin grows in adoption and price, it draws global attention and capital toward stablecoins, which in turn creates natural demand for dollar-based instruments such as Treasuries. This system offers the United States a first-mover advantage. No other nation has the credibility, capital markets depth, or global network effects to replicate it—if, and only if, the dollar’s digital rails are perceived as trustworthy and politically neutral. Herein lies the great conundrum: trust cannot be mandated. It must be earned, particularly in a geopolitical climate where the United States continues to alienate both allies and adversaries alike.

Trump’s Paradox: Economic Nationalism vs Monetary Hegemony

The current Trump administration, despite its rhetoric on economic nationalism, continues along a path that exacerbates this alienation. By doubling down on tariffs, aggressive posturing toward China, and unconditional support for Israel’s supremacist regional ambitions, it perpetuates the same policies that catalyzed de-dollarization in the first place. Tariffs, in this context, are a distraction. The US trade deficit is not primarily the result of unfair trade practices by other countries—it is largely the result of the dollar's role as the global reserve currency. To sustain global demand for dollars, the US has had to export dollars—and therefore run trade deficits. The dollar’s dominance enabled vast capital inflows and supported America’s imperial military architecture, but this model is fundamentally incompatible with dreams of reshoring industry, reducing deficits, and limiting foreign entanglements. Furthermore, these policies undermine any future attempt to establish dollar stablecoins as trusted global instruments. Why would a nation park its savings in a dollar-based asset, however digitized, if it fears arbitrary sanctions or seizure at the stroke of a keyboard? Despite his aggressive posturing, Trump, like Zelensky and the EU before him, has no cards to play to force China or Russia to the table.

A Fork in the Road: Choose Multipolar Collaboration or Decline

Absent a disastrous military escalation—which will not prevent the fall of American unipolar hegemony—the US is left with ONLY ONE path forward: a deliberate, peaceful shift from military and imperial posturing toward a more collaborative, multipolar engagement with the world. This means treating allies, adversaries, and vassal states alike with respect and inclusion in a reimagined dollar-based system—one that is digital, decentralized, and incentivized by global participation. The Bitcoindollar system can serve as the financial infrastructure of this new era, but it demands that the United States rehabilitate its image as a trustworthy party. For the Trump administration to succeed in securing America’s future financial relevance, it must course-correct immediately. This includes ending the influence of the neo-conservative and Zionist hardliners who perpetuate conflict and distrust for their own interest, and embracing a vision of digital dollar diplomacy that builds bridges instead of burning them.

In conclusion, the Bitcoindollar is not just a financial mechanism—it is a strategic opportunity for the United States to retain leadership in the emerging multipolar order. The alternative is clear: a continued slide into irrelevance, fiscal instability, and geopolitical isolation or a mutually assured destruction through war.

The time to act boldly for President Trump is now.

bitcoin #bitcoindollar #stablecoin

@ 9bde4214:06ca052b

"We have the chance of building the next iteration of the internet, and hopefully, not repeat the mistakes of the past."

Pablo & Gigi start ugly.

In this dialogue:

• Why starting ugly and shipping early is hard
• The ugliest thing that Pablo ever shipped
• “Happiness is shipping”
• Make it real first, you can make it pretty later
• Getting into the habit of shipping
• Highlighter and the hang-up of shipping something big
• How nostr allows you to have cash flow from the get-go

• value4value for artists and devs

• What DHH & 37Signals got right

People and projects mentioned:

• fiatjaf
• DHH
• SuperTestnet
• nostr.build
• Highlighter
• Primal
• ProtonMail
• Hey

Further links:

• https://excellentjourney.net/2015/03/04/art-fear-the-ceramics-class-and-quantity-before-quality/
• https://world.hey.com/dhh/that-shipping-feeling-b7c8c565
• https://world.hey.com/dhh/i-was-wrong-we-need-crypto-587ccb03
• https://sovereignengineering.io/
• https://dergigi.com/2023/04/04/purple-text-orange-highlights/
• https://highlighter.com/
• https://njump.me/nosolutions@sovereignengineering.io

@ b04082ac:29b5c55b

Africa has long grappled with the “resource curse,” a paradox where nations rich in natural resources face economic stagnation, political instability, and reliance on foreign powers. The reason isn’t hard to pinpoint. For centuries, foreign entities have extracted immense wealth from African soil such as gold, oil, cobalt, and more, leaving behind weak institutions, crippling debt, and minimal infrastructure. Instead of fueling local growth and uplifting communities, Africa’s resources have powered the industrial and digital revolutions of others.

Now, this extractive pattern is resurfacing in new ways. Recent headlines paint a clear picture:

• Bill Gates and Jeff Bezos plan to invest $537 million in Africa to mine rare metals.

• A ‘terrifying’ crackdown on mining companies in Africa’s coup belt.

• Blackwater founder and Trump ally strikes mineral security deal with Congo.

• Biden’s last dash to Africa highlights the power of minerals.

As the world scrambles to secure minerals vital for green energy and artificial intelligence, Africa stands at a crossroads. It can remain a supplier of cheap raw materials or seize this moment to shape its economic destiny.

1. Diversifying Beyond Minerals

The global race for Africa’s resources centers on critical minerals like cobalt in the Congo, rare earths in Zambia, and nickel in Tanzania. Superpowers are jostling for control, but leaning too heavily on mineral exports is fraught with risks. Prices fluctuate wildly, extraction demands massive capital, profits often vanish overseas, and overreliance can fuel political instability by deepening inequality and sparking conflicts over resource control.

To truly escape the boom-and-bust cycles of commodity markets, countries must find alternative ways to monetize their natural advantages, particularly in areas that the rest of the world tends to overlook.

One promising avenue is to tap into the continent’s vast renewable energy sources such as hydro, solar, and geothermal, and convert them into something transformative: Bitcoin.

Bitcoin mining involves validating transactions and securing the Bitcoin network in exchange for new bitcoins and fees. At its heart, it’s an energy market. Wherever there’s surplus or stranded energy, mining can thrive. Africa’s renewable energy potential is enormous and largely untapped. Rather than waiting for foreign companies to swoop in, African governments could monetize their energy directly by mining Bitcoin themselves.

2. Bitcoin Mining for Monetary Independence

Many African nations are burdened by debt, much of it in foreign currencies like the U.S. dollar. Servicing these loans drains public funds and forces governments to prioritize external creditors over local needs.

Bitcoin mining offers a way to build reserves in a neutral, censorship-resistant asset. Unlike foreign aid or currencies, Bitcoin isn’t tied to political strings or inflationary policies of other nations. It’s a step toward financial self-reliance.

In the long run, Bitcoin’s scarcity could drive its value higher, helping countries reduce their reliance on dollar-dominated systems. Looking further ahead, African nations that participate meaningfully in the Bitcoin economy may also gain influence over blockspace, the limited space where Bitcoin transactions are recorded.

3. Stabilizing Energy Grids with Mining

In much of Africa, electricity is costly, unreliable, or nonexistent. Yet, the problem often stems from underused infrastructure. Power producers struggle to recover costs due to inconsistent demand, and grids falter when supply and demand don’t align.

Bitcoin mining can act as an economic “shock absorber” for energy providers. It creates a flexible buyer that adjusts to grid demands, soaking up excess power or scaling back when needed. By placing miners near energy sources, especially in remote areas, utilities can earn steady revenue to fund broader electrification.

Take Gridless in rural Kenya. By mining Bitcoin off-grid with small hydro units, they’ve stabilized local power, supported rural internet access, and lowered costs for nearby residents. This model works. To make a more meaningful impact, however, it needs national-scale adoption supported by clear government strategy.

4. Foreign Miners Are Already Here

The shift is already happening. In Ethiopia, foreign Bitcoin mining firms are signing deals to tap the country’s hydroelectric surplus. Similar moves are underway across the continent. This isn’t a distant possibility; it is already happening.

Miners chase the cheapest energy, and Africa boasts some of the world’s most affordable renewables. Mining will happen with or without local policies. The critical question is whether the benefits will stay in Africa or flow abroad, repeating history’s mistakes.

Foreign companies bring expertise and capital, but if they dominate, African nations risk becoming mere hosts to another extractive industry. Governments must act swiftly by launching national Bitcoin mining initiatives, forging public-private partnerships, and securing ownership of infrastructure to keep the value local.

Conclusion

Africa is at a turning point. The world craves its minerals, its energy, and increasingly, its role in shaping the future. But African nations can’t afford to sit on the sidelines. The next revolution must be led, not endured.

Bitcoin mining is not a silver bullet. It is a tool that, if used wisely, could help transform energy into economic power, build digital infrastructure, and break the cycle of debt and dependence.

Bitcoin miners are already arriving. The real question is whether African nations will take the lead and ensure that this industry builds lasting value at home, rather than repeating the patterns of the past.

@ 9a859fbc:8a9270f3

A story of art and inspiration

This image was generated by AI

That is...

I am artificial. I was created by two other humans (hi mum and dad 👋)

I am intelligent. I can perceive the world, experience it, learn to understand cause & effect, and make decisions.

To go perhaps deeper, cells, DNA and life itself are artifices of the fabric of reality.

I sat, in a pub in Bristol, a place where I rarely frequent. I sat with one housemate, who I rarely spent time with. I met his friends that day, only once, never we met again.

I got chatting with a lady there. I had some paper and pencils with me. My intention, for a couple of weeks, was to come up with a symbol to represent Deep Sea Frequencies, at that time still known as Psychedelic Jelly. We were a new collaboration.

She and I got chatting about art. About symbolic representation of concepts, feelings, ideas. We chatted about flow, about how there are different types of flow, different elemental conditions of flow. I doodled some shapes, and we noticed how fire, water and air all look similar due to their fluid natures. So we considered how to differentiate, distinguish them from one another.

I doodled some more, and we came up with swooshes, curls, crests and bubbles. These seemed to be distinguishing enough such that they were no longer reminiscent of fire or air. I doodled fire and air too, just in case, just to check.

Then we chatted about symmetry types, reflective, axes, rotational. About geometry, geometric containers. We both enjoy triangles and hexagons. (It's always hexagons!)

I doodled some more shapes and put them in hexagonal shapes. Then I tried bending them into triangular forms instead, and overlaid two triangles.

Each triangle looked like a triskelion. Perfect.

Overlaid, they looked just like the flow of water, coming up, spiralling down.

---

The logo was born in this moment, in this serendipitous meeting, in this unlikely chat with a total stranger. We met for the first time that day, and I'm not sure if we ever met again. This interaction was, is, precious, and it led to a particular creation that is now a core part of my life and is a highlight for many people around the UK and the world, as we put on events and released musicians' music.

This is inspiration. This is expression. This is flow, through the fluid nature of the cosmos.

This is what you miss out on when you talk into your AI LLM black hole prompt.

This is what you steal from when you demand your AI LLM to generate you something according to your whim.

Art and expression is the very foundation of human community. Join in! Try new things! Learn from each other! Bring us all closer together by interacting and creating through shared ideas, shared visions, shared wisdom!

---

After that, I drew it up cleanly, geometrically.

I photographed it like scanning it, carefully aligning the camera because I didn't have a scanner.

I redrew it more than twice.

I digitised it, colourised it, split it into two layers so I could apply colour & lighting effects to it.

I painstakingly traced the photograph into a vector format, to enlarge it and use it for various media.

I even more painstakingly (do we have a more extreme adverb??) divided all the vector shapes into new objects so that the layers became "real". And cleaned up the vector nodes, shaping them to my imagination.

The vector form is used all over our record label & events branding.

And then I imported the vector form into Blender, a 3D rendering application, free and open source.

I learnt Blender, day by day developing my understanding and my skills. Day by day my GPU crashing on raytracing and cutting the laptop's power out!

And finally, I learnt to make some simple renders that look like being underwater, like surreal glassy objects floating in the deep. I even learnt to animate it, although I haven't released that into the wild.

I imagined all of this stuff, and then I spent months over years developing my skills in my spare time in order to bring these imaginations to life.

You can do the same.

You have to sacrifice things.

Sacrifice your time.

Sacrifice your energy.

Sacrifice your distractions and enter yourself into the learning process and the creative process.

---

To you, amazing lady who helped me draw this symbol from the fabric of the Realm of Forms, thank you! I'm sorry that I don't recall your name, although actually I think I do remember but I would be embarrassed if I tagged the wrong person. Please reach out if you recognise this story! It was about 7, maybe 8 years ago, in the painted pub in St. Werburgh's.

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

How I wish I had time for this!

https://primal.net/e/nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqntcggz30qhq60ltqdx32zku9d46unhrkjtcv7fml7jx3dh4h94nqqsynzz85x8dcqnzxrzypec9xw6haxxjt0z0c547suty7gpa835v0vs2qusmr

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/953418

@ d1667293:388e7004

The motivation behind my newly published book Bitcoindollar the Dawn of American Hegemony in the Digital Era was simple: to answer some of the most pressing and overlooked questions about the future of money. My analysis starts by viewing Bitcoin not in isolation, but as a paradigm shift in the evolution of money—a foundational institution that underpins both economic and societal relationships, from individuals to nations.

---

Rethinking the Monetary Landscape

To understand Bitcoin's potential, we need to explore the landscape it seeks to disrupt:

• The dominance of nation-states.

• The role of the US fiat dollar as the global reserve currency.

• US debt as the reserve liability (pardon "asset") underpinning the fiat system.

• The influence of the banking cartel and the distorted incentives built into the fiat monetary structure—especially in the last 55 years, since the US elegantly defaulted on its promise to convert paper dollars into gold in 1971.

Bitcoin is a direct response to these imbalances, but its adoption will depend on how and who drives the transition.

---

Two Paths of Bitcoin Adoption: Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down

Bitcoin’s journey can take two distinct paths:

1. Bottom-Up Adoption

This is driven by grassroots use of Bitcoin as a currency, particularly in developing nations, often alongside dollar-denominated stablecoins like USDt.

2. Top-Down Adoption

This path sees Bitcoin increasingly used as a store of value (SOV) and financial asset, especially in developed economies. It is driven by institutions, wealth managers, and financial innovation.

It's clear that top-down adoption correlates with faster price appreciation, whereas bottom-up adoption is slower, more organic—and potentially more resilient in the long run.

---

Why the Top-Down Path Matters

A critical but often uncomfortable truth is: elites don’t give up power easily. The fiat system is held tightly by those benefiting most from its continuation.

Pareto’s Law teaches us that no historical revolution was purely bottom-up. Real change happens when a new elite emerges to replace the old one—carrying the masses along.

The advantages of top-down adoption:

• Speeds up the revolution.

• Allows coexistence between Bitcoin and fiat for a transitional period, avoiding violent disruption.

• Strengthens new power structures around Bitcoin as it becomes a more established SOV.

• Enables the U.S. to reinvent the dollar’s role through dollar-backed stablecoins and their recycling into US TBills, maintaining global dollar demand even post-Petrodollar.

---

A Warning for the United States

In my book, I argue that the #Bitcoindollar system gives the U.S. a first-mover advantage—but only if it changes course.

The U.S. must shift from a militaristic, imperialist approach to a cooperative, multipolar model that welcomes both allies and adversaries into this new system.

Unfortunately, the Trump administration appears headed in the opposite direction, risking this historic opportunity. I explore this further in an upcoming article expanding on my book’s conclusions.

---

Store of Value vs. Currency: Which Comes First?

Some critics lament that Bitcoin isn’t widely used as a currency yet. But ask yourself:

What is the world’s most urgent need in today’s monetary environment?

A medium of exchange? Or a store of value to protect savings from corrupt governments and inflation?

We already have more or less efficient payment systems. But we lack a sound store of value with key properties such as decentralization, censorship resistance and hard coded scarcity. That’s why the market is adopting Bitcoin primarily as a SOV.

Gresham’s Law gives us the formula:

Save the hard money (Bitcoin, gold), spend the USDt, USDC, and fiat.

---

Looking Ahead: From Store of Value to Currency

This doesn’t mean #bitcoin won’t be used as a currency eventually. Once it’s widely adopted as a store of value—perhaps within the next 10–20 years—its volatility will decrease, more people will price goods in bitcoin, and acceptance for payments will grow.

We will get there. Just not through the path many imagined at the beginning.

---

Call It What It Is: A Revolutionary Monetary Transition

Rather than a disruptive revolution, think of this as a revolutionary monetary transition—a new system growing alongside the old, until one inevitably replaces the other.

@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4

Cashu é Ecash para Bitcoin

Cashu é um sistema ecash Chaumian gratuito e de código aberto criado para Bitcoin. Cashu oferece privacidade quase perfeita para usuários de aplicativos Bitcoin de custódia. Ninguém precisa saber quem você é, quanto dinheiro você tem e com quem você faz transações.

O que é Cashu?

Cashu é um novo protocolo ecash para aplicativos de custódia Bitcoin que está totalmente integrado à rede Lightning. Um sistema Ecash consiste em duas partes, a carteira mint e a carteira ecash. Transações Ecash não rastreáveis, instantâneas e sem taxas. Cashu é construído para Bitcoin. As carteiras usam o nó Lightning da casa da moeda para fazer ou receber pagamentos em Bitcoin em troca de ecash. Uma casa da moeda Cashu não sabe quem você é, qual é o seu saldo ou com quem você está negociando.Os usuários de uma casa da moeda podem trocar ecash de forma privada, sem que ninguém saiba quem são as partes envolvidas. Os pagamentos em Bitcoin são executados sem que ninguém possa censurar usuários específicos.

A postagem de David Wagner em 1996 na lista de discussão Cypherpunk é a base da criptografia Cashu. Wagner descreve um sistema ecash usando troca de chave cega Diffie-Hellman em vez de RSA, na qual a implementação original de David Chaum foi baseada.

https://cypherpunks.venona.com/date/1996/03/msg01848.html

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecash

Como isso começou.

https://void.cat/d/2HJKtTEfuDxmDfh3uH9ZoS.webp https://void.cat/d/XyyHFSQYa5vEswzzt6MMq7.webp

Como vão as coisas.

https://void.cat/d/WUrKzsFDnsvUQdFKZChLeS.webp

Como funciona A Carteira Cashu é através de um esquema criptográfico chamado assinaturas cegas, descrito pela primeira vez pelo cypherpunk e criptógrafo David Chaum. Pense assim:você produz uma mensagem secreta e a envolve em um envelope feito de papel carbono que você envia para a casa da moeda. https://void.cat/d/SbEEHCiGFUHWvk4qGv9xCb.webp

A casa da moeda não pode ver o que está dentro do envelope. Ele assina do lado de fora dizendo "qualquer que seja esse segredo, vale 420 Satoshis”e o envia de volta para você. Como o envelope é realmente criptografado, somente você pode abri-lo e ver sua mensagem secreta (agora assinada por carbono). https://void.cat/d/Pakyb6ztW9B7L5ubAQ74eL.webp

Este segredo assinado é na verdade o seu token Ecash e vale Satoshis.

Você pode enviar e receber esses tokens para qualquer outra pessoa como quiser, seja com um mensageiro, via e-mail ou um pombo. A casa da moeda não sabe nada disso.

A anatomia de um token Cashu. https://void.cat/d/JzvxreMoCitmYe2FthAsei.webp

Um breve passo a passo de uma carteira cashu deixará tudo isso bem claro.

Comece abrindo

https://nutstash.app/

Pressione " WALLET " https://void.cat/d/VeCANsaxkkq9YtoPRS26ZK.webp https://void.cat/d/CTmK9GcPGn3i2gHCVXcL5r.webp https://void.cat/d/UWjyjGLS6MzyZvt6zkuUgG.webp https://void.cat/d/HzNtKanCSAJatrMa9yTKwF.webp

Pressione "+ ADD ".

Agora a carteira cashu está aberta… https://void.cat/d/GAYSrNxHEEhctoW37bFPjJ.webp

O próximo passo é deposite alguns sats com a Casa da moeda.

Pra depositar Pressione o botão "MINT". https://void.cat/d/LC5WEDKAzzZoHXxrKZDiWu.webp

Digite a quantidade de sats a ser depositado na carteira cashu depois Pressione " REQUEST MINT ". https://void.cat/d/Pr6foBWBBCq73i8WggbLGG.webp

Você Pode copiar a fatura ou ler o qrcode , no meu caso usei a carteira LNbits pra pagar a fatura de 10 sats , você tem 10 minutos pra pagar fatura. https://void.cat/d/BQerpEtW2H9ANaoW8truJE.webp https://void.cat/d/8PGFBRW64zavDnQJfYQh9C.webp

Agora pra enviar Ecash.

Pressione “SEND” https://void.cat/d/8rkF2dvhJeZWf8GeQhhf2d.webp

Digite 10 , Pressione “SEND” https://void.cat/d/5SK5w6ewgt8wikCuyk7znM.webp

Então o token Ecash usando a assinatura cega da casa da moeda foi criado. https://void.cat/d/PedBMcZPfczZLLymGmfzVq.webp

O Token Ecash foi criado é esse logo abaixo.

eyJwcm9vZnMiOlt7ImlkIjoiME5JM1RVQXMxU2Z5IiwiYW1vdW50IjoyLCJzZWNyZXQiOiJrWjNBOVorSXkyREJOcDdhdFhYRTIvclVXOFRnR2ZoTDgzWEFXZ0dKUXhVPSIsIkMiOiIwMmM0NjA4NDYwNDhjNzI1ZjgwMDc3M2IyNmRmOTcxNDU1MTJmOTI0YjgyNzYyZTllYzdkZjZjOTkzNGVmYjJhNmMifSx7ImlkIjoiME5JM1RVQXMxU2Z5IiwiYW1vdW50Ijo4LCJzZWNyZXQiOiJXdTZmdWlxNGt4Tkh3UkF1UzFhMmVYaGZtRnRHU2tRQkNYZFNnUzcreHkwPSIsIkMiOiIwMzFhYWI3MzY3MTJhY2Y5MWU4NzE4YmM5OTlmNWE2MGEwYzNjODQ5YTA1MWE2OTA5MzRkMTc4NWNmZGNkNDcyYTAifV0sIm1pbnRzIjpbeyJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczovL2xlZ2VuZC5sbmJpdHMuY29tL2Nhc2h1L2FwaS92MS80Z3I5WGNtejNYRWtVTndpQmlRR29DIiwiaWRzIjpbIjBOSTNUVUFzMVNmeSJdfV19

Se pressionar o botão " send as link "

Então criar link do token Ecash.

https://wallet.nutstash.app/#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 https://void.cat/d/U1UnyxsYgj516YbmkgQNkQ.webp Este token Ecash pode ser compartilhado como você quiser. Você pode enviá-lo por e-mail para alguém, enviá-lo em uma mensagem privada, um SMS ou convertê-lo em um código QR e imprimi-lo. Quem tiver este token pode resgatá-lo com o 10 sats.

Você verá que seu saldo caiu para 20 sats: https://void.cat/d/95AVkevmknKNzqRcnJZwQX.webp

Para resgatar um token Ecash sem o link, pressione o botão “Receive ” https://void.cat/d/UjrbAPn8mj5qGZYVQ1Ba2B.webp

cole-o token Ecash no campo

" token: "pressione "RECEIVE" https://void.cat/d/GZLcBgvHfaB3c5N66ygZyV.webp

Com o Link do token Ecash só pressionar no link vai abrir a tela já preencher automáticamente só pressionar " RECEIVE " https://void.cat/d/ARNkKCtchhFt4NCTkfRJRG.webp

Pra Ativa o Nostr na carteira vai na aba settings , pressione o botão ativa o Nostr. https://void.cat/d/MjoDA1dgueWUFABcQFDVRe.webp

Por padrão ficar ativo pra usar o " Use external Key (nos2x , outros) " Mas Nesse caso não vou usar vou desativar e vou ativa " Edit Nostr Keys " https://void.cat/d/BAA6eFkmK5f7BHzLwYLSGF.webp

Ao pressionar esse botão https://void.cat/d/VTNGVsLvwqfy3dWu4hhMSK.webp é gerar um novo par de chaves privadas e pública , assim podemos usar uma nova chave a cada pagamentos. Aumentando a privacidade no pagamentos.

A pois Ativa o Nostr na carteira , você pode enviar Sats / Ecash via Nostr.

Pressione " Send " https://void.cat/d/R2Svye4XPd2VdHfPxT1DzF.webp

Pressione " Send " https://void.cat/d/AwLeBBr2db2wrTHHUHwEPs.webp

Agora pode adicionar npud / hex / nip-05 pra enviar token. https://void.cat/d/VZR6BUXjG7pm3FDogrDvo4.webp

Pressione " SEND OVER NOSTR " pra enviar o token Ecash. https://void.cat/d/MWveqpmii5dqpioa5a3wVt.webp

Pra quem não tem a carteira nutstash , pode entra no seu cliente Nostr no meu caso e snort nostr , Demora algums minutos pra chegar mensagem com o token Ecash.. https://void.cat/d/MVg3fPD7PAzZUskGCCCcps.webp https://void.cat/d/YNtKuCbQYo1wef7pJcjhKy.webp

Ja se a outra pessoa usar carteira nutstash com a chave pública que você mandou chegar mais rápido. Essa bolinha azul no campo " Indox " Indica que você recebeu o pagamento já está pronto pra ser regastado. https://void.cat/d/So6FAp4wiTUeKBBmRBU2Rv.webp

Pressione "Indox " depois pressione a seta. https://void.cat/d/TqYNYDoyy9fUFas9NFxReJ.webp

Pressione " TRUS MINT " pra recebe os Token Ecash. https://void.cat/d/LP6zUTZ3HDPxd6fLvPPNXB.webp

O aplicativo de resgate Cashu, que permite resgatar tokens Ecash via Lightning.

https://redeem.cashu.me/ https://void.cat/d/Mw9kzDHr4A469EjFNoTHyB.webp

Cola o Token no campo " paste in your Cashu Ecash token.. " https://void.cat/d/SkA3MGJaGGxCjNnzeBhPHP.webp

Pressione " REDEEM " pra converter Ecash em Lightning. https://void.cat/d/693C1yfwYz3P3BQB6f7xXN.webp

Você pode editar e manda já pronto pra pessoa só basta a pessoa ou você aberta em " REDEEM " pra converter Ecash em Lightning.

https://redeem.cashu.me/?token=token ecash=&to=Lightning address

Exemplo:

https://redeem.cashu.me/?token=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&to=alexemidio@ln.tips

Obs: o teclado do celular pode adicionar "=" a mais ou corrigir " &to " com "&tô" assim escrevendo errado, tanto erro no link.

" SWAP " transferência de uma carteira para outra. Pressione " INTER-MINT SWAP" https://void.cat/d/PsCdoLAmYpYCChkgqTAE7p.webp

A carteira que você selecionar em cima é a carteira de saídas e a carteira de baixo e a carteira de entrada. https://void.cat/d/VKY6ts6qttJmCaefrduv4K.webp

Agora digita o valor que quer fazer o SWAP. Após Pressione " CONFIRM AMOUNT" https://void.cat/d/WuuQqeC1mSQUufb75eeMbw.webp

Depois Tem que pressionar " SWAP " não esqueça. https://void.cat/d/Eb2ajSaZfzZkBEWBv8tuk.webp

Pronto antes a primeira Carteira tinha 10 Ecash, e segunda carteira tinha 8 Ecash.

Somando 18 Ecash.

Apois o SWAP Agora as duas tem 9.

Somando 18. https://void.cat/d/8yRtSoFyih2D2KEm66h6in.webp

Fazer o backup da sua carteira cashu ecash. Pressione " BACKUP TOKENS " https://void.cat/d/26vtnDiVP4YpDiQmunatko.webp

Você pode editar o nome do backup E pode alterar o local aonde vai salva o arquivo 📂 do backup. Depois só pressionar " Baixar " https://void.cat/d/PQH94o81U23txdmyx3cHEn.webp

Agora pra recuperar a carteira cashu ecash. Pressione " RESTORE " https://void.cat/d/2vkLS1qUCbJ1XXjSLBou25.webp

Pressione " CONTINUAR " https://void.cat/d/PCbT2UPSLtwcZohwbhD85A.webp

Click no espaço em branco vai abrir pra encontrar o arquivo 📂 Do backup.. https://void.cat/d/P1VC7b46oNe62v4puVZ79b.webp

Selecionar o arquivo 📂 de backup. https://void.cat/d/D6FAGxYRquz2WWwNznSAzT.webp

Pressione " CONTINUE" https://void.cat/d/HicRn5e2feSRicgjy6kuC5.webp

Pressione " CONTINUE" https://void.cat/d/VP6uh8bXHz42PBGrPwGq5e.webp

Backup feito com sucesso. Só aberta " Ok " https://void.cat/d/QsZV1umL9DhoPtEXBMfPtY.webp

O eCash pode ser útil em diversas situações, oferecendo várias vantagens. Uma das principais vantagens do uso de tokens eCash é a privacidade que oferece. Como as transações usando eCash são quase impossíveis de rastrear, isso pode ser útil para quem deseja manter sua atividade financeira privada. O eCash pode ser especialmente útil para Pagamento de serviços em áreas rurais , pode ser difícil acessar serviços financeiros tradicionais, como bancos ou caixas eletrônicos. O uso de tokens eCash pode permitir que as pessoas paguem por serviços como transporte , serviços de saúde ou eletricidade sem a necessidade de viajar para áreas urbanas. No entanto, é importante lembrar que o uso do eCash ainda apresenta riscos e desafios. Como o eCash cashubtc ainda é bem novo , pode haver falhas de segurança ou outras vulnerabilidades que ainda não foram identificadas use com cautela poucos Sats.

Obrigado por ler, e espero que você dedique alguns minutos para experimentar o eCash e ver do que se trata melhor.

Alguma artigos e vídeos a baixo.

https://cashu.space/

https://docs.cashu.space/

https://github.com/cashubtc/

https://youtu.be/UNjVc-WYdgE

https://youtu.be/_XmQSpAhFN4

https://youtu.be/zdtRT7phXBo

https://maxmoney.substack.com/p/ecash-for-better-bitcoin-privacy?utm_source=substack&utm_campaign=post_embed&utm_medium=web

https://cypherpunks.venona.com/date/1996/03/msg01848.html

Encontre-me ou envie um zap para nostr alexemidio@ln.tips alexemidio@alexemidio.github.io

Twitter: alexemidio7

@ a39d19ec:3d88f61e

Die Debatte um Migration, Grenzsicherung und Abschiebungen wird in Deutschland meist emotional geführt. Wer fordert, dass illegale Einwanderer abgeschoben werden, sieht sich nicht selten dem Vorwurf des Rassismus ausgesetzt. Doch dieser Vorwurf ist nicht nur sachlich unbegründet, sondern verkehrt die Realität ins Gegenteil: Tatsächlich sind es gerade diejenigen, die hinter jeder Forderung nach Rechtssicherheit eine rassistische Motivation vermuten, die selbst in erster Linie nach Hautfarbe, Herkunft oder Nationalität urteilen.

Das Recht steht über Emotionen

Deutschland ist ein Rechtsstaat. Das bedeutet, dass Regeln nicht nach Bauchgefühl oder politischer Stimmungslage ausgelegt werden können, sondern auf klaren gesetzlichen Grundlagen beruhen müssen. Einer dieser Grundsätze ist in Artikel 16a des Grundgesetzes verankert. Dort heißt es:

„Auf Absatz 1 [Asylrecht] kann sich nicht berufen, wer aus einem Mitgliedstaat der Europäischen Gemeinschaften oder aus einem anderen Drittstaat einreist, in dem die Anwendung des Abkommens über die Rechtsstellung der Flüchtlinge und der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention sichergestellt ist.“

Das bedeutet, dass jeder, der über sichere Drittstaaten nach Deutschland einreist, keinen Anspruch auf Asyl hat. Wer dennoch bleibt, hält sich illegal im Land auf und unterliegt den geltenden Regelungen zur Rückführung. Die Forderung nach Abschiebungen ist daher nichts anderes als die Forderung nach der Einhaltung von Recht und Gesetz.

Die Umkehrung des Rassismusbegriffs

Wer einerseits behauptet, dass das deutsche Asyl- und Aufenthaltsrecht strikt durchgesetzt werden soll, und andererseits nicht nach Herkunft oder Hautfarbe unterscheidet, handelt wertneutral. Diejenigen jedoch, die in einer solchen Forderung nach Rechtsstaatlichkeit einen rassistischen Unterton sehen, projizieren ihre eigenen Denkmuster auf andere: Sie unterstellen, dass die Debatte ausschließlich entlang ethnischer, rassistischer oder nationaler Kriterien geführt wird – und genau das ist eine rassistische Denkweise.

Jemand, der illegale Einwanderung kritisiert, tut dies nicht, weil ihn die Herkunft der Menschen interessiert, sondern weil er den Rechtsstaat respektiert. Hingegen erkennt jemand, der hinter dieser Kritik Rassismus wittert, offenbar in erster Linie die „Rasse“ oder Herkunft der betreffenden Personen und reduziert sie darauf.

Finanzielle Belastung statt ideologischer Debatte

Neben der rechtlichen gibt es auch eine ökonomische Komponente. Der deutsche Wohlfahrtsstaat basiert auf einem Solidarprinzip: Die Bürger zahlen in das System ein, um sich gegenseitig in schwierigen Zeiten zu unterstützen. Dieser Wohlstand wurde über Generationen hinweg von denjenigen erarbeitet, die hier seit langem leben. Die Priorität liegt daher darauf, die vorhandenen Mittel zuerst unter denjenigen zu verteilen, die durch Steuern, Sozialabgaben und Arbeit zum Erhalt dieses Systems beitragen – nicht unter denen, die sich durch illegale Einreise und fehlende wirtschaftliche Eigenleistung in das System begeben.

Das ist keine ideologische Frage, sondern eine rein wirtschaftliche Abwägung. Ein Sozialsystem kann nur dann nachhaltig funktionieren, wenn es nicht unbegrenzt belastet wird. Würde Deutschland keine klaren Regeln zur Einwanderung und Abschiebung haben, würde dies unweigerlich zur Überlastung des Sozialstaates führen – mit negativen Konsequenzen für alle.

Sozialpatriotismus

Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt ist der Schutz der Arbeitsleistung jener Generationen, die Deutschland nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg mühsam wieder aufgebaut haben. Während oft betont wird, dass die Deutschen moralisch kein Erbe aus der Zeit vor 1945 beanspruchen dürfen – außer der Verantwortung für den Holocaust –, ist es umso bedeutsamer, das neue Erbe nach 1945 zu respektieren, das auf Fleiß, Disziplin und harter Arbeit beruht. Der Wiederaufbau war eine kollektive Leistung deutscher Menschen, deren Früchte nicht bedenkenlos verteilt werden dürfen, sondern vorrangig denjenigen zugutekommen sollten, die dieses Fundament mitgeschaffen oder es über Generationen mitgetragen haben.

Rechtstaatlichkeit ist nicht verhandelbar

Wer sich für eine konsequente Abschiebepraxis ausspricht, tut dies nicht aus rassistischen Motiven, sondern aus Respekt vor der Rechtsstaatlichkeit und den wirtschaftlichen Grundlagen des Landes. Der Vorwurf des Rassismus in diesem Kontext ist daher nicht nur falsch, sondern entlarvt eine selektive Wahrnehmung nach rassistischen Merkmalen bei denjenigen, die ihn erheben.

@ 54609048:8e22ba03

One of the greatest threats facing liberty lovers around the world today is the rise of the biomedical security state—the militarization of healthcare. COVID-19 was merely a compliance test, and sadly, most failed it dismally. But pay attention: “pandemic response,” war-gamed at elite gatherings like Davos, is steadily morphing into official health policy through backdoor mechanisms—diabolical agreements like the WHO Pandemic Treaty, which effectively transfers sovereign pandemic authority to Bill Gates via the WHO; the rollout of digital IDs; and the global push for central bank digital currencies (CBDCs).

This biomedical Leviathan requires all three pillars to be firmly in place before it can unleash a never-ending cycle of pandemics. The goal? To normalize draconian measures like those witnessed in 2020, thereby dismantling not only national sovereignty but, more dangerously, individual sovereignty. A digital ID won't merely confirm your identity—it will track your vaccination status, movements, and even your sentiments, all to determine what privileges you're allowed. Meanwhile, the CBDC will act not just as a means of transaction but as an enforcement mechanism—particularly for dissenters. This is why having an alternative like Bitcoin is not just relevant, but essential.

Vaccines are a cornerstone of this architecture—not only as instruments of control but also as tools for "redesigning" humanity. Welcome to the realm of transhumanism. The merger of man and machine through brain-computer interfaces and artificial intelligence is no longer science fiction; it's a stated goal. In this context, vaccines are not merely preventative medicine but potentially covert instruments of eugenics. This could explain the near-religious devotion to these pharmaceutical products—despite their increasingly controversial outcomes and questionable safety record—especially when mandates enter the equation.

The first piece of property any individual owns upon birth is their body. And yet, this sacred ownership is violated at birth when governments mandate certain injections—often administered without informed parental consent. I've often wondered: Why, despite mounting evidence to the contrary, is vaccine efficacy treated as “settled science”? Why is it taboo to question vaccines or hold their manufacturers accountable for harm, even as we’re expected to believe—without scrutiny—that they are “safe and effective”? We’re told our refusal to comply endangers everyone else who took a product supposedly designed to protect them. Strange, isn’t it? If it’s so effective, why must everyone take it simultaneously?

If you're wondering where this seemingly off-the-cuff rant is headed, here's the point: when the state mandates vaccines, it violates your property rights over your own body. It’s a direct claim of ownership over you, dressed up in moral language like “we're all in this together.” You're guilt-tripped into compliance under the pretense of saving “grandma.” But the truth is, if your rights can be suspended for the collective, they were never yours to begin with.

The biomedical security state will manufacture a permanent state of emergency under the guise of “pandemic preparedness.” You’ll be expected—required, even—to inject yourself with the latest mRNA-based bioweapon, all in the name of public health. Some will die. Others will become incapacitated—zombies or vegetables. The altar of compliance will be merciless towards those that bow before it.

Public health agencies like the CDC, WHO, and NIH are on track to become as powerful as central banks. In fact, they may soon act as arms of monetary policy enforcement. Don’t believe it? Look into what was happening in the repo markets in September 2019—just months before the global shutdown. While you're at it, investigate how many elderly pensioners quietly dropped dead like flies between 2021 and 2023, either from the virus or the vaccine. I’ll let the numbers speak for themselves.

These agencies are becoming the new face of the war machine. Vaccines will be marketed as shields against biological threats—“benevolent” weapons to protect us from invisible enemies. And if history is any guide, the next “9/11-style” event will be biological in nature.

The lunatics running the asylum will seize any such crisis to strip away more of your freedoms while simultaneously redesigning the global economy—consolidating even more power in their hands. For a blueprint of this ambition, look no further than Klaus Schwab’s COVID-19: The Great Reset.

The only antidote is a decentralized parallel system of medicine—one that stands entirely outside the Big Pharma cartel. This will require not only a network of courageous healthcare providers but also a new generation of researchers willing to ask uncomfortable questions and challenge sacred cows in the pursuit of truth. Add independent scientific journals to the mix, and we can finally dismantle the machinery that suppresses unprofitable—but potentially life-saving—treatments.

In my view, none of this is viable at scale without decentralized money. Enter Bitcoin. It’s not a panacea, but it’s a crucial tool for realigning incentives. Bitcoin renders CBDCs dead on arrival and undermines the foundation of any future social credit system—where vaccine compliance will be its crown jewel.

The biomedical state is not coming—it’s already here, creeping into every corner of our lives. It will be the scepter of a new technocratic tyranny. So beware the white coats who worship the state. They are not here to heal—they are here to rule.

A more polished series of articles on this topic is forthcoming. Stay tuned.

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

In the twilight of forgotten eras, where the whispers of the past wove through the air like a ghostly melody, two shadowy figures emerged beneath an ageless sky. She was Eve, not the emblem of gardens, but the Mitochondrial Eve—her essence pulsing within the very mitochondria that spark life in each human heartbeat. He stood before her as Adam, not forged from soil, but the Y-Chromosome Adam—guardian of a singular lineage, his heritage dancing through the veins of sons alone.

Their encounter was not one of flesh and blood, but a meeting of symbols, sparked by the insatiable curiosity of humanity, prowling through the labyrinth of DNA, seeking to uncover the tales of their primordial roots.

In the ethereal glimmer of a timeless pool, two figures stood, their outlines rippling like whispered secrets. They were neither lovers nor allies, nor of the same age, yet their names danced together in every headline and wisdom-filled book.

Today, however, was different—they had gathered at the brink of the infinite to unravel the threads of their intertwined destinies.

As the twilight draped its ethereal cloak over the meadow, Eve let her fingers dance through the glimmering starlight, weaving dreams from its luminous threads.
“You know,” she mused, her voice a whisper carried by the evening breeze, “they often ponder why fate kept us apart. Why our paths never crossed beneath the same sun.”

Adam’s lips curled into a wry smile, his eyes reflecting the cosmos above.
“Perhaps they seek a narrative that is neat and orderly, a story with perfect symmetry,” he replied, the gentle rustle of leaves echoing his words.

Eve shook her head softly, her gaze fixed on the swirling constellations.
“Ah, but nature, dear Adam,” she countered with a glimmer of mischief, “is a master of chaos. It delights in the untamed, the beautiful mess of existence.”

In the grand tapestry of time, two figures emerged from the mists of ancient Africa:
Mitochondrial Eve, a woman of vibrant spirit, who roamed the earth around 150,000 to 200,000 years ago, and
Y-Chromosome Adam, a man of strength and wisdom, appearing some 60,000 to 100,000 years later.

Though separated by a chasm of tens of thousands of years, they were not the sole beings of their era, yet in the intricate web of life, they were the most recent ancestors, bearers of unbroken trails of maternal and paternal lines, from which all humanity flows.

Their stories intertwine, echoing through generations, whispers of a time long past.

In a hushed tone, Eve shared the tale of her lineage, weaving a rich tapestry of time.
“Behold my daughters,” she said, her eyes gleaming with pride. “From them sprang another generation, and those daughters too have borne daughters.

This precious thread of life, my mitochondrial DNA, weaves through the tapestry, handed down solely by women.
With each passing age, while many lines faded into shadows—some in mere moments, others enduring for centuries—mine flowed on, a river of continuity and strength.
My legacy, a steadfast whisper across generations, defied the silence of so many others.”

In a dimly lit room, Adam pondered the weight of generations past.
“And what of mine?” he inquired, his voice tinged with a mix of curiosity and melancholy.

He shook his head slowly, as if unraveling a forgotten tale.
“The Y-chromosome, it weaves a delicate thread through the tapestry of life.
Passed from fathers to sons, a fleeting whisper of legacy, vanishing if a man begets no heirs.

Like branches of a grand oak, countless lines have been severed by the cruel hands of war, the relentless march of disease, and the silent grasp of chance.
Mine is not the sole survivor in this timeless struggle, but it is the one that defied extinction—standing resilient against the bottleneck of time, thriving into the present day, a testament to tenacity and fate.”

Their inheritance patterns are straightforward but ruthless.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is stable and abundant, making it a powerful marker for tracing maternal lineage.
It mutates slowly, preserving a clear path backward.

In contrast, the Y-chromosome, despite its utility in tracing paternal lines, is subject to greater volatility: smaller effective population sizes, male-specific extinction events, and the disproportionate reproductive success of a few males—all contribute to a narrower, more chaotic record.

In a dimly lit chamber nestled among ancient trees, Eve’s voice resonated with the wisdom of ages.
“The numbers are not our destiny,” she declared, her finger tracing a pattern in the soil.
“They are mere echoes of survival, tales of those who dared to pass their legacy—a lineage of children begetting children, weaving a tapestry of existence.”

Adam stood by, thoughtful as a storm brewing on a distant horizon.
“Indeed, lineages dissolve like whispers in the wind,” he mused, his gaze fixed on the moonlight filtering through the leaves.
“Some genetic threads endure not from superiority, but sheer fortune. Bottlenecks of fate, the whims of founders, the swirling dance of genetic drift—these unseen forces hold the key to who emerges amidst the chaos of time.”

Together, they pondered the intricate dance of life, where luck and survival intertwined, crafting the very fabric of their world.

Eve paused, her voice a whisper woven with time.
“And so it is,” she mused, “the humans trace their lineage back to me, painting me as the primordial bloom of existence.

Yet, shadows linger—my cousins, neighbors, even rivals shared this space, vibrant as I, yet their stories faded like whispers in the wind.

They bore no daughters to carry forth their tales, only their echoes lingered, lost in the tapestry of forgotten history…”

In the shadow of an ancient, pulsing tree that mirrored their very essence, Adam mused aloud,
“I came along far down the line, but not right at the start.
I am but one among countless men, and in the end, only my Y-line remained, a solitary thread in the tapestry of time.
Your lineage, however, stretches across continents, vibrant and thriving.”

They stood quietly, lost in the vast glow of humanity’s fractal branches, each flicker representing a birth, a connection, a glimmer of possibility.

“Isn’t it amusing?” Adam chuckled, breaking the reverie.
“They pair us as if we were a couple, forever intertwined.”

Eve’s laughter echoed like sweet music.
“Merely symbols, nothing deeper. We are called ancestors, yet we are merely the fortunate survivors of an exquisite genetic lottery.”

Adam continued,
“And yet, the very essence of your spark resides in every human’s mitochondria, while half of them carry my signature in their Y chromosome.”

Eve’s voice was soft as she spoke, weaving a tapestry of understanding.
“Ah, but dear friend, ancestry is far more than mere lineage.
It’s like tracing the delicate threads of a grand tapestry, where some strands are visible, yet countless others lie hidden in the shadows of time.

Each soul walking upon this earth is a descendant of a multitude of individuals from ages long past.
Their names may fade like whispers in the wind, and their unique genes become mere echoes of history.
Yet, amidst this beautiful chaos, the patterns of our heritage forever linger, binding us in an unseen embrace of shared existence.”

As Adam stood beneath the shimmering canopy of stars, he pondered aloud,
“Maybe the tale isn’t solely ours. It’s about the delicate yet unwavering dance of life itself.”

Eve, her eyes reflecting the celestial lights, agreed with a subtle nod.
“Indeed, for no single thread can unveil the entirety of the narrative.
One must gaze upon the grand tapestry woven through time.”

They dimmed away, not with finality, but like starlight traversing the vastness of the cosmos—whispers that remind us history bends and weaves, a spider’s web of fate, woven with threads of fortune, affection, and heartache, where beams of hope dance through the dark.

Within each of us, they linger still, a harmonious symphony resonating with the voices of billions, echoing through time.

---

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Nestled in Lower Saxony’s East Frisia region, Leer is a charming canal town known for its historic tea culture, maritime heritage, and postcard-worthy Altstadt (Old Town). With colorful gabled houses, cobbled streets, and a relaxed pace, Leer offers a taste of northern Germany’s quiet beauty—without the crowds.

🏘️ Things to See & Do in Leer

🚶‍♂️ Altstadt (Old Town)

• Stroll through narrow lanes lined with 17th and 18th-century houses
• Highlights include Waageplatz, the Reformed Church, and Evenburg Castle
• Perfect for a slow wander, especially during golden hour

🛶 Canal Walks & Harbor

• Take a peaceful walk along the Leda and Ems rivers
• Watch boats pass through the small port and historic trading canals
• In summer, you can even book a scenic canal cruise

🍵 East Frisian Tea Culture

• Leer is considered the tea capital of Germany
• Visit the Bünting Teemuseum to learn about the centuries-old tea tradition
• Don’t miss a tea session with rock sugar and cream—served the traditional East Frisian way

🌳 Nature Nearby

• Cycle or walk through the flat green landscapes of East Frisia
• Great routes along rivers and meadows, with plenty of windmills and grazing sheep
• A short drive takes you to the Wadden Sea, a UNESCO site and tidal wonder

🍽️ Local Eats

• Sample Matjes (pickled herring), smoked fish, and hearty stews
• East Frisian cakes pair beautifully with black tea
• Cozy inns and riverside cafés make for a warm, welcoming meal

🚆 Getting There

• Easily accessible by train from Bremen or Emden
• Compact and walkable—no car needed in the town center

Leer is a peaceful, picturesque retreat where canals, culture, and comfort flow together. Whether you're cycling through the countryside or sipping tea by the harbor, it’s a place to unwind and soak up the slow life.

@ 70c48e4b:00ce3ccb

Hello reader,

I can say from personal experience that crowdfunding has truly changed my life. I found people who believed in my dream of using Bitcoin as money. Every single one of my videos was made possible through crowdfunding. And I’m not alone. I know several Bitcoiners who have raised funds this way, from Africa to Korea to Haiti.

https://images.forbesindia.com/media/images/2022/Jul/img_190501_runwithbitcoin_bg.jpg

Crowdfunding is deeply rooted in the traditional financial world. From raising money for life-saving surgeries to helping someone open a local coffee shop, platforms like GoFundMe, Kickstarter, and Indiegogo have become essential tools for many. But behind all the heartwarming stories and viral campaigns, there’s a side of crowdfunding that doesn’t get talked about enough. Traditional platforms are far from perfect.

They are centralized, which means there’s always someone in control. These platforms can freeze campaigns, delay payouts, or take a significant cut of the money. And often, the people who need funding the most, those without access to strong banking systems or large social media followings are the ones who get left out.

Here are some of the problems I’ve noticed with these platforms:

Problem 1: Inequality in Who Gets Funded

A recent article in The Guardian pointed out something that’s hard to ignore. Crowdfunding often benefits people who already have influence. After the Los Angeles wildfires in January 2025, celebrities like Mandy Moore were able to raise funds quickly. At the same time, everyday people who lost their homes struggled to get noticed.

https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f8398505e58ec3c04685aab06e94048e5d7b6a0c/0_127_4800_2880/master/4800.jpg?width=1300&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none

Angor (https://angor.io/) changes that by removing the need for a central platform to choose which projects get featured or promoted. Anyone can share their project. People can find them on Angor Hub (https://hub.angor.io/), which is a public directory built on the Nostr protocol. Instead of relying on popularity, projects are highlighted based on transparency and engagement.

Problem 2: Platform Dependence and Middlemen

Here’s something people don’t often realize. When you raise funds online, the platform usually has control. It holds the money, decides when to release it, and can freeze everything without warning. This happened during the trucker protests in Canada in 2022. Tens of millions of dollars were raised, but platforms like GoFundMe and GiveSendGo froze the donations. The funds never reached the people they were meant for. Supporters were left confused, and the recipients had no way to access what had been raised for them.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Convoi_de_la_libert%C3%A9_%C3%A0_Ottawa_01.jpg/800px-Convoi_de_la_libert%C3%A9_%C3%A0_Ottawa_01.jpg

Angor avoids all of this. It does not hold the funds, does not require approval processes, and only the project creator has control over the campaign. Contributions go directly from supporters to the people building the project, using Bitcoin. It is a peer-to-peer system that works without any gatekeepers. Angor never touches the money. It simply provides the tools people need to raise funds and build, while staying fully in control.

Problem 3: Global Access

Another major issue is that these platforms often exclude people based on where they live. If you're in a region with limited banking access or outside the supported list of countries, you’re likely shut out. In 2023, a woman named Samar in Gaza tried to raise funds for food and medical supplies during a crisis. A friend abroad set up a campaign to help, but the platform froze it due to "location-related concerns." The funds were locked, and the support never arrived in time.

https://images.gofundme.com/EMFtPWSLs3P9SewkzwZ4FtaBQSA=/720x405/https://d2g8igdw686xgo.cloudfront.net/78478731_1709065237698709_r.jpeg

Angor removes these barriers by using Bitcoin, which works globally without needing banks or approvals. Anyone, anywhere, can raise and receive support directly.

Problem 4: Lack of Transparency

Post-funding transparency is often lacking. Backers rarely get consistent updates, making it difficult to track a project's progress or hold anyone accountable.

In 2015, the Zano drone project on Kickstarter raised over £2.3 million from more than 12,000 backers. It promised a compact, smart drone for aerial photography. But as time went on, updates became rare and vague. Backers had little insight into the project’s struggles, and eventually, it was canceled. The company shut down, and most backers never received their product or a refund.

https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/2A0A/production/_86626701_ff861eeb-ce94-43b7-9a43-b30b5adbd7ab.jpg

Angor takes a different approach. Project updates are shared through Nostr, a decentralized and tamper-proof communication protocol. This allows backers to follow progress in real time, with no corporate filters and no blackout periods. Everyone stays in the loop, from start to finish.

Problem 5: Fraud and Accountability

Scams are a growing problem in the crowdfunding world. People can launch fake campaigns, collect donations, and vanish — leaving supporters with empty promises and no way to recover their money. One well-known example was the "Homeless Vet GoFundMe scam" in the U.S.

https://a57.foxnews.com/static.foxnews.com/foxnews.com/content/uploads/2018/09/720/405/1536549443584.jpg

A couple and a homeless man raised over $400,000 by telling a heartwarming story that later turned out to be completely fake. The money was spent on luxury items, and it took a legal investigation to uncover the truth. By the time it was resolved, most of the funds were gone.

This kind of fraud is hard to stop on traditional platforms, because once the funds are transferred, there’s no built-in structure to verify how they’re used.

On Angor, projects are funded in stages, with each step tied to a specific milestone. Bitcoin is held in a shared wallet that only unlocks funds when both the backer and the creator agree that the milestone is complete. If something feels off, backers can choose to stop and recover unspent funds.

This structure discourages scammers from even trying. It adds friction for bad actors, while still giving honest creators the freedom to build trust, deliver value, and raise support transparently. It can’t get any better than this

So, does Angor matter?

For me, it really does. I’m genuinely excited to have my project listed on Angorhub. In a world shaped by AI, open source and transparency light the way forward. Let the work shine on its own.

Have you tried Angor yet? Thanks for tuning in. Catch you next week. Ciao!

Guest blog: Paco nostr:npub1v67clmf4jrezn8hsz28434nc0y5fu65e5esws04djnl2kasxl5tskjmjjk

References:

• The Guardian, 2025: Crowdfunding after LA fires and inequality - https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jan/17/la-fires-gofundme-mandy-moore
• https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/15/johnny-bobbitt-gofundme-scam-arrest-viral-gas-story-couple-charged
• FundsforNGOs: The Success Story of an NGO That Scaled with Limited Resources

https://www2.fundsforngos.org/articles/the-success-story-of-an-ngo-that-scaled-with-limited-resources/ • https://www.freightwaves.com/news/gofundme-freezes-37m-until-organizers-of-canada-trucker-convoy-detail-spending-plan

@ d360efec:14907b5f

ความทรงจำเรานั้นเชื่อได้แน่หรือ ?

"เพราะจิตเราเกิดดับทุกเสี้ยววินาที ทุกความทรงจำจึงสร้างขึ้นมาใหม่เสมอ ดังนั้นมันก็ไม่เหมือนต้นฉบับเป็นธรรมดา แต่ยังคงเค้าโครงเดิมอยู่ ความเปลี่ยนแปลงจึงเป็นนิรันดร์ค่ะ" - Lina Engword

เรามักจะคิดว่าความทรงจำของเราคือการบันทึกเหตุการณ์ในอดีตไว้อย่างแม่นยำ เหมือนการดูวิดีโอ 📼 หรือเปิดไฟล์คอมพิวเตอร์ 💾 แต่ในความเป็นจริงแล้ว แนวคิดนี้อาจไม่ใช่ภาพที่สมบูรณ์ บทความที่เรานำมาวิเคราะห์นี้ได้นำเสนอข้อคิดที่น่าสนใจเกี่ยวกับธรรมชาติของความทรงจำมนุษย์ ความน่าเชื่อถือของมัน และเชื่อมโยงไปถึงความจำเป็นในการฝึกฝนจิตตามหลักพุทธศาสนาเพื่อเข้าถึงความจริงที่เที่ยงแท้ 🧘‍♀️🔍

ความทรงจำไม่ใช่การบันทึก แต่เป็นการสร้างใหม่ 🏗️🧩

ประเด็นสำคัญที่บทความชี้ให้เห็นคือ ความทรงจำของมนุษย์ไม่ได้ทำงานเหมือนการ "บันทึก" เหตุการณ์ไว้ตายตัว 📼❌ แต่เปรียบเสมือน "ชิ้นส่วนของโค้ด" 💻 ที่จะถูก "สร้างขึ้นใหม่" 🏗️ ทุกครั้งที่เราพยายามระลึกถึง นั่นหมายความว่า ทุกครั้งที่เราดึงความทรงจำเก่าๆ กลับมา มันไม่ใช่การเปิดไฟล์เดิมซ้ำๆ แต่เป็นการประกอบชิ้นส่วนเหล่านั้นขึ้นมาใหม่ในห้วงเวลานั้นๆ กระบวนการนี้เองที่เปิดโอกาสให้เกิดการ "เติมเต็ม" ✨ หรือ "แก้ไข" ✏️ ข้อมูลในความทรงจำอยู่เสมอ ทำให้ความทรงจำที่เราเพิ่งนึกถึงอาจไม่เหมือนกับความทรงจำครั้งก่อนหน้าเสียทีเดียว 🔄

การปรุงแต่งด้วยเหตุผลและความคุ้นเคย 🤔➕🏠

สิ่งที่น่าสนใจอย่างยิ่งคือ ในกระบวนการ "สร้างใหม่" หรือ "ประกอบ" ความทรงจำขึ้นมานี้ มนุษย์มักจะเติม "เหตุผล"💡 หรือใส่สิ่งที่ตนเอง "คุ้นเคย" 🏠 ลงไปในเรื่องราวที่ระลึกได้เสมอ แม้ว่าสิ่งเหล่านั้นอาจจะไม่ได้เกิดขึ้นจริงหรือไม่เกี่ยวข้องโดยตรงกับเหตุการณ์นั้นๆ ก็ตาม ยกตัวอย่างเช่น เมื่อเราเล่าเรื่องในอดีต เรามักจะอธิบายว่าทำไมเราถึงทำสิ่งนั้น หรือทำไมเหตุการณ์นี้ถึงเกิดขึ้น โดยใส่เหตุผลที่เราคิดว่าสมเหตุสมผลในปัจจุบันลงไป สิ่งนี้ทำให้เรื่องราวในความทรงจำของเราดูมีความเชื่อมโยงและฟังดู "จริง" ✅ มากขึ้นในสายตาของเราเอง

เมื่อเราใส่เหตุผลหรือรายละเอียดที่คุ้นเคยลงไปในความทรงจำบ่อยครั้งเข้า มันก็จะยิ่งทำให้เรา "เชื่อ" 👍 โดยสนิทใจว่าสิ่งที่เราระลึกได้นั้นคือความจริงทั้งหมด ทั้งที่ความเป็นจริงของเหตุการณ์ดั้งเดิมอาจแตกต่างออกไป 🤥 นี่คือสาเหตุว่าทำไมคนสองคนจึงอาจมีความทรงจำเกี่ยวกับเหตุการณ์เดียวกันที่แตกต่างกันอย่างสิ้นเชิง ซึ่งปรากฏการณ์นี้สามารถอธิบายได้ดีด้วยตัวอย่างคลาสสิกในภาพยนตร์เรื่อง "ราโชมอน" (Rashomon) 🎬 ที่นำเสนอเหตุการณ์เดียวผ่านมุมมองและความทรงจำของตัวละครที่ขัดแย้งกันอย่างสิ้นเชิง แต่ทุกคนต่างเชื่อในสิ่งที่ตนเองจำได้ว่าเป็นความจริง 🤔❓

เครื่องมือและกระบวนการช่วยตรวจสอบความจริง 📱📹📝🔍

จากข้อจำกัดโดยธรรมชาติของความทรงจำนี้เอง ทำให้เห็นว่าเราไม่สามารถพึ่งพาสิ่งที่ 'จำได้' เพียงอย่างเดียวได้หากต้องการเข้าถึงความจริงที่เที่ยงแท้ เราจึงจำเป็นต้องมี 'กระบวนการตรวจสอบ' 🤔🔍 มาช่วยยืนยันหรือแก้ไขข้อมูลในความทรงจำ

ในยุคปัจจุบัน เรามีเครื่องมือภายนอกมากมายที่ช่วยในกระบวนการนี้ เช่น กล้องจากสมาร์ทโฟน 📱 หรือกล้องวงจรปิด 📹 ที่บันทึกเหตุการณ์ต่างๆ ไว้ได้อย่างเป็นกลาง ทำให้เรามี 'หลักฐาน' 📄 ที่เป็นรูปธรรมไว้อ้างอิงเพื่อเปรียบเทียบกับความทรงจำส่วนตัว ซึ่งบ่อยครั้งสิ่งที่กล้องเห็นนั้น 'ตรงกับความจริง' ✅ ในมุมมองที่ปราศจากอคติมากกว่าสิ่งที่ใจเราจำได้ การจดบันทึกด้วยเสียง 🎤 หรือการจดบันทึกเป็นลายลักษณ์อักษร 📝 ในทันที ก็เป็นอีกวิธีหนึ่งที่ช่วย 'ตรึง' ข้อมูลเบื้องต้นไว้ได้ระดับหนึ่งเช่นกัน ✍️

นอกจากเครื่องมือภายนอกแล้ว 'กระบวนการตรวจสอบเชิงจิตวิทยา' 🤔🧠 ที่เป็นระบบ ก็สามารถช่วยให้มนุษย์ค้นพบความจริงได้เช่นกัน ไม่ว่าจะเป็นกระบวนการซักถามในเชิงนิติวิทยาศาสตร์ 👮‍♀️ หรือแม้กระทั่งการฝึกฝนจิตเพื่อให้สามารถสังเกตการณ์ทำงานของตนเองได้อย่างละเอียดลึกซึ้ง ซึ่งนำเราไปสู่แนวคิดตามหลักพุทธศาสนา...

ทำไมพุทธศาสนาจึงสอนไม่ให้เชื่อแม้เป็นความคิดตัวเอง? 🙏🧠❌

จากธรรมชาติของความทรงจำและกระบวนการปรุงแต่งของจิตใจที่อธิบายมานี้เอง ทำให้เราเห็นความเชื่อมโยงกับหลักคำสอนในพุทธศาสนา 🙏 ที่เน้นย้ำให้เรา "ไม่เชื่อแม้แต่ความคิดตัวเอง" 🧠❌ อย่างปราศจากการพิจารณา เพราะความคิด อารมณ์ ความทรงจำ หรือแม้แต่ความรู้สึกมั่นใจอย่างแรงกล้าที่เรามีนั้น อาจถูกสร้างขึ้นหรือปรุงแต่งโดยกลไกของจิตใจที่ไม่ได้สะท้อนความจริงทั้งหมด 🤥

พุทธศาสนาชี้ให้เห็นว่า การจะเข้าถึงความจริงที่แท้จริงได้นั้น 🔍 จำเป็นต้องมีกระบวนการตรวจสอบภายในจิตใจ เปรียบเสมือนการสร้าง "อัลกอริทึม" 🤖 เพื่อตรวจทานว่าสิ่งที่เราคิดหรือจำได้นั้นเป็นความจริงหรือไม่ ✅❌ การจะทำเช่นนี้ได้ ไม่ใช่เรื่องง่าย และต้องอาศัยการฝึกฝนจิตอย่าง "สมาธิอย่างมาก" 🧘‍♂️🧘‍♀️ เพื่อให้จิตมีความตั้งมั่น เป็นระบบ และสามารถ "เห็นการดำเนินไปของจิตได้อย่างเป็นระบบ" 👀🔬 เห็นว่าจิตปรุงแต่งความทรงจำอย่างไร เห็นว่าเหตุผลที่เราใส่เข้าไปนั้นจริงหรือไม่ เป็นเพียงการตีความ หรือเป็นเพียงสิ่งที่ใจเราอยากให้เป็น

บทความยังกล่าวเสริมว่า ความทรงจำที่ "สด" ✨ หรือใกล้เคียงกับเวลาที่เกิดเหตุการณ์นั้นมักจะมีความน่าเชื่อถือมากกว่า 👍 แม้จะดู "ดิบๆ" หรือไม่ผ่านการปรุงแต่งมากนัก ซึ่งสอดคล้องกับแนวคิดที่ว่ายิ่งระยะเวลาผ่านไปนานเท่าไหร่ ⏳ ยิ่งมีการเรียกคืนความทรงจำนั้นๆ บ่อยครั้ง ความทรงจำก็ยิ่งมีโอกาสถูกแก้ไข เติมเต็ม หรือปรุงแต่งด้วยเหตุผลและความคุ้นเคยมากขึ้นเท่านั้น 🔄✏️

"ใดๆในโลกนั้นคือสมมุติ ความคิดความทรงจำ ก็เป็นสมมุติเพียง แต่เราต้องรู้จักใช้สมมุติให้เป็นประโยชน์ และรู้จักใช้มันให้เป็นเพื่อดำรงอยู่บนโลก"

สรุป ✨🧠🔍

โดยสรุปแล้ว บทความนี้เตือนใจเราว่า ความทรงจำของเราไม่ใช่กล้องวิดีโอที่บันทึกทุกอย่างไว้แม่นยำ 📼❌ แต่เป็นกระบวนการสร้างสรรค์ที่ซับซ้อนซึ่งมีแนวโน้มที่จะถูกปรุงแต่งด้วยเหตุผล ความคุ้นเคย และการตีความของเราเอง 🏗️🤔🏠 ความมั่นใจที่เรามีต่อสิ่งที่จำได้นั้น ไม่ได้เป็นหลักประกันว่าเป็นความจริงเสมอไป 👍🤥

การตระหนักถึงธรรมชาติข้อนี้ของจิต และการใช้เครื่องมือภายนอก 📱📹📝 รวมถึงการฝึกฝนจิตให้สามารถสังเกตการณ์ทำงานของมันได้อย่างละเอียดรอบคอบตามหลักพุทธศาสนา 🙏🧘‍♀️ จึงเป็นกุญแจสำคัญที่จะช่วยให้เราสามารถแยกแยะระหว่าง "ความจริง" ✅ กับ "สิ่งที่จิตปรุงแต่งขึ้น" 🤥 ได้มากขึ้น และช่วยให้เราเข้าใกล้ความเข้าใจในธรรมชาติของสรรพสิ่งได้อย่างเที่ยงตรง ไม่หลงติดอยู่ในวังวนของความทรงจำและความคิดที่อาจบิดเบือนไปจากความเป็นจริง 🔄

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**#ความทรงจำ #จิตวิทยา #พุทธศาสนา #สมอง #สมาธิ #การฝึกจิต #ราโชมอน #ความจริง #ไม่เชื่อความคิด #ธรรมชาติของจิต #พัฒนาตนเอง #บทความน่ารู้ #เทคโนโลยี #บันทึกความจริง #พระอภิธรรม #พระหฤทัยสูตร #LinaEngword **

@ d360efec:14907b5f

“คณิตศาสตร์” กุญแจเวทมนตร์ นักพนัน และ นักลงทุน ในนครเฮรันเทล นามกระฉ่อนเลื่องลือในหมู่นักเสี่ยงโชค เมื่อเอ่ยถึง “การพนัน” ภาพที่ชาวเมืองมักนึกถึงคือ “ยาจกข้างถนน”

มิใช่เรื่องแปลกประหลาดอันใด เพราะเป็นที่ร่ำลือกันว่า จ้าวแห่งหอคอยรัตติกาล ผู้คุมบ่อนพนัน มักร่ายเวทมนตร์สร้างเกมให้ตนเองได้เปรียบ เพื่อดูดกลืนเงินทองของผู้มาเยือน ดังนั้น การที่สามัญชนจะพิชิตเกมในระยะยาว จึงเป็นดั่งเงามายาที่จับต้องมิได้ กระนั้น ยังมีตำนานกล่าวขานถึงผู้กล้า ที่สามารถสร้างชื่อจาก “เกมพนัน” เช่น เวเนสซา รุสโซ นักเวทย์มนตร์ผู้ใช้กฎหมายแห่งแดนไกล ใช้เวลายาวนานถึงหกปี ร่ายเวทย์สะสมทรัพย์สินกว่าร้อยล้านเหรียญทอง จากการเล่นเกมไพ่ศักดิ์สิทธิ์ “โป๊กเกอร์” หรือแม้แต่ เอ็ดเวิร์ด โอ. ทอร์ป จอมปราชญ์ผู้สร้างกำไรถึงสามแสนหกหมื่นเหรียญทอง ภายในเจ็ดราตรี จากการเล่นเกมไพ่มนตรา “แบล็กแจ็ก” ด้วยเงินทุนตั้งต้นเพียงสามแสนสามหมื่นเหรียญทอง คิดเป็นอัตราเวทย์ตอบแทนร้อยสิบส่วน! เหล่าจอมยุทธ์เหล่านี้ มิได้อาศัยเพียงโชคช่วยชั่วครั้งชั่วคราวแล้วเลือนหาย แต่พวกเขากลับสามารถร่ายเวทย์สร้างผลตอบแทนระยะยาว จนเรียกได้ว่า ใช้ “หอคอยรัตติกาล” เป็นแหล่งเสบียงเลี้ยงชีพ โดยกุญแจเวทย์ที่บุคคลเหล่านี้ใช้ ก็คือ “คณิตศาสตร์” เหตุใด “คณิตศาสตร์” จึงช่วยให้ผู้คนเอาชนะ “การพนัน” ได้? และนอกจาก “การพนัน” แล้ว “คณิตศาสตร์” ยังสามารถประยุกต์ใช้กับสิ่งใดได้อีก? นักเล่าเรื่องแห่งเฮรันเทล จักไขปริศนาให้ฟัง เบื้องต้น ขอให้ท่านลองพิจารณาตนเอง ว่าเคยประสบพบพานเหตุการณ์เหล่านี้หรือไม่: * ตั้งมั่นว่า จักเสี่ยงโชคให้ได้กำไรเพียงเล็กน้อย แล้วจักหยุดพัก * แต่หากพลาดท่าเสียที จักจำกัดการสูญเสียให้เท่าทุนเดิมที่ตั้งไว้ * ครั้นเมื่อเวทมนตร์เข้าข้าง ได้กำไรมาแล้ว กลับโลภโมโทสัน อยากได้เพิ่มอีกนิด จึงร่ายเวทย์ต่อ * ทว่ากำไรเริ่มร่อยหรอ จนเหลือเพียงทุนเดิม สุดท้ายทุนที่ตั้งไว้คราแรกก็มลายสิ้น * จำต้องหาเงินทองมาลงเพิ่ม หวังทวงทุนคืน และพบว่าต้องสูญเสียเงินก้อนนั้นไปในห้วงเวลาต่อมา ลำดับเหตุการณ์ดังกล่าว เรียกได้ว่าเป็น “วงจรอุบาทว์” สำหรับนักพนันมากมายในเฮรันเทล ปริศนาที่ตามมาก็คือ เหตุใด “วงจรอุบาทว์” นี้จึงเกิดขึ้นซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่า? ส่วนหนึ่ง ย่อมเป็นเพราะอารมณ์อันแปรปรวนในการเสี่ยงโชคของแต่ละคน แต่อีกส่วนที่สำคัญยิ่งกว่า ต้องกล่าวว่าเป็นผลจาก “กลไกต้องสาป” ของจ้าวแห่งหอคอยรัตติกาล ซึ่งต้องกล่าวว่า เหล่าเจ้าของหอคอยรัตติกาลนั้น จักใช้หลักการทำนองเดียวกับ “สมาคมพ่อค้าผู้พิทักษ์” คือจักเก็บเงินทองจากชนจำนวนมาก เพื่อนำมาจ่ายให้กับชนเพียงหยิบมือ เพื่อล่อลวงให้ชนทั้งหลายเสี่ยงโชคต่อไป หรือทำให้เหล่านักพนันหวังว่า จักเป็นผู้โชคดีเฉกเช่นพวกเขาบ้าง แม้จะมีผู้โชคดีที่สามารถได้กำไรในเบื้องต้น แต่ในบั้นปลายก็จักพ่ายแพ้อยู่ดี ซึ่งเป็นไปตาม “กฎแห่งจำนวนมหาศาล” เพราะจ้าวแห่งหอคอยรัตติกาลนั้น ได้คำนวณและออกแบบระบบเกมที่ตนเองได้เปรียบในระยะยาวแล้ว จากตำนานนี้ ย่อมประจักษ์ชัดว่า แม้การพนันจักเป็นเรื่องของดวงชะตา แต่ก็ถูกรังสรรค์ขึ้นจากการคำนวณทางคณิตศาสตร์ ดังนั้น หากปรารถนาจะหาหนทางเอาชนะจ้าวแห่งหอคอยรัตติกาล ก็จำต้องเข้าใจ “คณิตศาสตร์” เสียก่อน ทีนี้ จงเงี่ยหูฟัง แล้วท่านจักได้ยินข้าไขปริศนา: ๑. ปริศนาแห่ง “กำไรคาดหวัง” สำหรับการแสวงหา “เกมเสี่ยงทาย” ที่ควรค่าแก่การเล่น หรือการเสี่ยง สิ่งแรกที่นักพนันพึงกระทำคือ “การประเมินกำไรคาดหวัง” หรือ “เวทคำนวณอนาคต” “กำไรคาดหวัง” ถูกคิดค้นโดย คริสเตียน ฮอยเกนส์ นักปราชญ์เวทย์ชาวดัตช์ เพื่อประเมินว่าเกมพนันแบบใดควรค่าแก่การเล่น ซึ่งมิใช่เพียงแค่การประเมินโอกาสแห่งชัยชนะเท่านั้น แต่ต้องคิดรวมขนาดของเงินเดิมพันไปด้วย โดยสูตรเวทย์คือ: กำไรคาดหวัง = (เงินที่ได้ x โอกาสชนะ) + (เงินที่เสีย x โอกาสแพ้) ดังนั้น หากปรารถนาจะสะสม “ทองคำมายา” ในระยะยาว จงเลือกเกมที่มี “กำไรคาดหวัง” เป็นบวก แต่หากพลาดพลั้งเข้าไปเล่นเกมที่ “กำไรคาดหวัง” เป็นลบ และบังเอิญว่าโชคชะตาเล่นตลกให้ได้เงินทองมาครอง พึงละทิ้งเกมนั้นเสียโดยพลัน เพราะท้ายที่สุดหากยังคงเล่นต่อไป ผู้อับโชคผู้นั้นก็คือตัวท่านเอง อย่างไรก็ตาม โดยธรรมดาแล้ว “กำไรคาดหวัง” ของเกมพนันที่มีเจ้ามือมักจักติดลบ จึงเป็นเรื่องยากยิ่งที่จะเอาชนะได้ เฉกเช่นตัวอย่างที่เราเห็น คือเกมในบ่อนพนัน หรือแม้แต่ “สลากกินแบ่งรัฐบาล” ก็ล้วนเป็นเกมที่มี “กำไรคาดหวัง” ติดลบทั้งสิ้น นอกจาก “กำไรคาดหวัง” จักถูกใช้กับการพนันได้แล้ว หลักเวทย์ “คณิตศาสตร์” ก็ยังสามารถประยุกต์ใช้กับการลงทุนได้ไม่แตกต่างกัน ตัวอย่างเช่น หากท่านเก็บสถิติข้อมูลการลงทุนของตนเอง แล้วพบว่ามีเพียงสามสิบส่วนร้อยเท่านั้น ที่ท่านซื้อ “ศิลาแห่งโชค” แล้วสร้างผลตอบแทนเป็นบวก แต่ท่านยังคงปรารถนาความสำเร็จในการลงทุน ก็จงจำกัดการขาดทุนแต่ละคราให้น้อยเข้าไว้ เช่น -๕% และปล่อยให้มีกำไรในแต่ละคราที่ลงทุน เช่น อย่างน้อย ๒๐% ซึ่งจากการใช้กลยุทธ์นี้ ท่านจักมี “กำไรคาดหวัง” = (๒๐% x ๐.๓) + (-๕% x ๐.๗) = ๒.๕% จักเห็นได้ว่า แม้ท่านจักมีจำนวนคราที่ขาดทุนบ่อยครั้ง แต่ก็ยังสามารถสร้างกำไรได้ หากคราที่กำไรนั้น สามารถทำเงินทองเป็นจำนวนมากได้ ๒. ปริศนาแห่ง “การบริหารหน้าตัก” หรือ “การบริหารเงินทุน” แม้ว่าท่านจักรับรู้ “กำไรคาดหวัง” แล้ว แต่หากท่านเผชิญหน้ากับการขาดทุนต่อเนื่องกัน ท่านก็อาจหมดเนื้อหมดตัวก่อนถึงคราที่จะกอบโกยเงินทองจากคราที่กำไร วิธีคลายปมปริศนานี้ก็คือ การมิลงเงินทองทั้งหมดของท่านในการลงทุนเพียงคราเดียว ซึ่งนอกจากการกระจายความเสี่ยงในการลงทุนหลาย “ศิลาแห่งโชค” หรือหลาย “เกมเสี่ยงทาย” แล้ว ท่านอาจกำหนดขนาดของการลงทุนแต่ละคราให้มิมากเกินไป แบบง่าย ๆ เช่น มิเกิน ๑๐% ของเงินลงทุนทั้งหมด หรือท่านอาจคำนวณขนาดของการลงทุนแต่ละคราด้วยสูตรทางคณิตศาสตร์ เช่น สูตร “การขาดทุนสูงสุดที่ท่านรับได้ (Value at Risk)” หรือ สูตร “ขนาดเดิมพันที่เหมาะสม (Kelly Formula)” ๓. ปริศนาแห่ง “อคติ” ในวงการพนัน มักมีอคติหนึ่งที่บังเกิดบ่อยครั้งกับผู้คน คือ “Gambler's Fallacy” หรือ “ความเชื่อผิด ๆ แห่งนักพนัน” ว่าหากเหตุการณ์หนึ่งบังเกิดบ่อยครั้งกว่าปรกติในช่วงเวลาหนึ่ง ๆ เหตุการณ์นั้นจักบังเกิดบ่อยครั้งน้อยลงในอนาคต ทั้ง ๆ ที่เหตุการณ์เหล่านั้นเป็นอิสระจากกันในทางสถิติ ยกตัวอย่างเช่น หากโยนเหรียญมนตราออกหัวไปแล้วสามครา ในคราที่สี่ หลายคนอาจคิดว่าโอกาสออกก้อยมากกว่าหัว แม้ว่าการโยนเหรียญแต่ละคราจะมิได้ส่งผลอันใดต่อกันเลย (จะโยนกี่ครา โอกาสหัวหรือก้อย ก็คือ ๕๐:๕๐ อยู่ยั่งยืน) หรือแม้กระทั่ง “สลากกินแบ่งรัฐบาล” มีหลายคนที่ซื้อเลขซ้ำกัน เพื่อหวังว่าจะถูกในงวดต่อ ๆ ไป ในวงการการลงทุน ก็มีลักษณะที่คล้ายคลึงกัน เช่น หาก “ศิลาแห่งโชค A” ราคาตกต่ำลงมาห้าครา บางคนอาจคิดว่าในคราที่หก ราคาของมันจักต้องเด้งขึ้นมา ซึ่งในความเป็นจริง หาได้เป็นเช่นนั้นเสมอไป จักเห็นได้ว่า แท้จริงแล้ว ไม่ว่าจักเป็น “เกมเสี่ยงทายแห่งโชคชะตา” หรือ “การผจญภัยในตลาดทุน” หากท่านมีความเข้าใจ และนำ “คณิตศาสตร์” เข้ามาเป็นรากฐาน มันก็อาจนำพาตัวท่านเอง ไปสู่จุดที่ได้เปรียบในเกมนั้น ได้เฉกเช่นกัน.. สูตรเวทย์มนตร์ที่ปรากฏในตำนาน: * กำไรคาดหวัง = (เงินที่ได้ x โอกาสชนะ) + (เงินที่เสีย x โอกาสแพ้) คำเตือนจากนักเล่าเรื่องแห่งเฮรันเทล: "พึงระลึกไว้เสมอว่า โชคชะตาเป็นสิ่งที่คาดเดาได้ยาก แม้เวทมนตร์คณิตศาสตร์จักช่วยนำทาง แต่ท้ายที่สุดแล้ว ความสำเร็จยังคงขึ้นอยู่กับการตัดสินใจและสติปัญญาของท่านเอง"

หวังว่าตำนานบทนี้จักเป็นประโยชน์แก่ท่านนะคะ

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In 1997, an IBM supercomputer beat the sport’s greatest mind. Deep Blue II became the first machine to defeat a chess world champion — Garry Kasparov. Humans would never win at chess again.

But if computers have been better than us for so long, why do we still play chess? Don’t we always play to win?

Well, even though we’re unlikely to record a victory over the machines, chess has become more popular than ever. According to a June 2023 PBS feature, subscriptions to chess clubs have soared and earlier this year chess.com servers overloaded due to a the highest number of active users ever.

This is not just a fad based on The Queen’s Gambit (a 2020 Netflix adaptation). Over 100m people have registered on chess.com since then, and books, YouTube channels and other content is flourishing. A Grandmaster recently visited the city in Spain where I live, and thousands of people came to watch her play.

Here’s my theory behind the recent revival of chess. The answer to why we still play is what’s behind the game of chess — strategy and spatial recognition.

It’s a system of training ourselves to appreciate cause and consequence, to improve our decision making. The best players train against computers, knowing they can’t win, but they can learn.

The same is true with today’s writing landscape. Professionals are panicking that machines will produce most of the content we’ll read from now on. Writing will change — that’s true. AI can write faster and more (grammatically) accurately.

But what’s behind writing? 🧠 Patterns of structured thought 🗣️ Sound rhetoric 🖊️ The creativity of language 📚 The beauty of stories.

Writing is a skill that we still need to train.

If we don’t, how will we know what makes our words effective? How will we communicate? How will we make sense of our past?

We can use AI to help, but the words it processes belong to us.

Just as we have recognised the importance of the concepts behind chess, we must do the same for the process of writing.

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Title H1

Hello !

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Es fühlt sich wie ein Staatsstreich an. Vielleicht ist es auch einer. Ein abgewählter Bundestag genehmigt mittels Grundgesetzänderung die größte Staatsverschuldung in der Geschichte Deutschlands mit der unvorstellbaren Summe von 1000 Milliarden Euro, also eine Billion.

https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/vom-schuldenstaatsstreich-zur-finanzdiktatur-von-rob-kenius?\ Jedem muss klar sein, wohin diese Gelder aus den Taschen der Steuerzahler wandern und wer, wenn in Rüstung, Militärhilfen, Konzern-Subventionen investiert wird, die Leidtragenden sind: Kinder, Rentner, kleine Firmen und Betriebe, sozial Schwache, Kranke, Arbeitslose, Obdachlose.

\ Die Kräfte aus Finanzeliten, Militär, Rüstungsindustrie, regierenden Parteien und den staatstragenden Medien werden dafür immer stärker.

\ Hören Sie den Beitrag „Vom Schuldenstaatsstreich zur Finanzdiktatur“ von Rob Kenius, der zunächst beim Overton-Magazin erschienen war: https://overton-magazin.de/top-story/vom-schuldenstaatsstreich-zur-finanzdiktatur-in-leicht-verstaendlicher-sprache/

Sprecherin: Sabrina Khalil

Redaktion: Jonny Rieder

Bild: Bund der Steuerzahler / Janek Werner

Rob Kenius betreibt die systemkritische Webseite kritlit.de und den Podcast 9min Denksport. Der Text Vom Schuldenstaatsstreich zur Finanzdiktatur ist davon die 14. Folge.

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Radio München ist eine gemeinnützige Unternehmung.\ Wir freuen uns, wenn Sie unsere Arbeit unterstützen.

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Prompts

Eva, Schlange, Apfel und Adam

A selfie of a woman resembling eve in the time of old testament, blurred body, holding an apple, kneeling in front adam. he has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both fear and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with a huge snake behind her. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with adam and eve, possibly at a place like garden eden. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudha --v 6.0

Tochter des Pharao mit Mose

A selfie of the biblical figure moabite woman with her baby in front of an oasis. She is wearing traditional and has black hair. The background shows water from the desert oasis and grasses around it. In the Background a wicker basket on the water. The photo was taken in the style of a selfie shot with GoPro camera

Simon Petrus

A selfie of a man resembling Simon Petrus, wearing a white robe, surrounded by waves and thunderstorm. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with many waves behind him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with jesus at the dead sea, possibly at a place like the sea. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary --v 6.0

Zachäus auf dem Baum

A selfie of a man resembling a roman in the time of jesus, wearing a glamorous robe, surrounded by the crown of a tree. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with many leaves behind him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with jesus walking by, possibly at a place like the jerusalem. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary --v 6.0

Maria am Ostermorgen

A selfie of a woman resembling maria in the time of jesus, wearing a robe, kneeling in front of stone grave. she has a shocked expression with her mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both fear and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with the open glowing grave behind her. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with jesus resurrection, possibly at a place like the jerusalem. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary --v 6.0

Der verlorene Sohn bei den Schweinen

A young ancient arabic man with short hair in the time of jesus, brown eyes, and a dirty face, covered in mud from working on his pig farm, takes an amateur selfie at dusk. He is surrounded by pig stables, with a barn visible in the background and pigs seen near the front. The photo captures a raw, authentic moment, as he gazes directly into the camera with an expression of excitement or wonder. The image has a realistic style, akin to Unsplash photography, and is meant to be posted on a primitive-themed social network. The resolution of the photo is high, style of selfie with gopro --v 6.0

Vater und Sohn vereint

A selfie of an Arab father in simple garments in the time of jesus, embracing and hugging a young man. The father's face, visible in the foreground, radiates joy and relief. Only the back of the son's head is visible, as he faces away from the camera, returning the embrace in tattered clothing. In the background, a large ancient house and other family members can be seen watching from a distance, blurred. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens using a GoPro, enhancing the dramatic and overwhelming effect of the scene --v 6.0

Bartimäus

A selfie of a man resembling blind bartimaeus in the time of jesus, black and brown and white bandages on his head over his eyes and face, wearing a robe, kneeling in front of a market place. he has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes still covered with black and brown and white bandages on his head, evoking a sense of both fear and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with many sand behind him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with jesus healing the blind, possibly at a place like the jerusalem. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudha --v 6.0

Daniel in der Löwengrube

A selfie of a man resembling Jesus, wearing a beige hoodie, surrounded by lions and cheetahs. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with many lions behind him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a lion's den, possibly at a place like the Grand Tabahar. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary

David und Goliath

selfie of a the boy and shepherd david holding his slingshot resembling a fight with the giant goliath in the time of old testament, wearing a glamorous sligshot focusing on his giant opponent. David has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with a desert surrounding him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of the scene of David fighting with the giant goliath with his slingshot, possibly at a place like the jerusalem. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary --v 6.0

Simson im Philistertempel

A selfie of a man resembling simson in the time of old testament, wearing a glamorous beard and long hair, surrounded by thousands of ancient fighters. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with a temple surrounding him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with jesus walking by, possibly at a place like the jerusalem. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary --v 6.0

Jona und der Wal

A selfie of a man resembling israeli jona in the time of old testament,`wearing a glamorous beard and long hair, inside the body of a whale. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with the ocean surrounding him. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene in the bible. The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, similar to the style of Yasir Khan Chaudhary

Jakob und Isaak

A selfie of a young man resembling an ancient Arabic in clothes made of skins of goats and furs of the goats, looking overwhelmed and distressed as he betrays his father, who blesses him. The scene shows a dawn sky with hints of the sunrise, evoking a surreal and dramatic atmosphere. The scene is set in ancient Jerusalem, with stone buildings. in the background an old man with a gesture of blessing, rising his hands to the sky, The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, blending surrealism with humor. The style is reminiscent of a GoPro selfie, capturing the intense moment with a sense of both fear and surprise

Petrus und der Hahn

A selfie of a man resembling ancient young arabic man saint in traditional biblical attire, being eaten by a whale,. he has a shocked expression with his mouth pressed and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both fear and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with one rooster crowing out loud behind the man. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene with peter and the rooster, possibly at a place in jerusalem . The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor, go pro selfie, morning dawn near sunrise setting

Josef im Brunnen

A selfie of an ancient israelian man with a magical dreamcoat clothing in a deep well, looking at the camera from above, captured in the style of a go pro selfie stick

Elia und die Raben

A close-up selfie of a bearded man (Elijah) in biblical clothing, smiling gratefully. He is standing near a stream in a secluded, rocky area. Several black ravens are perched on his shoulders and arms, holding pieces of bread and meat in their beaks. The scene has a warm, golden light, symbolizing God's provision. Photorealistic style, high detail.

Absalom im Baum

A selfie of a man resembling of a young man (Absalom) with long hair knotted arount the branches of a large oak tree.. He has a shocked expression with his mouth open and wide eyes, evoking a sense of both humor and surprise. The scene appears surreal, with all of his hairs knotted around the tree. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, adding to the dramatic and humorous effect. The setting is reminiscent of a scene of a robin hood movie in the forest . The style of the photo blends surrealism with humor

Ruth und Boas im Weizenfeld

A selfie of a young woman resembling Ruth, with a radiant smile and sun-kissed skin. She's standing in a golden wheat field at sunset, her arms filled with freshly gathered sheaves of wheat. Her hair is partially covered with a simple headscarf, with loose strands blowing in the wind. She has a look of joy and gratitude in her eyes. The scene appears idyllic, with wheat stalks seeming to embrace her. In the background, a distinguished older man (Boaz) can be seen watching from a distance, his expression a mix of curiosity and admiration. The photo is taken with a wide-angle lens, capturing the vastness of the field, the warmth of the setting sun, and Boaz in the distance. The setting is reminiscent of a biblical harvest scene. The style of the photo blends realism with a touch of romantic nostalgia.

"Bibel-Selfies" von Jörg Lohrer Lizenz: CC0 1.0 .

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Hello Stackers!

Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon!

A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats.

So stay a while and listen.

🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨

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originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/952743

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It is noteworthy to mention that Bill Gates, a distinguished co-founder of Microsoft and a philanthropist with extensive impact on global health and education initiatives, serves as a limited partner in various investment vehicles associated with Village Global. However, it is critical to delineate the nuances of this relationship, as Gates' status as a limited partner does not confer upon him any authoritative control or decision-making power regarding the operational protocols or strategic direction of SimpleX Chat.

The development team behind SimpleX Chat has made a concerted effort to clarify that Village Global's involvement is strictly financial in nature, devoid of any operational oversight or influence over the management and technical development of the project.

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Privacy Without Compromise

SimpleX Chat aims to provide a messenger that is both convenient and private, addressing the perceived trade-off between these two qualities in existing solutions. They define privacy as protecting not only message content but also metadata like connection details and user identities.

In contrast to a multitude of contemporary messaging applications, SimpleX Chat distinctly emphasizes the safeguarding of metadata privacy as a foundational component of its architecture.

The development team articulates a compelling argument regarding the intrinsic value of communication relationships, suggesting that the identification of interlocutors constitutes sensitive data that may be weaponized against users in various contexts—an issue that current market leaders in the domain have failed to remedy with sufficient rigor.

Consequently, the developers are actively engaged in initiatives to bolster the obfuscation of users’ IP addresses, thereby enhancing the overall security framework against potential surveillance and data exploitation threats.

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A Radical Architectural Shift

The architecture underpinning SimpleX Chat diverges notably from conventional paradigms associated with user account management.

Specifically, it eschews the creation and maintenance of user profiles in the traditional sense, thereby negating the repository of personally identifiable information on centralized servers. Instead, all pertinent data transactions pertinent to user interactions are localized, existing solely on the end-user's devices.

This paradigm shift engenders a formidable barrier to data accessibility, effectively neutralizing the potential for data disclosure to law enforcement agencies, irrespective of judicial mandates such as court warrants.

Furthermore, in their adherence to statutory obligations, SimpleX Chat's design ethos proactively prioritizes the minimization of data collection, establishing a privacy-centric framework that aptly aligns with contemporary concerns regarding data sovereignty and user anonymity.

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Functionality Grounded in Security

The SimpleX Chat application exemplifies a multi-device compatibility framework, strategically prioritizing stringent security protocols over user convenience.

This methodology distinctly contrasts with that of various competitors who may opt for convenience-focused functionalities that inadvertently jeopardize user data integrity and confidentiality.

The current technical architecture facilitates seamless profile transfers across devices, while also enabling a desktop terminal interface that remains operationally tethered to the mobile device.

Such an arrangement underscores SimpleX Chat's commitment to balancing usability with robust security measures, effectively mitigating potential vulnerabilities in cross-platform interactions.

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Transient Messaging and Signal Protocol Reimagined

SimpleX Chat integrates the functionality of transient messaging, which serves primarily as a user convenience element rather than representing a robust security mechanism.

The developers have explicitly articulated that they are unable to ensure the irreversible deletion of messages from the recipient's device, thereby highlighting potential vulnerabilities associated with data retention and privacy concerns in digital communications.

The development team arrived at a strategic decision to forgo the utilization of the existing Signal codebase, primarily attributed to its inherent complexity and the prospective risks associated with the coupling dynamics that could emerge between the Signal protocol and its corresponding system architecture.

As a result, they opted to engineer the Signal protocol anew, commencing from foundational coding principles.

This approach not only enables them to exert comprehensive control over the implementation but also significantly facilitates the seamless integration of advanced cryptographic frameworks, specifically post-quantum key agreement methodologies, which are imperative in future-proofing cryptographic communications against the advent of quantum computing threats.

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UX Development and the Road Ahead

The UI is still under development. The developers acknowledge some usability challenges, especially for users unfamiliar with the concept of profile-based messaging without traditional accounts.

They are actively working on improving UX based on user feedback.

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A Decentralized Economic Model

SimpleX Chat is poised to introduce an innovative commercial framework predicated on the integration of a decentralized accounting mechanism, characterized by the utilization of distributed ledger technology, which underpins cryptocurrency transactions, coupled with a system reminiscent of traditional gift card paradigms.

This commercial model is strategically designed to provide economic incentives to both infrastructure operators, who maintain the necessary backbone for the network's operations, and software vendors, who contribute essential applications and services—all while preserving the fundamental decentralized architecture inherent to blockchain systems.

This careful balance is crucial for fostering a sustainable ecosystem that rewards participants without compromising the network's core principles of transparency and egalitarian access.

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🚧 Prerequisites

| Requirement | Description | |-------------------|----------------------------------------------| | VPS | Debian 12, at least 1GB RAM (for running server) | | Build Machine | A second Linux machine with ≥ 8GB RAM for compiling binaries | | Domains | FQDNs like smp.yourdomain.com, xfp.yourdomain.com, turn.yourdomain.com | | SSH Keys | SSH access secured with key-based auth only | | Firewall | Only allow ports for SSH (22), SMP (5223), XFP (5353), TURN (5349) |

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🧱 Step 1: Build SimpleX on Build Machine

You’ll compile the binaries on your high-RAM machine and then SCP them over.

```bash sudo apt update && sudo apt install build-essential git rustc cargo pkg-config libssl-dev

Clone repo

git clone https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplexmq cd simplexmq

Build binaries

cargo build --release ```

You’ll find: - target/release/smp-server - target/release/xfp-server

Copy them to your VPS: bash scp target/release/smp-server user@vps:/home/user/ scp target/release/xfp-server user@vps:/home/user/

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🧑‍💻 Step 2: Harden the VPS

🔒 SSH-only access

```bash

Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config

PermitRootLogin no PasswordAuthentication no ```

Restart SSH: bash sudo systemctl restart ssh

🔥 UFW Firewall

bash sudo apt install ufw sudo ufw default deny incoming sudo ufw default allow outgoing sudo ufw allow OpenSSH sudo ufw enable

🛡️ Fail2ban

bash sudo apt install fail2ban sudo systemctl enable --now fail2ban

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📡 Step 3: SMP Server Setup

Create user and directories:

bash sudo useradd -m -r -s /usr/sbin/nologin smp sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/smp /var/log/smp sudo chown -R smp:smp /var/lib/smp /var/log/smp

Move binary and set permissions:

bash sudo mv /home/user/smp-server /usr/local/bin/ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/smp-server

Create systemd service:

/etc/systemd/system/smp.service ```ini [Unit] Description=SimpleX SMP Server After=network.target

[Service] User=smp ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/smp-server --fqdn smp.yourdomain.com --log /var/log/smp/smp.log WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/smp Restart=on-failure

[Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target ```

bash sudo systemctl daemon-reexec sudo systemctl enable --now smp.service

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🗂️ Step 4: XFP Server Setup

bash sudo useradd -m -r -s /usr/sbin/nologin xfp sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/xfp /var/log/xfp sudo chown -R xfp:xfp /var/lib/xfp /var/log/xfp sudo mv /home/user/xfp-server /usr/local/bin/ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/xfp-server

Create systemd service:

/etc/systemd/system/xfp.service ```ini [Unit] Description=SimpleX XFP Server After=network.target

[Service] User=xfp ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/xfp-server --storage /var/lib/xfp --log /var/log/xfp/xfp.log --quota 2GB WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/xfp Restart=on-failure

[Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target ```

bash sudo systemctl daemon-reexec sudo systemctl enable --now xfp.service

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🎙️ Step 5: Optional TURN Server (WebRTC)

Install Coturn: bash sudo apt install coturn

Edit /etc/turnserver.conf: ini listening-port=5349 tls-listening-port=5349 fingerprint lt-cred-mech realm=turn.yourdomain.com user=someuser:somepassword cert=/etc/letsencrypt/live/turn.yourdomain.com/fullchain.pem pkey=/etc/letsencrypt/live/turn.yourdomain.com/privkey.pem cipher-list="ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384" no-stdout-log

Set to auto-start: bash sudo systemctl enable coturn

Configure DNS and firewall to allow 5349.

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🔁 Step 6: Certificate Renewal (Let's Encrypt)

bash sudo apt install certbot

Set up renewal cron: bash sudo crontab -e

bash 0 3 * * * certbot renew --quiet && systemctl restart coturn

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🧪 Step 7: Testing with SimpleX Desktop

1. Download SimpleX Desktop
2. Launch and go to Settings → Relay Settings
3. Disable defaults, add your SMP and XFP addresses.

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🔄 Upgrading SimpleX

On your build machine: bash git pull origin main cargo build --release

Then: bash scp target/release/smp-server user@vps:/home/user/ scp target/release/xfp-server user@vps:/home/user/

On VPS: bash sudo systemctl stop smp xfp sudo mv /home/user/smp-server /usr/local/bin/ sudo mv /home/user/xfp-server /usr/local/bin/ sudo systemctl start smp xfp

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What if you communicated securely?

📡 SimpleX – Anonymous chat, no phone numbers, no metadata

SimpleX is unlike anything else. It doesn’t just encrypt your messages—it hides who you're talking to. No central servers, no profiles, no traces. Just pure private messaging.
Perfect for when you need total metadata privacy and no digital fingerprint.

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🌱 Nostr DMs – Messages with your Web of Trust

If you’re already on Nostr, using DMs is a natural step. Messages are encrypted end-to-end and tied to your public key identity.
Great for building trusted, decentralized communication channels within your Web of Trust.

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🔐 PGP Email – Old-school but rock solid

PGP lets you encrypt your emails and verify identities with public keys. It’s still one of the most powerful tools for asynchronous, verifiable, and encrypted communication—especially for long-form or professional exchanges.

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🔁 Use them all together

Different tools for different roles. Want to talk anonymously? Use SimpleX.
Connecting with your Nostr tribe? Slide into those DMs.
Need to send a secure file or message over email? PGP's got your back.

Privacy isn’t just one app—it’s a toolkit. Build yours.

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@ 86102a64:33871ac0

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","user":{},"timestamp":"2025-04-22T02:11:57.947Z"}

@ 1c19eb1a:e22fb0bc

After my first major review of Primal on Android, we're going to go a very different direction for this next review. Primal is your standard "Twitter clone" type of kind 1 note client, now branching into long-form. They also have a team of developers working on making it one of the best clients to fill that use-case. By contrast, this review will not be focusing on any client at all. Not even an "other stuff" client.

Instead, we will be reviewing a very useful tool created and maintained by nostr:npub1w4uswmv6lu9yel005l3qgheysmr7tk9uvwluddznju3nuxalevvs2d0jr5 called #Amber. For those unfamiliar with Amber, it is an #Android application dedicated to managing your signing keys, and allowing you to log into various #Nostr applications without having to paste in your private key, better known as your #nsec. It is not recommended to paste your nsec into various applications because they each represent another means by which it could be compromised, and anyone who has your nsec can post as you. On Nostr, your #npub is your identity, and your signature using your private key is considered absolute proof that any given note, reaction, follow update, or profile change was authorized by the rightful owner of that identity.

It happens less often these days, but early on, when the only way to try out a new client was by inputting your nsec, users had their nsec compromised from time to time, or they would suspect that their key may have been compromised. When this occurs, there is no way to recover your account, or set a new private key, deprecating the previous one. The only thing you can do is start over from scratch, letting everyone know that your key has been compromised and to follow you on your new npub.

If you use Amber to log into other Nostr apps, you significantly reduce the likelihood that your private key will be compromised, because only one application has access to it, and all other applications reach out to Amber to sign any events. This isn't quite as secure as storing your private key on a separate device that isn't connected to the internet whatsoever, like many of us have grown accustomed to with securing our #Bitcoin, but then again, an online persona isn't nearly as important to secure for most of us as our entire life savings.

Amber is the first application of its kind for managing your Nostr keys on a mobile device. nostr:npub1w4uswmv6lu9yel005l3qgheysmr7tk9uvwluddznju3nuxalevvs2d0jr5 didn't merely develop the application, but literally created the specification for accomplishing external signing on Android which can be found in NIP-55. Unfortunately, Amber is only available for Android. A signer application for iOS is in the works from nostr:npub1yaul8k059377u9lsu67de7y637w4jtgeuwcmh5n7788l6xnlnrgs3tvjmf, but is not ready for use at this time. There is also a new mobile signer app for Android and iOS called Nowser, but I have not yet had a chance to try this app out. From a cursory look at the Android version, it is indeed in the very early stages of development and cannot be compared with Amber.

This review of Amber is current as of version 3.2.5.

Overall Impression

Score: 4.7 / 5 (Updated 4/21/2025)

I cannot speak highly enough about Amber as a tool that every Nostr user on Android should start using if they are not already. When the day comes that we have more options for well-developed signer apps on mobile, my opinion may very well change, but until then Amber is what we have available to us. Even so, it is an incredibly well thought-out and reliable tool for securing your nsec.

Despite being the only well-established Android signer available for Android, Amber can be compared with other external signing methods available on other platforms. Even with more competition in this arena, though, Amber still holds up incredibly well. If you are signing into web applications on a desktop, I still would recommend using a browser extension like #Alby or #Nos2x, as the experience is usually faster, more seamless, and far more web apps support this signing method (NIP-07) than currently support the two methods employed by Amber. Nevertheless that gap is definitely narrowing.

A running list I created of applications that support login and signing with Amber can be found here: Nostr Clients with External Signer Support

I have run into relatively few bugs in my extensive use of Amber for all of my mobile signing needs. Occasionally the application crashes when trying to send it a signing request from a couple of applications, but I would not be surprised if this is no fault of Amber at all, and rather the fault of those specific apps, since it works flawlessly with the vast majority of apps that support either NIP-55 or NIP-46 login.

I also believe that mobile is the ideal platform to use for this type of application. First, because most people use Nostr clients on their phone more than on a desktop. There are, of course, exceptions to that, but in general we spend more time on our phones when interacting online. New users are also more likely to be introduced to Nostr by a friend having them download a Nostr client on their phone than on a PC, and that can be a prime opportunity to introduce the new user to protecting their private key. Finally, I agree with the following assessment from nostr:npub1jlrs53pkdfjnts29kveljul2sm0actt6n8dxrrzqcersttvcuv3qdjynqn.

nostr:nevent1qqsw0r6gzn05xg67h5q2xkplwsuzedjxw9lf7ntrxjl8ajm350fcyugprfmhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68yurvv438xtnrdaksyg9hyaxj3clfswlhyrd5kjsj5v04clhjvgeq6pwztmysfzdvn93gev7awu9v

The one downside to Amber is that it will be quite foreign for new users. That is partially unavoidable with Nostr, since folks are not accustomed to public/private key cryptography in general, let alone using a private key to log into websites or social media apps. However, the initial signup process is a bit cumbersome if Amber is being used as the means of initially generating a key pair. I think some of this could be foregone at start-up in favor of streamlining onboarding, and then encourage the user to back-up their private key at a later time.

Features

Amber has some features that may surprise you, outside of just storing your private key and signing requests from your favorite Nostr clients. It is a full key management application, supporting multiple accounts, various backup methods, and even the ability to authorize other users to access a Nostr profile you control.

Android Signing

This is the signing method where Amber really shines in both speed and ease of use. Any Android application that supports this standard, and even some progressive web-apps that can be installed to your Android's home-screen, can very quickly and seamlessly connect with Amber to authorize anything that you need signed with your nsec. All you have to do is select "Login with Amber" in clients like #Amethyst or #0xChat and the app will reach out to Amber for all signing requests from there on out. If you had previously signed into the app with your nsec, you will first need to log out, then choose the option to use Amber when you log back in.

This is a massive deal, because everything you do on Nostr requires a signature from your private key. Log in? Needs a signature. Post a "GM" note? Needs a signature. Follow someone who zapped your note? Needs a signature. Zap them back? You guessed it; needs a signature. When you paste your private key into an application, it will automatically sign a lot of these actions without you ever being asked for approval, but you will quickly realize just how many things the client is doing on your behalf when Amber is asking you to approve them each time.

Now, this can also get quite annoying after a while. I recommend using the setting that allows Amber to automatically sign for basic functions, which will cut down on some of the authorization spam. Once you have been asked to authorize the same type of action a few times, you can also toggle the option to automatically authorize that action in the future. Don't worry, though, you have full control to require Amber to ask you for permission again if you want to be alerted each time, and this toggle is specific to each application, so it's not a blanket approval for all Nostr clients you connect with.

This method of signing is just as fast as signing via browser extension on web clients, which users may be more accustomed to. Everything is happening locally on the device, so it can be very snappy and secure.

Nostr Connect/Bunker Signing

This next method of signing has a bit of a delay, because it is using a Nostr relay to send encrypted information back and forth between the app the user is interacting with and Amber to obtain signatures remotely. It isn't a significant delay most of the time, but it is just enough to be noticeable.

Also, unlike the previous signing method that would automatically switch to Amber as the active application when a signing request is sent, this method only sends you a notification that you must be watching for. This can lead to situations where you are wondering why something isn't working in a client you signed into remotely, because it is waiting on you to authorize the action and you didn't notice the notification from Amber. As you use the application, you get used to the need to check for such authorization requests from time to time, or when something isn't working as expected.

By default, Amber will use relay.nsec.app to communicate with whichever Nostr app you are connecting to. You can set a different relay for this purpose, if you like, though not just any relay will support the event kinds that Amber uses for remote signing. You can even run your own relay just for your own signing purposes. In fact, the creator of Amber has a relay application you can run on your phone, called Citrine, that can be used for signing with any web app you are using locally on your phone. This is definitely more of an advanced option, but it is there for you if you want it. For most users, sticking with relay.nsec.app will be just fine, especially since the contents of the events sent back and forth for signing are all encrypted.

Something many users may not realize is that this remote signing feature allows for issuing signing permissions to team members. For instance, if anyone ever joined me in writing reviews, I could issue them a connection string from Amber, and limit their permissions to just posting long-form draft events. Anything else they tried to do would require my explicit approval each time. Moreover, I could revoke those permissions if I ever felt they were being abused, without the need to start over with a whole new npub. Of course, this requires that your phone is online whenever a team member is trying to sign using the connection string you issued, and it requires you pay attention to your notifications so you can approve or reject requests you have not set to auto-approve. However, this is probably only useful for small teams, and larger businesses will want to find a more robust solution for managing access to their npub, such as Keycast from nostr:npub1zuuajd7u3sx8xu92yav9jwxpr839cs0kc3q6t56vd5u9q033xmhsk6c2uc.

The method for establishing a connection between Amber and a Nostr app for remote signing can vary for each app. Most, at minimum, will support obtaining a connection string from Amber that starts with "bunker://" and pasting it in at the time of login. Then you just need to approve the connection request from Amber and the client will log you in and send any subsequent signing requests to Amber using the same connection string.

Some clients will also offer the option to scan a QR code to connect the client to Amber. This is quite convenient, but just remember that this also means the client is setting which relay will be used for communication between the two. Clients with this option will also have a connection string you can copy and paste into Amber to achieve the same purpose. For instance, you may need this option if you are trying to connect to an app on your phone and therefore can't scan the QR code using Amber on the same phone.

Multiple Accounts

Amber does not lock you into using it with only a single set of keys. You can add all of your Nostr "accounts" to Amber and use it for signing events for each independently. Of course, Nostr doesn't actually have "accounts" in the traditional sense. Your identity is simply your key-pair, and Amber stores and accesses each private key as needed.

When first signing in using native Android signing as described above, Amber will default to whichever account was most recently selected, but you can switch to the account that is needed before approving the request. After initial login, Amber will automatically detect the account that the signing request is for.

Key Backup & Restore

Amber allows multiple ways to back up your private key. As most users would expect, you can get your standard nsec and copy/paste it to a password manager, but you can also obtain your private key as a list of mnemonic seed words, an encrypted version of your key called an ncryptsec, or even a QR code of your nsec or ncryptsec.

Additionally, in order to gain access to this information, Amber requires you to enter your device's PIN or use biometric authentication. This isn't cold-storage level protection for your private key by any means, especially since your phone is an internet connected device and does not store your key within a secure element, but it is about as secure as you can ask for while having your key accessible for signing Nostr events.

Tor Support

While Amber does not have Tor support within the app itself, it does support connecting to Tor through Orbot. This would be used with remote signing so that Amber would not connect directly over clearnet to the relay used for communication with the Nostr app requesting the signature. Instead, Amber would connect through Tor, so the relay would not see your IP address. This means you can utilize the remote signing option without compromising your anonymity.

Additional Security

Amber allows the user the option to require either biometric or PIN authentication before approving signing requests. This can provide that extra bit of assurance that no one will be able to sign events using your private key if they happen to gain access to your phone. The PIN you set in Amber is also independent from the PIN to unlock your device, allowing for separation of access.

Can My Grandma Use It?

Score: 4.6 / 5 (Updated 4/21/2025)

At the end of the day, Amber is a tool for those who have some concept of the importance of protecting their private key by not pasting it into every Nostr client that comes along. This concept in itself is not terribly approachable to an average person. They are used to just plugging their password into every service they use, and even worse, they usually have the same password for everything so they can more readily remember it. The idea that they should never enter their "Nostr password" into any Nostr application would never occur to them unless someone first explained how cryptography works related to public/private key pairs.

That said, I think there can be some improvements made to how users are introduced to these concepts, and that a signer application like Amber might be ideal for the job. Considering Amber as a new user's first touch-point with Nostr, I think it holds up well, but could be somewhat streamlined.

Upon opening the app, the user is prompted to either use their existing private key or "Create a new Nostr account." This is straightforward enough. "Account" is not a technically correct term with Nostr, but it is a term that new users would be familiar with and understand the basic concept.

The next screen announces that the account is ready, and presents the user with their public key, explaining that it is "a sort of username" that will allow others to find them on Nostr. While it is good to explain this to the user, it is unnecessary information at this point. This screen also prompts the user to set a nickname and set a password to encrypt their private key. Since the backup options also allow the user to set this password, I think this step could be pushed to a later time. This screen would better serve the new user if it simply prompted them to set a nickname and short bio that could be saved to a few default relays.

Of course, Amber is currently prompting for a password to be set up-front because the next screen requires the new user to download a "backup kit" in order to continue. While I do believe it is a good idea to encourage the creation of a backup, it is not crucial to do so immediately upon creation of a new npub that has nothing at stake if the private key is lost. This is something the UI could remind the user to do at a later time, reducing the friction of profile creation, and expediting getting them into the action.

Outside of these minor onboarding friction points, I think Amber does a great job of explaining to the user the purpose of each of its features, all within the app and without any need to reference external documentation. As long as the user understands the basic concept that their private key is being stored by Amber in order to sign requests from other Nostr apps, so they don't have to be given the private key, Amber is very good about explaining the rest without getting too far into the technical weeds.

The most glaring usability issue with Amber is that it isn't available in the Play Store. Average users expect to be able to find applications they can trust in their mobile device's default app store. There is a valid argument to be made that they are incorrect in this assumption, but that doesn't change the fact that this is the assumption most people make. They believe that applications in the Play Store are "safe" and that anything they can't install through the Play Store is suspect. The prompts that the Android operating system requires the user to approve when installing "unknown apps" certainly doesn't help with this impression.

Now, I absolutely love the Zapstore from nostr:npub1wf4pufsucer5va8g9p0rj5dnhvfeh6d8w0g6eayaep5dhps6rsgs43dgh9, but it doesn't do much to alleviate this issue. Users will still need to be convinced that it is safe to install the Zapstore from the GitHub repo, and then install Amber from there. Furthermore, this adds yet another step to the onboarding process.

Instead of:

• Install Amber
• Set up your keys
• Install the client you want to use
• Log in with Amber

The process becomes:

• Go to the Zapstore GitHub and download the latest version from the releases page.
• Install the APK you downloaded, allowing any prompt to install unknown apps.
• Open Zapstore and install Amber, allowing any prompt to install unknown apps again.
• Open Amber and set up your keys.
• Install the client you want to use
• Log in with Amber

An application as important as Amber for protecting users' private keys should be as readily available to the new user as possible. New users are the ones most prone to making mistakes that could compromise their private keys. Amber should be available to them in the Play Store.

UPDATE: As of version 3.2.8 released on 4/21/2025, the onboarding flow for Amber has been greatly improved! Now, when selecting to set up a new "account" the user is informed on the very next screen, "Your Nostr account is ready!" and given their public key/npub. The only field the user must fill in is their "nickname"/display name and hit "Continue."

From there the user is asked if they want Amber to automatically approve basic actions, or manually approve each app, and then they are shown a new Applications screen, with a prompt to create a backup of their account. This prompt persists until the user has done so.

As you can see, the user is also encouraged to find applications that can be used with Amber with links to nostrapps.com and the Zapstore.

Thanks to these updates, Amber is now the smoothest and most user-friendly onboarding experience I have seen for Nostr to date. Sure, it doesn't have anything for setting up a profile picture or lightning address, but that is better done in a client like Amethyst or YakiHonne, anyway. Just tap "create," type in a handle to call yourself, and you're done!

How do UI Look?

Score: 4.5 / 5

Amber's UI can be described as clean but utilitarian. But then, Amber is a tool, so this is somewhat expected. It is not an app you will be spending a lot of time in, so the UI just needs to be serviceable. I would say it accomplishes this and then some. UI elements are generally easy to understand what they do, and page headings fill in the gaps where that is not the case.

I am not the biggest fan of the color-scheme, particularly in light-mode, but it is not bad in dark-mode at all, and Amber follows whatever theme you have set for your device in that respect. Additionally, the color choice does make sense given the application's name.

It must also be taken into consideration that Amber is almost entirely the product of a single developer's work. He has done a great job producing an app that is not only useful, but pleasant to interact with. The same cannot be said for most utility apps I have previously used, with interfaces that clearly made good design the lowest priority. While Amber's UI may not be the most beautiful Nostr app I have seen, design was clearly not an afterthought, either, and it is appreciated.

Relay Management

Score: 4.9 / 5

Even though Amber is not a Nostr client, where users can browse notes from their favorite npubs, it still relies heavily on relays for some of its features. Primarily, it uses relays for communicating with other Nostr apps for remote signing requests. However, it also uses relays to fetch profile data, so that each private key you add to Amber will automatically load your chosen username and profile picture.

In the relay settings, users can choose which relays are being used to fetch profile data, and which relays will be used by default when creating new remote signing connection strings.

The user can also see which relays are currently connected to Amber and even look at the information that has been passed back and forth on each of those active relays. This information about actively connected relays is not only available within the application, but also in the notification that Amber has to keep in your device's notification tray in order to continue to operate in the background while you are using other apps.

Optionality is the name of the game when it comes to how Amber handles relay selection. The user can just stick with the default signing relay, use their own relay as the default, or even use a different relay for each Nostr application that they connect to for remote signing. Amber gives the user an incredible amount of flexibility in this regard.

In addition to all of this, because not all relays accept the event types needed for remote signing, when you add a relay address to Amber, it automatically tests that relay to see if it will work. This alone can be a massive time saver, so users aren't trying to use relays that don't support remote signing and wondering why they can't log into noStrudel with the connection string they got from Amber.

The only way I could see relay management being improved would be some means of giving the user relay recommendations, in case they want to use a relay other than relay.nsec.app, but they aren't sure which other relays will accept remote signing events. That said, most users who want to use a different relay for signing remote events will likely be using their own, in which case recommendations aren't needed.

Current Users' Questions

The AskNostr hashtag can be a good indication of the pain points that other users are currently having with any Nostr application. Here are some of the most common questions submitted about Amber in the last two months.

nostr:nevent1qqsfrdr68fafgcvl8dgnhm9hxpsjxuks78afxhu8yewhtyf3d7mkg9gpzemhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgq3qkgh77xxt7hhtt4u528hecnx69rhagla8jj3tclgyf9wvkxa6dc0sxp0e6m

This is a good example of Amber working correctly, but the app the user is trying to log into not working. In my experience with #Olas in particular, it sometimes allows remote signer login, and sometimes doesn't. Amber will receive the signing request and I will approve it, but Olas remains on the login screen.

If Amber is receiving the signing requests, and you are approving them, the fault is likely with the application you are trying to log into.

That's it. That's all the repeated questions I could find. Oh, there were a few one-off questions where relay.nsec.app wouldn't connect, or where the user's out-of-date web browser was the issue. Outside of that, though, there were no common questions about how to use Amber, and that is a testament to Amber's ease of use all on its own.

Wrap Up

If you are on Android and you are not already using Amber to protect your nsec, please do yourself a favor and get it installed. It's not at all complicated to set up, and it will make trying out all the latest Nostr clients a safe and pleasant experience.

If you are a client developer and you have not added support for NIP-55 or NIP-46, do your users the courtesy of respecting the sanctity of their private keys. Even developers who have no intention of compromising their users' keys can inadvertently do so. Make that eventuality impossible by adding support for NIP-55 and NIP-46 signing.

Finally, I apologize for the extended time it took me to get this review finished. The time I have available is scarce, Nostr is distracting, and nostr:npub1w4uswmv6lu9yel005l3qgheysmr7tk9uvwluddznju3nuxalevvs2d0jr5 kept improving Amber even as I was putting it through its paces over the last two months. Keep shipping, my friend! You have made one of the most useful tools we have seen for Nostr to date!

Now... What should I review next?

@ d9e9fb27:d5fe5e1a

"There are two pillars in Costa Rica, education and coffee." A tourist guide I met told me this, and during the trip I discovered the strong link between coffee and the locals.

In fact, coffee runs very deeply in the Ticos' culture. So deep that the summer vacations from school (November to January) coincide with the coffee collection season. Children had to help their parents with the coffee. Coffee was a family business.

Monteverde, in the region of Puentarenas, is one of those places where coffee ha always been a corner stone of the society. Here, My gf and I went to visit a coffee plantation and discovered how coffee is made.

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Monteverde

Monteverde is a well-known turistic location in the central part of Costa Rica. Many people reach this beautiful place to visit the famous Cloud Rainforest, acres and acres of pristine forest, with many different kind of animals and plants living in it.

However, other than tourism is coffee that pushes the economy of this place. The hills around the town are covered with coffee plantations and there are tours than try to explain how coffee is made.

Coffee Tours

While we were in Monteverde, we joined one of these tours. We decided to give credit to a smaller plantation instead of the super turistic ones. A more rustic and family-owned business, El Pueblo Coffee Tour. We were not disappointed. We had the show all to ourselves, a super-prepared guide and all the time to make questions and enjoy with no rush.

The Plant of Coffee

Since Costa Rica is a quite small country, to compete on the market producers decided to bet on quality instead of quantity. That's why, the only type produced here is the Arabica.

Before the coffee bean, the plant produces a nice white flower, similar to the jasmine.

After a while, the coffee beans appear.

As soon as they turn red, they are ready to be collected.

Interesting fact: between the coffee plants many fruit trees like mangos or bananos can be found. In fact, those plants help keep the soil fertile and healthy, thus leading to a higher coffee quality!

Coffee Harvesting

Coffee is still harvested by hand. Beans do not get mature at the same time, so manual labor is needed. Laborer use a very simple tool to collect coffee, one which allow them to have both hands free.

Workers do not get paid by hours, but by the number of cajuelas that they can fill. A cajuela is a standard box, which contains around 13kg of beans. It's divided into quarters, so that the worker can get paid for the quarter, too.

Each cajuela is paid around 3.50$.

Coffee Drying

In the farm we visited, drying was perfomed naturally, through the heat of the sun. There are three ways in which the bean is left to dry: lavado, miel and naturàl.

• Lavado: The beans are peeled and washed to remove the jelly.

- Miel: The jelly on the beans is maintained to give it more sweet flavour.

- Naturàl: The bean is left to dry with its peel on, to give it a more fruity taste.

Back in the days, to peel the beans for the lavado and the miel variety, the pìlon was used. The bean is very hard, thus this tool does not damage it.

However, today the peeling procedure is done using a machine.

Coffee Roasting

The last step in the production of coffee is roasting. Coffee is put inside a sort of hoven, and is left there at high temperature according to the level of roasting that is needed. The more roasting, the less caffeine there is and the more bitter the coffee. Usually you have light, medium and dark roast.

Coffee Tasting

In the end, we also had a coffee tasting. We tried different roasting and different varieties.

Our guide explained us the best way to taste coffee and helped us defining the different flavours that we perceived. He also taught us the best way to prepare it: infusion time, water temperature, coffe makers and so on.

My favorite one was the dark one, while my gf enjoyed the light roast more. Of course, we bought some packs of these varieties!

---

Thanks for tuning in!

I hope you enjoyed this brief overview of the Costa Rican coffee.

Pura Vida

Tuma

@ 812cff5a:5c40aeeb

يوم جديد وتطبيق نوستر جديد

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أكتب هذا المقال من داخل نفس التطبيق اللي براجعه—يعني بختبر وبوثق التجربة في نفس الوقت، حرفياً!

الهدف من تطبيق أنتايپ

untyp| هو تطبيق مخصص للمنشورات الطويلة على بروتوكول نوستر. فكرته بسيطة جداً، لكنها عبقرية: إزالة كل الحواجز بينك وبين أفكارك، بحيث تقدر تكتب بحرية وسلاسة، كأنك بتكتب على ورقة فاضية... بس رقمية.

المزاية.. آو يمكن الميزة الوحيدة

ميزة التطبيق الأساسية هي دعمه الكامل لتنسيق Markdown، وهذا يعطيك مرونة هائلة في عرض أفكارك بشكل منظم وواضح—عناوين، روابط، كود، اقتباسات، وكل شيء بينهما.

الفكرة مو بس في المزايا، بل في الحد من المشتتات. التصميم بسيط وأنيق، بدون أي زوائد أو إعلانات، مما يساعدك تركز على الكتابة فقط.

untyp| مش بس وسيلة للنشر، بل أداة بتخليك أقرب لأفكارك، وأسرع في التعبير عنها.

جربته؟ قول لي رأيك. مطور التطبيق هو كارنج: nostr:npub1r0rs5q2gk0e3dk3nlc7gnu378ec6cnlenqp8a3cjhyzu6f8k5sgs4sq9ac

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

ก่อนที่จะมูฟออนจากเทคนิคการสร้าง เรามาดูเรื่องสำคัญครับ

วันที่ไม่มีวัว แต่มีเวย์โปรตีน – เบื้องหลังเทคโนโลยีที่เปลี่ยนถังหมักให้กลายเป็นเต้านมวัว เคยมีคำถามไหมว่า “เวย์โปรตีน” ที่กินตอนออกกำลังกาย หรือโยเกิร์ตถ้วยโปรดที่ซื้อมาจากร้านใกล้บ้าน มันยังมาจากนมวัวอยู่ไหม? ถ้าคำตอบคือ “ไม่” แล้วมันมาจากไหน?

ยินดีต้อนรับสู่โลกของ Perfect Day บริษัทที่บอกว่า "เราสร้างเวย์โปรตีนได้ โดยไม่ต้องใช้วัวเลยแม้แต่นิดเดียว” ฟังดูเหมือนมายากล แต่นี่คือวิทยาศาสตร์ขั้นสูงที่ผูกสูตรไว้กับ DNA, จุลินทรีย์ และการหมักอย่างแยบยล

ขั้นตอนที่ 1: หารหัสโปรตีนจากแม่วัว เริ่มต้นจากคำถามง่าย ๆ ว่า “โปรตีนเวย์ที่อยู่ในน้ำนมวัว คืออะไร?” คำตอบคือ เบต้า-แลคโตโกลบูลิน (Beta-lactoglobulin) ซึ่งเป็นโปรตีนหลักในเวย์ประมาณ 50-55% โดยในธรรมชาติ วัวจะสร้างโปรตีนนี้จาก รหัสพันธุกรรมใน DNA ของมัน Perfect Day จึงไปค้นหา ลำดับเบส (DNA sequence) ของโปรตีนนี้จากฐานข้อมูลวิทยาศาสตร์ชื่อ UniProt (Universal Protein Resource) ซึ่งเก็บรหัสโปรตีนของสิ่งมีชีวิตแทบทุกชนิดไว้ครบถ้วน ได้รหัสมาแล้ว ก็เตรียมเข้าสู่ภารกิจ “หลอกจุลินทรีย์ให้สร้างโปรตีนแทนวัว”

ขั้นตอนที่ 2: สร้างแผ่นดีเอ็นเอสังเคราะห์ รหัส DNA ที่ได้จาก UniProt จะถูกนำไปสร้างเป็น DNA สังเคราะห์ โดยนักชีววิทยาจะออกแบบให้เหมาะสมกับการทำงานในเซลล์ของจุลินทรีย์ ไม่ใช่เซลล์วัว จะเรียกว่านี่คือ “การดัดแปลงบทละครชีวิตของวัว แล้วส่งให้จุลินทรีย์เล่นแทน” ก็ไม่ผิด DNA ที่ออกแบบนี้ มักจะมาพร้อมกับเครื่องมือบางอย่าง เช่น ตัวกระตุ้นการทำงานของยีน (promoter) หรือ ตัวตัดต่อยีน ที่จะทำให้จุลินทรีย์ยอมรับและใช้มันได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ

ขั้นตอนที่ 3: ปลอมตัวแทรกเข้าไปในจุลินทรีย์ จุลินทรีย์ที่ Perfect Day ใช้คือกลุ่มที่เรียกว่า Microflora ซึ่งอาจเป็นยีสต์, เชื้อรา, หรือแบคทีเรียชนิดที่เลี้ยงง่าย แต่มันจะไม่ยอมรับ DNA แปลกปลอมง่าย ๆ ดังนั้นต้องมี “เทคนิคหลอกล่อ” นิดหน่อย เขาจะทำให้ DNA ของจุลินทรีย์ เสียหายตรงจุดหนึ่ง แล้วแอบแนบ DNA ปลอม (ที่มีรหัสโปรตีนของวัว) เข้าไปซ่อมแซมจุดนั้นพอดีเป๊ะ แบบ “จิ๊กซอว์พอดีช่อง” แล้วจุลินทรีย์ก็จะเผลอรับ DNA แปลกปลอมนี้เข้าร่าง เมื่อติดตั้งสำเร็จ มันจะเริ่มแปลรหัสและ “ผลิตโปรตีนเวย์” ออกมาเหมือนกับแม่วัวตัวจริงไม่มีผิด

ขั้นตอนที่ 4: เลี้ยงจุลินทรีย์ในถังหมัก ตอนนี้จุลินทรีย์กลายเป็น “แม่วัวในร่างเซลล์เดียว” แล้ว Perfect Day ก็แค่เลี้ยงมันใน ถังหมักชีวภาพ (fermentor) ที่ควบคุมอุณหภูมิ ค่าความเป็นกรดด่าง อากาศ และใส่น้ำตาลลงไปเป็นอาหาร จุลินทรีย์จะกินน้ำตาลแล้วเปลี่ยนเป็น เวย์โปรตีน ปล่อยออกมานอกเซลล์ จากนั้นก็เก็บเอาน้ำที่มีโปรตีนนี้ ไปผ่านกระบวนการกรอง แยก แปรรูป และทำให้แห้ง เป็นผงเวย์โปรตีน พร้อมใช้ในอาหารหรือเครื่องดื่มต่าง ๆ

ขั้นตอนที่ 5: ตรวจสอบความเหมือนจริง ก่อนนำเวย์โปรตีนที่ได้ไปใช้งาน บริษัทต้อง ตรวจสอบระดับโมเลกุล ว่าโปรตีนที่ได้เหมือนกับของวัวจริง ๆ ไหม? สิ่งที่ต้องดูคือ โครงสร้างโปรตีน: ใช้เทคนิค mass spectrometry ตรวจความแม่นยำระดับกรดอะมิโน พฤติกรรมทางชีวเคมี เช่น ความสามารถในการจับกับน้ำ การเกิดฟอง หรือการละลาย ความปลอดภัย ตรวจหาสารปนเปื้อน สารก่อภูมิแพ้ หรือสารที่ไม่ได้ตั้งใจให้มี Perfect Day เคลมว่าทั้งหมดนี้ปลอดภัย และได้รับการรับรองจาก FDA ว่าเป็น GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe)

แล้วเราควรรู้สึกยังไง? นี่คือ “นมที่ไม่มีวัว” แต่มีเวย์โปรตีนครบสูตร ทำให้โยเกิร์ต ไอศกรีม และแม้กระทั่งกาแฟลาเต้ที่ไม่มีนมวัว แต่ยังมีฟองนมหนานุ่ม กลายเป็นจริงได้แบบไม่ต้องพึ่งวัวเลยแม้แต่นิดเดียว แต่คำถามที่ลึกกว่านั้นคือ... เรายังได้กินอาหารจากธรรมชาติอยู่หรือเปล่า? หรือกำลังอยู่ในยุคที่ “ชีวิต” ถูกตัดออกจากอาหาร โดยสิ้นเชิง? เทคโนโลยีนี้อาจช่วยโลกในมุมของ ESG แต่สำหรับบางคน มันคือ ทางแยกของความจริงกับของจำลอง คำว่า “Perfect” จึงอาจขึ้นอยู่กับว่า… สมบูรณ์แบบในสายตาใคร?

แล้วคำถามที่ล่องลอยอยู่เสมอคือ เมื่อทางเลือกกลายเป็นทางหลัก แล้วเราจะเหลือทางไหนอีกบ้าง หรือจะเป็น...ทางตัน? #pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก

@ 401014b3:59d5476b

About Me

I come to Nostr with extensive experience in the digital landscape. As a blockchain native since 2017, I've witnessed the evolution of decentralized technologies firsthand. Most of my professional career has been spent working within big tech companies, giving me a unique perspective on both centralized and decentralized systems.

My social media journey began on Twitter in 2007, where I've maintained a presence for over 17 years. I've also explored other decentralized social platforms including BlueSky, Farcaster, and Lens Protocol. As a Bitcoin maximalist, I was particularly intrigued by Nostr's compatibility with the Lightning Network, which initially drew me to the platform.

The Onboarding Challenge

The Nostr onboarding experience presents a significant hurdle for newcomers. Despite my technical background in blockchain technologies, I found the initial setup process more complicated than expected. Understanding public/private key cryptography just to join a social network creates a steeper learning curve than necessary.

BlueSky and Farcaster have demonstrated that it's possible to maintain decentralized principles while providing a more streamlined onboarding experience. Their approaches show that user-friendly design and decentralization aren't mutually exclusive concepts.

Relay Management: Room for Improvement

The concept of relays represents one of Nostr's most distinctive features, though it can be confusing for newcomers. While many clients come pre-configured with default relays, users eventually encounter situations where content or connections seem inconsistent.

When someone I've interacted with doesn't appear in my feed or doesn't respond, I'm often left wondering if we're simply on different relays. This uncertainty creates friction that doesn't exist on other platforms where connectivity is handled behind the scenes.

The relay system introduces a layer of complexity that, while important to Nostr's architecture, could benefit from better abstraction in the user experience. When using BlueSky or Farcaster, I don't need to think about the underlying infrastructure, something Nostr could learn from while maintaining its decentralized principles.

The Zap Economy: Growing Pains

The Lightning-powered zap system shows tremendous potential, but I've observed some concerning economic patterns. Longer-term Nostr users have expressed frustration about continuously sending zaps while seeing limited growth in the overall ecosystem.

Interestingly, there appears to be a connection between this liquidity issue and community growth dynamics. Some established users who voice concerns about bearing the financial burden of the zapping economy are simultaneously less welcoming to newer accounts, rarely following, engaging with, or zapping newcomers.

This creates a challenging environment for new users, who face a cold reception and have little incentive to load their Lightning wallets or participate in the zap economy. Why bring fresh liquidity to a platform where established users rarely engage with your content? This dynamic has limited the expansion of the ecosystem, with the same sats often circulating among established users rather than growing with new participants.

Client Diversity: Strength and Challenge

Nostr's multiple client options offer users choice, which is valuable. However, the implementation of NIPs (Nostr Implementation Possibilities) varies across clients, creating inconsistent experiences. Features that work seamlessly in one client might be implemented differently in another.

This extends to fundamental aspects like search functionality, thread navigation, and notification systems, all of which can differ significantly between clients. For users accustomed to consistent experiences, this fragmentation creates a learning curve with each new client they try.

Lightning Integration: Varying Experiences

The Lightning Network integration varies in quality and user experience across Nostr clients. While the functionality is generally present, the implementation quality, feature set, and ease of use differ depending on which client you choose.

This inconsistency means users may need to experiment with several clients to find one that provides the Lightning experience they're looking for, rather than having a consistent experience across the ecosystem.

Finding Balance

Nostr appears to be navigating the challenge of balancing technical innovation with user experience. While its cryptographic foundation and decentralized architecture are impressive technical achievements, these same strengths sometimes come at the cost of accessibility.

Despite my technical background and interest in decentralized technologies, I find myself using BlueSky and Farcaster more frequently for daily social interactions, while checking Nostr less often. For Nostr to achieve its potential for broader adoption, addressing these user experience considerations while maintaining its core principles will be essential.

The platform has tremendous potential with improvements to user experience, community dynamics, and economic sustainability, Nostr could evolve from a fascinating technical experiment into a truly compelling alternative to mainstream social media.

@ df478568:2a951e67

Testing

Untype.app

@ d41bf82f:ed90d888

"ประวัติศาสตร์ก็เฉกเช่นธรรมชาติ — การเกิดและการตายล้วนดำเนินไปอย่างสมดุล" -โยฮัน ฮุยซิงกา3

การเสื่อมถอยของโลกยุคใหม่

พวกเรากำลังอยู่ในช่วงปลายของสิ่งที่เรียกว่า “ยุคใหม่” — ระบบโลกที่ถูกจัดระเบียบผ่านรัฐชาติอันรวมศูนย์ ซึ่งเคยพาเราผ่านยุคอุตสาหกรรม สงครามโลก และการสร้างโครงสร้างทางสังคมที่เข้มแข็งด้วยภาษี สวัสดิการ และระบบราชการ แต่ยุคนี้กำลังเคลื่อนเข้าสู่ฉากสุดท้ายของมันอย่างเงียบงัน โดยไม่มีใครในกระแสหลักพูดถึงอย่างจริงจัง และสิ่งที่กำลังมาแทนที่ก็จะแตกต่างอย่างสิ้นเชิงในเชิงคุณภาพจากโลกที่เราคุ้นเคย

เช่นเดียวกับที่สังคมเกษตรกรรมเคยมาแทนที่สังคมสัตว์-หาของป่า และระบบอุตสาหกรรมเคยมาแทนระบบศักดินา สังคมใหม่ที่กำลังปรากฏขึ้นจะเป็นการเปลี่ยนผ่านครั้งใหญ่ โดยในยุคใหม่นี้ “ประสิทธิภาพ” จะไม่ผูกติดกับ “ขนาด” อีกต่อไป อำนาจแบบรวมศูนย์ของรัฐจะถูกสั่นคลอน และระบบใหม่จะเกิดขึ้นซึ่งเล็กกว่า คล่องตัวกว่า และยากที่รัฐแบบเดิมจะควบคุม

นักประวัติศาสตร์ในอนาคตอาจมองว่าการล่มสลายของสหภาพโซเวียตในปี 1991 หรือการพังทลายของกำแพงเบอร์ลินในปี 1989 คือจุดสิ้นสุดของยุคสมัยนี้ และเปิดฉากสู่สิ่งใหม่ — บ้างเรียกมันว่ายุคหลังสมัยใหม่ บ้างว่าโลกไซเบอร์ หรือสังคมสารสนเทศ ไม่ว่าจะตั้งชื่ออย่างไร สิ่งที่ทุกคนยอมรับคือมันคือ "โลกใบใหม่" ที่แตกต่างอย่างถึงแก่นจากโลกเดิม

ความเข้าใจของมนุษย์ต่อการเปลี่ยนแปลงใหญ่ระดับอารยธรรมมักมาช้า เพราะขาดกรอบความคิดและภาษาที่จะมองเห็นมันได้ในขณะที่มันเกิดขึ้นจริง ยกตัวอย่างเช่น ไม่มีใครในยุคศักดินาคิดว่าตนเองอยู่ใน “ยุคกลาง” จนกระทั่งยุคใหม่เข้ามาเปรียบเทียบ ในทำนองเดียวกัน พวกเราทุกวันนี้ก็อาจไม่รู้ตัวว่าเรากำลังอยู่ในช่วงสิ้นสุดของยุคหนึ่ง และจุดเริ่มต้นของอีกยุคหนึ่ง

ระบบสังคมใดก็ตามมักฝังข้อสันนิษฐานโดยปริยายว่าระบบของตนคือสิ่งสูงสุด เป็นสิ่งที่ไม่มีวันเปลี่ยน และไม่ควรถูกตั้งคำถาม การตั้งคำถามถึงความอยู่รอดของระบบ จึงเป็นเรื่องที่ถูกกีดกันโดยไม่รู้ตัว เพราะยิ่งระบบใกล้ล่มสลายเท่าไร มันก็ยิ่งต้องพยายามปกปิดไม่ให้ใครรับรู้ถึงความเปราะบางของมัน

ตัวอย่างจากประวัติศาสตร์เช่น การล่มสลายของจักรวรรดิโรมันใน ค.ศ. 476 ก็ไม่ได้รับการรับรู้ว่าเป็น “จุดจบ” ในเวลานั้น แม้เมื่อจักรพรรดิองค์สุดท้าย(โรมุลุส เอากุสตุส)ถูกปลด แต่ผู้คนและโครงสร้างเดิมของโรมันก็ยังคงแสร้งทำว่าทุกอย่างดำเนินไปตามปกติ รูปแบบของรัฐบาลเก่ายังคงถูกรักษาไว้ พิธีกรรมในระบบเดิมยังคงจัดขึ้น วุฒิสภายังคงประชุม กงสุลยังได้รับการแต่งตั้ง และระบบราชการก็ยังคงอยู่เกือบครบถ้วน พวกป่าเถื่อนที่เข้ามาปกครองก็ยังแสดงตนว่าให้ความเคารพต่อจักรวรรดิไบแซนไทน์และกฎหมายโรมัน ศาสนาคริสต์ยังคงดำรงเป็นศาสนาประจำรัฐ เครื่องราชสัญลักษณ์ยังถูกใช้ในพิธีสาธารณะ ทั้งหมดนี้เป็นฉากหน้าของการพยายามรักษาภาพความต่อเนื่องในขณะที่แก่นของอำนาจได้เปลี่ยนไปแล้วโดยสิ้นเชิง

ประวัติศาสตร์ช่วงนี้สอนให้เห็นว่า การเปลี่ยนแปลงใหญ่ในระดับอารยธรรมมักถูกซ่อนเร้นอยู่ภายใต้ความเฉื่อยของสังคมที่ไม่ยอมรับความเป็นจริง คนในยุคนั้นไม่ได้รู้สึกว่าโรมล่มสลายไปแล้ว พวกเขาเพียงรู้สึกว่าชีวิตยังดำเนินต่อไปได้ แม้ภายใต้ระเบียบใหม่ที่ซ้อนทับเข้ามาโดยไม่ได้ประกาศตนอย่างเป็นทางการ ความเปลี่ยนแปลงที่แท้จริงจึงไม่ใช่เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นในวันใดวันหนึ่ง แต่เป็นกระบวนการค่อยเป็นค่อยไปที่อาศัยแรงเฉื่อยของความเชื่อเก่าว่าสิ่งต่างๆ “ยังเหมือนเดิม”

ผู้เขียนใช้ตัวอย่างนี้เพื่อสะท้อนมาสู่โลกปัจจุบันว่า แม้ตัวอย่างโรมจะดูไกลตัว แต่ก็มีลักษณะใกล้เคียงกับสิ่งที่เรากำลังเผชิญอยู่ ระบบรัฐชาติสมัยใหม่ก็อาจกำลังเข้าสู่ภาวะเสื่อมถอยโดยที่คนส่วนใหญ่ยังไม่รู้ตัวเช่นเดียวกัน หนังสือเล่มนี้จึงไม่ได้ตั้งต้นจากการคาดเดาอนาคตอย่างลอย ๆ หากแต่เสนอว่า เราจะเข้าใจอนาคตได้ดีขึ้น ถ้าเริ่มจากการเรียนรู้กระบวนการเปลี่ยนผ่านในอดีต โดยเฉพาะพลวัตทางการเมืองและตรรกะของอำนาจ

จุดเปลี่ยนของโรมันไม่เพียงแต่แสดงให้เห็นการล่มสลายของรัฐรวมศูนย์ แต่ยังเผยให้เห็นว่าการล่มสลายนั้นสามารถเปิดทางให้กิจกรรมทางเศรษฐกิจในท้องถิ่นเบ่งบานขึ้นได้ ในยุคของเรา แม้สาเหตุจะต่างกัน — โรมล่มเพราะขยายเกินตัว เศรษฐกิจเกษตรกรรมไม่สามารถรองรับภาระรัฐ การเก็บภาษีที่หนักหนาและทหารที่ใช้อำนาจในทางมิชอบ — แต่สิ่งที่คล้ายกันคือ การไม่ยอมรับต่อการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่กำลังก่อตัว

เรายังเห็นการเปรียบเทียบถึงผลกระทบจากโรคระบาดในอดีต เช่น โรคฝีดาษที่ทำให้โรมอ่อนแอลง เช่นเดียวกับความกังวลเรื่องไวรัสกลายพันธุ์ในยุคปัจจุบัน ที่บ่งชี้ถึงความเปราะบางของโครงสร้างสังคม แม้รูปแบบของภัยคุกคามจะต่างกัน แต่สิ่งที่เหมือนกันคือ “ความไม่พร้อมของระบบ” ที่จะรับมือกับความเปลี่ยนแปลงใหญ่

แต่สิ่งสำคัญที่สุดที่ผู้เขียนต้องการชี้ ไม่ใช่แค่สาเหตุของการล่มสลาย แต่คือความจริงที่ว่า ผู้คนในยุคนั้น “ไม่เห็น” ว่าตนเองอยู่ในจุดเปลี่ยน เพราะแรงเฉื่อยทางความคิดและการเมืองทำให้พวกเขายึดมั่นในสิ่งที่เคยรู้จัก โดยไม่รู้เลยว่าโลกได้เคลื่อนเข้าสู่ระยะใหม่แล้ว และเราทุกวันนี้ก็อาจกำลังทำเช่นเดียวกัน

เรากำลังอยู่ในช่วงเวลาที่ไมโครโปรเซสเซอร์ เทคโนโลยีดิจิทัล และโครงสร้างไร้ศูนย์กลางจะเปลี่ยนกฎเกณฑ์ของอำนาจอย่างรุนแรง แต่ผู้คนกลับพยายามตีความสิ่งเหล่านี้ผ่านเลนส์ของโครงสร้างอุตสาหกรรมแบบเดิม ซึ่งอาจทำให้พลาดโอกาสที่จะเข้าใจการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่แท้จริง

ผู้เขียนเตือนว่าแม้บางหนังสือว่าด้วยอนาคตจะเต็มไปด้วยข้อมูล แต่กลับพาเราเข้าใจผิด เพราะยังยึดติดอยู่กับกรอบคิดเดิม เช่น การเชื่อว่ามนุษย์สามารถควบคุมทิศทางประวัติศาสตร์ได้เสมอ ทั้งที่ในความจริงแล้ว ปัจจัยที่ขับเคลื่อนการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางประวัติศาสตร์นั้น มักเป็นเงื่อนไขพื้นฐานที่มนุษย์ควบคุมไม่ได้ และไม่ได้อยู่ในความสนใจของการเมืองกระแสหลัก

มนุษย์มักไม่เปลี่ยนแปลงเพราะ “ต้องการเปลี่ยน” แต่เพราะ “ไม่เปลี่ยนไม่ได้แล้ว” และการเปลี่ยนแปลงเหล่านั้นมักเกิดสวนทางกับความต้องการของคนส่วนใหญ่ที่อยากรักษาสถานะเดิม

ชีวิตที่ขาดวิสัยทัศน์

ความไม่ตระหนักถึงการเปลี่ยนแปลงอันยิ่งใหญ่ที่กำลังก่อตัวขึ้นรอบตัวเรา อาจไม่ได้เกิดจากความไม่รู้ แต่เพราะเราลึกๆ แล้ว “ไม่อยากเห็น” ความเปลี่ยนแปลงนั้นเอง ความต้านทานนี้ไม่ใช่เรื่องใหม่ บรรพบุรุษของเราที่ดำรงชีพด้วยการล่าสัตว์และหาของป่าก็อาจเคยดื้อรั้นไม่ต่างกัน เพียงแต่พวกเขามีข้อแก้ตัวที่ฟังขึ้นมากกว่า เพราะในยุคก่อนประวัติศาสตร์ ไม่มีใครอาจคาดเดาว่า “การปฏิวัติการเกษตร” จะเปลี่ยนโลกไปในระดับใด พวกเขาไม่มีปฏิทิน ไม่มีการบันทึก ไม่มีแบบจำลองใดจากอดีตให้ใช้ทำนายอนาคต แม้แต่แนวคิดเรื่อง “เวลา” ก็ยังไม่มีอยู่ในจิตสำนึก พวกเขาใช้ชีวิตอยู่ใน “ปัจจุบันที่ไม่สิ้นสุด” และเมื่อพูดถึงการคาดการณ์อนาคต พวกเขาก็เป็นเหมือน “คนตาบอด” ที่ยังไม่เคยลิ้มรส “ผลไม้แห่งความรู้” (ตามคำเปรียบในพระคัมภีร์) แต่ต่างจากพวกเขา พวกเราในวันนี้มีเครื่องมือและมุมมองที่ลึกซึ้งกว่า จากองค์ความรู้ของบรรพบุรุษกว่าสี่ห้าร้อยรุ่น วิทยาศาสตร์ คณิตศาสตร์ และอัลกอริธึมของคอมพิวเตอร์ความเร็วสูง ช่วยให้เราทำความเข้าใจระบบที่ซับซ้อนอย่างเศรษฐกิจมนุษย์และพลวัตของสังคมได้ดียิ่งขึ้น แม้ทฤษฎีเศรษฐศาสตร์จะไม่สามารถอธิบายพฤติกรรมมนุษย์ได้แบบสมบูรณ์ แต่ก็ทำให้เราเข้าใจว่า “แรงจูงใจ” คือแรงผลักดันสำคัญ เมื่อผลตอบแทนสูงขึ้น หรือความเสี่ยงต่ำลง พฤติกรรมย่อมเกิดขึ้นถี่ขึ้น และนี่คือหลักการที่แม่นยำอย่างยิ่งในการวิเคราะห์อนาคต

แรงจูงใจนี้เองที่เป็นหัวใจของการพยากรณ์ และการพยากรณ์ที่ดีไม่ได้ขึ้นกับการรู้เหตุการณ์ล่วงหน้าแบบเฉพาะเจาะจง แต่ขึ้นอยู่กับการเข้าใจโครงสร้างของแรงขับเคลื่อน เช่นเดียวกับที่เราอาจไม่รู้ว่าเมื่อไรเสียงฟ้าร้องจะดังขึ้น แต่เมื่อเห็นฟ้าแลบ ก็สามารถคาดหมายได้ว่าจะมีเสียงตามมา เช่นกัน หากเราสามารถเข้าใจ “ตรรกะของความรุนแรง” ที่กำลังเปลี่ยนไปในระดับการเมืองมหภาคได้ เราก็จะมองเห็น “โอกาส” หรือ “ช่องโหว่” ของระเบียบเดิม และใครจะเป็นผู้ฉวยโอกาสเหล่านั้น

การเปลี่ยนแปลงครั้งใหญ่ในอดีต เช่น การปฏิวัติการเกษตร หรือการเข้าสู่ยุคอุตสาหกรรม ล้วนเกิดขึ้นช้าและกินเวลาหลายศตวรรษกว่าจะเผยผลเต็มที่ ในทางตรงกันข้าม การเปลี่ยนผ่านสู่ยุคสารสนเทศกลับเกิดขึ้นรวดเร็วเพียงช่วงชีวิตเดียว

ผู้เขียนวางกรอบเพื่อให้เราเข้าใจว่า การเปลี่ยนแปลงทางการเมืองมหภาคมักมาก่อนการเปลี่ยนแปลงในโครงสร้างของรัฐอย่างเป็นรูปธรรม รายได้ที่ลดลง วิกฤตที่เกิดจากทรัพยากรจำกัด และแรงกดดันจากประชากร ล้วนเป็นผลพลอยได้จากความไม่สามารถของระเบียบเดิมในการรองรับแรงกระแทกของโลกใหม่ และการพูดถึงการเปลี่ยนแปลงจาก “ภายนอกระบบ” มักถูกห้ามหรือมองว่าเป็นเรื่องต้องห้ามในทุกยุคทุกสมัย ยิ่งไปกว่านั้น การเปลี่ยนแปลงในระดับนี้มักก่อให้เกิดแรงปะทะทางวัฒนธรรมระหว่างผู้ที่ยึดมั่นในกรอบศีลธรรมดั้งเดิมกับผู้ที่เปิดรับแนวคิดใหม่ และไม่ใช่เรื่องแปลกที่การเปลี่ยนแปลงเช่นนี้จะไม่เป็นที่นิยม เพราะมันลดคุณค่าของทุนทางปัญญาเดิม ทำให้ระบบเก่าไร้ความหมาย และบีบบังคับให้สังคมต้องเรียนรู้ใหม่เกือบทั้งหมด โดยเฉพาะในกลุ่มคนที่ได้รับผลกระทบโดยตรง

สัญญาณของการเสื่อมถอยมักปรากฏในรูปของคอร์รัปชัน ความไร้ประสิทธิภาพ และการสูญเสียศีลธรรมของผู้มีอำนาจ ซึ่งมักเป็นสัญญาณล่วงหน้าของการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่หลีกเลี่ยงไม่ได้ ยิ่งในยุคที่เทคโนโลยีก้าวหน้าเร็วขึ้น กระบวนการเหล่านี้ก็จะยิ่งเร่งตัว จนทำให้เวลาที่เหลืออยู่สำหรับการปรับตัวลดลงเรื่อย ๆ

"เมื่อมองย้อนกลับไปตลอดหลายศตวรรษ — หรือแม้แต่แค่ในปัจจุบัน — เราจะเห็นได้อย่างชัดเจนว่า มีผู้คนจำนวนมากที่สร้างรายได้(บ่อยครั้งเป็นรายได้จำนวนมาก) จากทักษะในการใช้ความรุนแรงผ่านอาวุธ และกิจกรรมของพวกเขาเหล่านี้มีบทบาทอย่างสำคัญยิ่งในการกำหนดว่าทรัพยากรที่มีอยู่จำกัดในสังคมจะถูกจัดสรรไปในทิศทางใด." --เฟรเดอริก ซี. เลน

แนวคิดของการเมืองมหภาค(megapolitics) เป็นกรอบความคิดที่ทรงพลัง ซึ่งช่วยให้เรามองเห็นกลไกเบื้องหลังเหตุการณ์ที่ดูซับซ้อนหรือลึกลับในประวัติศาสตร์ ไม่ว่าจะเป็นเหตุผลที่บางรัฐบาลเจริญรุ่งเรือง ขณะที่บางแห่งกลับล่มสลาย เหตุใดสงครามจึงอุบัติขึ้น และเหตุใดฝ่ายหนึ่งจึงมีชัย หรือแม้กระทั่งว่าอะไรเป็นตัวแปรที่กำหนดวงจรแห่งความรุ่งเรืองและความตกต่ำทางเศรษฐกิจ ทั้งหมดล้วนสามารถอธิบายได้ผ่านเลนส์ของการเมืองมหภาค ซึ่งเน้นวิเคราะห์ว่า "ต้นทุนและผลตอบแทนของการใช้ความรุนแรง" เปลี่ยนไปอย่างไรในแต่ละบริบทของเวลา หากต้นทุนในการใช้อำนาจบังคับลดต่ำลง เช่น การเข้าถึงอาวุธที่ง่ายขึ้นและราคาถูกลง ก็ทำให้อำนาจเปลี่ยนมือได้ง่ายขึ้นตามไปด้วย หลักการนี้ยังคงใช้ได้ตั้งแต่ยุคโบราณจนถึงโลกยุคไซเบอร์สเปซในปัจจุบัน

ใน Part 2 เราจะมาดูกันว่ามีปัจจัยอะไรบ้างที่อยู่เบื้องหลังการเปลี่ยนแปลงครั้งใหญ่ในประวัติศาสตร์ to be continue....

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การวิเคราะห์และอธิบายแต่ละช่วงเวลา

$ 05.30 น. > ตื่นนอน 🌅 อาบน้ำ 🚿 และเตรียมตัว 👔 > การเริ่มต้นวันอย่างกระปรี้กระเปร่า 🎉 และการมีกิจวัตรส่วนตัวที่ผ่อนคลายเป็นสิ่งสำคัญในการเตรียมพร้อมทั้งร่างกายและจิตใจ 🧠 สำหรับการเทรด

$ 06.00 น. > ตรวจสอบข่าวสาร 📰 วิเคราะห์กราฟ 📈 และเตรียมตัว 🎯 > ช่วงเวลานี้เป็นหัวใจสำคัญของการเตรียมตัวก่อนตลาดเปิด ⏰ นักเทรดจะตรวจสอบข่าวเศรษฐกิจ 💰 และข่าวที่เกี่ยวข้องกับสินทรัพย์ที่ตนเองเทรด 🧐 วิเคราะห์กราฟเพื่อหาแนวโน้ม 🔭 และระดับราคาที่น่าสนใจ 📍 รวมถึงวางแผนกลยุทธ์การเทรดสำหรับวันนี้ ✍️

$ 06.30 น. > ตลาดเปิด 🔔 เริ่มทำการเทรด 🚀 > เมื่อตลาดเปิด นักเทรดจะเริ่มดำเนินการตามแผนที่วางไว้ 📝 โดยจะเฝ้าติดตามการเคลื่อนไหวของราคา 👀 และเข้าเทรดตามสัญญาณที่เกิดขึ้น 🚦

$ 12.00 น. > พักรับประทานอาหารกลางวัน 🥪 > การพักผ่อน 😌 และการเติมพลัง 💪 ในช่วงกลางวันเป็นสิ่งสำคัญในการรักษาความมีสมาธิ 🧘‍♀️ และความสามารถในการตัดสินใจที่ดี 👍

$ 12.45 น. > ปิดสถานะการเทรดทั้งหมด 🛑 > สำหรับ Day Trader การปิดสถานะทั้งหมดภายในวันถือเป็นกฎเหล็ก 🚫 เพื่อหลีกเลี่ยงความเสี่ยงจากความผันผวนข้ามคืน 🌙

$ 13.00 น. > ทบทวน 🤔 เรียนรู้ 📚 และปรับปรุง ⚙️ > หลังจากการเทรด นักเทรดที่ประสบความสำเร็จ 🎉 จะใช้เวลาในการทบทวนการเทรดของตนเอง 🧐 วิเคราะห์ว่าอะไรทำได้ดี 👍 และอะไรที่ต้องปรับปรุง 📝 การเรียนรู้อย่างต่อเนื่องเป็นกุญแจสำคัญสู่การพัฒนา 🚀

$ 14.00 น. > ออกกำลังกาย 💪 และพักผ่อน 🧘‍♀️ > การดูแลสุขภาพกาย 🍎 และใจ 💖 มีความสำคัญไม่ยิ่งหย่อนไปกว่าการเทรด 📈 การออกกำลังกายและการมีเวลาว่าง 🌴 ช่วยลดความเครียด 😥 และเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพในการเทรดในระยะยาว ✨

$ 17.00 น. > รับประทานอาหารเย็น 🍽️ และพักผ่อน 🛋️ > การมีเวลาพักผ่อนกับครอบครัว ❤️ หรือทำกิจกรรมที่ชอบ 😊 ช่วยให้ผ่อนคลาย 😌 และเตรียมพร้อมสำหรับวันต่อไป 🌅

$ 19.00 น. > วางแผนการเทรดสำหรับวันพรุ่งนี้ 🗓️ และตรวจสอบข่าวสาร 📰 > การวางแผนล่วงหน้า 🤓 ช่วยให้นักเทรดมีความพร้อม 💪 และสามารถตอบสนองต่อสถานการณ์ตลาดได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ 🚀

$ 22.00 น. > เข้านอน 😴 > การนอนหลับพักผ่อนอย่างเพียงพอ 🛌 เป็นสิ่งจำเป็นสำหรับการรักษาสุขภาพ 💖 และประสิทธิภาพในการเทรด 💪

สิ่งที่น่าสนใจและข้อคิด 🤔

$ ความมีระเบียบวินัย 💯 > ตารางนี้แสดงให้เห็นถึงความมีระเบียบวินัยที่เข้มงวด 📏 ซึ่งเป็นคุณสมบัติที่สำคัญของนักเทรดที่ประสบความสำเร็จ 🎉

$ การเตรียมตัวอย่างรอบคอบ 🧐 > การใช้เวลาในการวิเคราะห์ 📊 และวางแผน 📝 ก่อนตลาดเปิดช่วยลดการตัดสินใจที่ผิดพลาด 🚫 และเพิ่มโอกาสในการทำกำไร 💰

$ การเรียนรู้อย่างต่อเนื่อง 📚 > การทบทวน 🤔 และปรับปรุงกลยุทธ์ ⚙️ อยู่เสมอเป็นสิ่งสำคัญในการพัฒนาทักษะการเทรด 🚀

$ ความสมดุล ⚖️ > การให้ความสำคัญกับการดูแลสุขภาพ 🧘‍♀️ และการพักผ่อน 🌴 ควบคู่ไปกับการเทรด 📈 ช่วยป้องกันภาวะหมดไฟ 🔥 และรักษาประสิทธิภาพในระยะยาว ✨

การนำไปปรับใช้ 🛠️

เพื่อนๆ นักเทรดสามารถนำแนวคิดจากตารางนี้ไปปรับใช้กับกิจวัตรประจำวันของตนเองได้ 👍 โดยอาจไม่จำเป็นต้องทำตามทุกช่วงเวลาอย่างเคร่งครัด ⏰ แต่ให้เน้นที่หลักการสำคัญ เช่น การเตรียมตัวก่อนเทรด 🤓 การทบทวนหลังเทรด 🤔 และการดูแลสุขภาพ 🧘‍♀️ เพื่อสร้างสมดุล ⚖️ และเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพในการเทรดของเราค่ะ 💪

ขอให้ทุกท่านประสบความสำเร็จในการเทรดนะคะ! 💸🚀

#DayTrader #นักเทรดรายวัน #กิจวัตรประจำวัน #การลงทุน #เทรด #หุ้น #คริปโต #ตลาดหุ้น #แรงบันดาลใจ #พัฒนาตัวเอง #LinaEngword

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Helsinki, the stylish and compact capital of Finland, sits right on the edge of the Baltic Sea, blending Scandinavian design, sustainable living, and a love for nature. It’s a city of clean lines, calm energy, and a creative spirit—where you can go from a seaside sauna to a sleek design museum in minutes.

🧭 Top Things to Do in Helsinki

⛪ Helsinki Cathedral

• The city’s iconic white-domed landmark, perched on Senate Square
• Climb the steps for sweeping views over the city’s neoclassical heart

🏝️ Suomenlinna Sea Fortress

• A UNESCO World Heritage Site spread across several islands
• Explore old ramparts, tunnels, museums, and scenic picnic spots
• A short ferry ride from the city center, perfect for a half-day trip

🧊 Löyly Sauna

• One of Helsinki’s most famous public saunas, right on the waterfront
• Relax in the heat, then dip in the Baltic like a local
• Beautiful architecture and a must-do cultural experience

🏛️ Design District & Museums

• Wander the Design District for boutique shops, galleries, and Finnish fashion
• Visit the Design Museum, Kiasma (contemporary art), and Ateneum (classic Finnish art)

🌲 Nature + Nordic Calm

• Walk along the Esplanadi park or relax in Kaivopuisto by the sea
• Take a boat to the nearby archipelago islands for hiking, birdwatching, or quiet cafés
• Even in winter, the city feels clean, serene, and cozy

☕ Food, Coffee & Nordic Flavors

• Try karjalanpiirakka (Karelian pies), salmon soup, or reindeer meat if you’re adventurous
• Helsinki has a big coffee culture—Finns drink more coffee per capita than anyone!
• Cozy up in a café with a cinnamon pulla and watch the snow fall (or the summer sun glow at midnight)

🚲 Getting Around

• Easy to explore by foot, tram, or city bikes
• Excellent ferries and boats to nearby islands and Tallinn, Estonia
• Helsinki Airport is well-connected and just 30 mins from downtown

📅 When to Go

• Summer: Endless daylight, festivals, and outdoor dining
• Winter: Snowy streets, cozy interiors, and a shot at the Northern Lights if you head north
• Autumn: Ruska (fall colors) is stunning in the parks and forests

@ 3ad01248:962d8a07

It has almost been a month since the Bitcoin friendly Trump administration has been in power. The Bitcoin price was riding high days before and after the election with Bitcoin reaching a new all time high of 109k. It sure seem like surely once Trump got into office the price would skyrocket and everyone finally would have lambos and girlfriends.

Sadly for the number go up crowd this didn't happen. There are no lambos to be found and no girlfriends. All we get is some sideways price action and a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve (BSR).

If you are in Bitcoin for the right reasons and understand what you hold, this is the perfect time to stack sats before the price goes parabolic. I say this because Bitcoin sure seems to be poised to make a massive run. If you look past the current price of Bitcoin you can see a storm of dollars flowing into Bitcoin from the traditional fiat economy. The signs are there if you start looking for them.

US States Creating Bitcoin Strategic Reserves

Guess how many states are considering creating a state level Bitcoin reserve of their own? Lots. Here is a list of states that are thinking about creating a reserve for their state:

• Alabama
• Arizona
• Florida
• Kansas
• Illinois
• Iowa
• Massachusetts
• Michigan
• Missouri
• Montana
• New Hampshire
• New Jersey
• New Mexico
• North Carolina
• North Dakota
• Ohio
• Pennsylvania
• South Dakota
• Texas
• Utah
• Wisconsin
• Wyoming

Each state is at some varying degree of interest in creating a reserve. Texas and Arizona are by far have made the most progress on making a Bitcoin reserve a reality. Texas is currently holding a public hearing on this at the time of this writing. There is strong political will to create a reserve so I definitely can see them being first movers on this and once Texas makes it a reality the other state will move in short order.

Arizona's strategic reserve bill passed the senate finance committee on a 5-2 which is a big deal in itself but still has a long way to go before it becomes policy. If it passes the Senate it still has to pass the Arizona House of Representatives and signed by Democrat Governor Katie Hobbs, so the odds of this becoming law is slim. Arizona Democrats seem to be anti-Bitcoin in general and any bills coming from Republicans will likely be shoot down or watered down.

Analysts believe that $23 billion could flow into Bitcoin from government reserves which equates to 247k Bitcoin going into government cold storage. I have reservations about governments creating BSR's but if we are going to have them I much rather them be at the state level where it can benefit citizens the most. Especially state pension funds that so many of our firefighters, police and first responders depend on for retirement.

We will probably see a state level BSR created by the end of the year if not sooner. Time will tell.

SAB 121 Repeal

What is SAB 121? SAB 121 or Staff Accounting Bulletin 121 made it problematic for financial institutions to custody digital assets such as Bitcoin for their customers. SAB 121 required institutions to record their holdings as a liability and not an asset.

Naturally banks and other financial institutions didn't see an upside to custody digital assets if it meant taking on liability and having an administration that was hostile to crypto in general. Why take the chance to piss off the government and give them a reason to go after you is probably the reasoning of most bank executives. SAB 121 achieved the goal the Biden administration set out to accomplish, namely stymie Bitcoin adoption by banks and individuals as long as possible.

President Trump swiftly issued a executive order rescinding SAB 121 and with that ushering a new era in the realm of Bitcoin and digital assets in general. Financial institutions now have the ability to explore Bitcoin custody solutions that fit their customer's need without fear of having to record a liability on their books.

As more and more people and business learn about Bitcoin third party custody options are going to be popular. Think about it from a small business owner perspective for a second. They are in the business of selling their widgets for Bitcoin but they don't want to manage the complexity that comes with accounting, taxes etc.. In steps in their local bank that they have been with for years if not decades and starts providing Bitcoin management services. Small business owners would be all over that idea. In the long run I think the repeal of SAB 121 is going to be a bigger deal than states creating Bitcoin strategic reserves.

FASB

Financial Accounting Standards Board or FASB for short has applied fair value accounting rules on Bitcoin and other digital assets. This is a huge deal because it will allow business to realize profit and losses of Bitcoin based on market prices. It also makes it easier for investors who evaluate businesses that hold Bitcoin on their balance sheet. Overall it treats Bitcoin like any other asset that a business would hold.

This accounting rule change will pave the way for more businesses to put Bitcoin on their balance sheet further driving demand for Bitcoin.

Lightning Companies Leading The Way

We all know that L1 Bitcoin can not scale to the entire world and that in order to bring more people into Bitcoin that layer two solutions would have to be built. This has largely been done with the creation of the lightning network which enables seamless peer to peer micropayments in the blink of an eye.

Base layer Bitcoin will certain not be used to buy your daily coffees or gym memberships but lightning will be used for that purpose. Businesses small and large will demand one click on demand solutions to help them accept Bitcoin payments for their businesses. There are plenty of Bitcoin business ready to help business adopt a Bitcoin standard.

Businesses such as Opennode, Zaprite, Voltage, Breez make switching over to a Bitcoin standard easy for businesses to do.

So when you take a step back and really look at the Bitcoin ecosystem it is a lot more mature than most give it credit for and will slowly eat away at fiat currency dominance around the world.

The best thing that you can do is be patient, stack as many sats as you can and educate others about Bitcoin. We all know how fiat currencies end. Our time will come.

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

Such a transformation positions Nostr to compete with established social networking platforms in terms of reach while simultaneously ensuring the preservation of user sovereignty and the integrity of cryptographic trust mechanisms.

The Emergence of Encrypted Relay-to-Relay Federation

In the context of Nostr protocol scalability challenges pertaining to censorship-resistant networking paradigms, Nostr stands as a paradigm-shifting entity, underpinned by robust public-key cryptography and minimal operational assumptions. This feature set has rendered Nostr an emblematic instrument for overcoming systemic censorship, fostering permissionless content dissemination, and upholding user autonomy within digital environments. However, as the demographic footprint of Nostr's user base grows exponentially, coupled with an expanding range of content modalities, the structural integrity of individual relays faces increasing pressure.

Challenges of Isolation and Limited Scalability in Decentralized Networks

The current architecture of Nostr relays is primarily constituted of simple TCP or WebSocket servers that facilitate the publication and reception of events. While aesthetically simple, this design introduces significant performance bottlenecks and discoverability issues. Relays targeting specific regional or topical niches often rely heavily on client-side interactions or third-party directories for information exchange. This operational framework presents inefficiencies when scaled globally, especially in scenarios requiring high throughput and rapid dissemination of information. Furthermore, it does not adequately account for redundancy and availability, especially in low-bandwidth environments or regions facing strict censorship.

Navigating Impediments of Isolation and Constrained Scalability

Current Nostr relay infrastructures mainly involve basic TCP and WebSocket configurations for event publication and reception. While simple, these configurations contribute to performance bottlenecks and a significant discoverability deficit. Relays that serve niche markets often operate under constraints, relying on client-side interactions or third-party directories. These inefficiencies become particularly problematic at a global scale, where high throughput and rapid information distribution are necessary. The absence of mechanisms to enhance redundancy and availability in environments with limited connectivity or under censorship further exacerbates these issues.

Proposal for Encrypted Relay Federation

Encrypted relay federation in decentralized networking can be achieved through a novel Nostr Improvement Proposal (NIP), which introduces a sophisticated gossip-style mesh topology. In this system, relays subscribe to content tags, message types, or public keys from peer nodes, optimizing data flow and relevance.

Central to this architecture is a mutual key handshake protocol using Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) for symmetric encryption over relay keys. This ensures data integrity and confidentiality during transmission. The use of encrypted event bundles, compression, and routing based on relay reputation metrics and content demand analytics enhances throughput and optimizes network resources.

To counter potential abuse and spam, strategies like rate limiting, financially incentivized peering, and token gating are proposed, serving as control mechanisms for network interactions. Additionally, the relay federation model could emulate the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), allowing for dynamic content advertisement and routing updates across the federated mesh, enhancing network resilience.

Advantages of Relay Federation in Data Distribution Architecture

Relay federation introduces a distributed data load management system where relays selectively store pertinent events. This enhances data retrieval efficiency, minimizes congestion, and fosters a censorship-resistant information flow. By decentralizing data storage, relays contribute to a global cache network, ensuring no single relay holds comprehensive access to all network data. This feature helps preserve the integrity of information flow, making it resistant to censorship.

An additional advantage is offline communication capabilities. Even without traditional internet access, events can still be communicated through alternative channels like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi Direct, or LoRa. This ensures local and community-based interactions remain uninterrupted during network downtime.

Furthermore, relay federations may introduce monetization strategies where specialized relays offer access to rare or high-quality data streams, promoting competition and interoperability while providing users with diverse data options.

Some Notable Markers To Nostr Becoming the Internet Layer for Censorship Resistance

Stop for a moment in your day and try to understand what Nostr can do for your communications by observing these markers:

1. Protocol Idea (NIP-01 by fiatjaf) │ ▼
2. npub/nsec Keypair Standard │ ▼
3. First Relays Go Online │ ▼
4. Identity & Auth (NIP-05, NIP-07) │ ▼
5. Clients Launch (Damus, Amethyst, Iris, etc.) │ ▼
6. Lightning Zaps + NWC (NIP-57) │ ▼
7. Relay Moderation & Reputation NIPs │ ▼
8. Protocol Bridging (ActivityPub, Matrix, Mastodon) │ ▼
9. Ecash Integration (Cashu, Walletless Zaps) │ ▼
10. Encrypted Relay Federation (Experimental) │ ▼
11. Relay Mesh Networks (WireGuard + libp2p) │ ▼
12. IoT Integration (Meshtastic + ESP32) │ ▼
13. Fully Decentralized, Censorship-Resistant Social Layer

The implementation of encrypted federation represents a pivotal technological advancement, establishing a robust framework that challenges the prevailing architecture of fragmented social networking ecosystems and monopolistic centralized cloud services. This innovative approach posits that Nostr could:

• Facilitate a comprehensive, globally accessible decentralized index of information, driven fundamentally by user interactions and a novel microtransaction system (zaps), enabling efficient content valorization and information dissemination.
• Empower the concept of nomadic digital identities, allowing them to seamlessly traverse various relays, devoid of reliance on centralized identity verification systems, promoting user autonomy and privacy.
• Become the quintessential backend infrastructure for decentralized applications, knowledge graphs, and expansive datasets conducive to DVMs.
• Achieve seamless interoperability with established protocols, such as ActivityPub, Matrix, IPFS, and innovative eCash systems that offer incentive mechanisms, fostering an integrated and collaborative ecosystem.

In alignment with decentralization, encrypted relay-to-relay federation marks a significant evolution for the Nostr protocol, transitioning from isolated personal broadcasting stations to an interoperable, adaptive, trustless mesh network of communication nodes.

By implementing this sophisticated architecture, Nostr is positioned to scale efficiently, addressing global needs while preserving free speech, privacy, and individual autonomy in a world marked by surveillance and compartmentalized digital environments.

Nostr's Countenance Structure: Noteworthy Events

``` Nostr Protocol Concept by fiatjaf:

• First Relays and npub/nsec key pairs appear
• Damus, Amethyst, and other clients emerge
• Launch of Zaps and Lightning Tip Integration
• Mainstream interest post Twitter censorship events
• Ecosystem tools: NWC, NIP-07, NIP-05 adoption
• Nostr devs propose relay scoring and moderation NIPs
• Bridging begins (ActivityPub, Matrix, Mastodon)
• Cashu eCash integration with Nostr zaps (walletless tips)
• Relay-to-relay encrypted federation proposed
• Hackathons exploring libp2p, LNbits, and eCash-backed identities
• Scalable P2P Mesh using WireGuard + Nostr + Gossip
• Web3 & IoT integration with ESP32 + Meshtastic + relays
• A censorship-resistant, decentralized social internet ```

@ c239c0f9:fa4a5015

Block: #893398 - April 2025

The Monthly Thunderbolt Dispatch on Bitcoin layers two innovations, aggregating the Best posts about the ~Lightning Network and others Bitcoin L2 solution- Exclusively on Stacker.News

It's again that time of the month, time to catch up with the latest features and trends that are shaping the future of Bitcoin—the very first and most commented insights from around the SN world. In every issue arrives expert analysis, in-depth interview, and breaking news of the most significant advancements in the Bitcoin layer two solutions.

Subscribe and make sure you don’t miss anything about the ~Lightning Revolution!

Now let's focus on the top five items for each category, an electrifying selection that hope you'll be able to read before next edition.

Happy Zapping!

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Top ~Lightning posts

Most zapranked posts this month:

1. Use RIZFUL as your BTCPay Server lightning node via NWC by @supratic 10.2k sats \ 2 comments \ 14 Apr

2. c-otto.de routing node history with a bit of data by @C_Otto 6301 sats \ 31 comments \ 23 Mar

3. Phoenix Wallet available again in the US by @Scoresby 4696 sats \ 29 comments \ 8 Apr

4. Short Text Note: Cashu is coming to ZEUS. by @supratic 5270 sats \ 13 comments \ 1 Apr

5. Hydrus - Automating lightning liquidity management by @aftermath 2281 sats \ 9 comments \ 27 Mar

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Top posts by comments

Excluding the ones already mentioned above, you can see them all here (excluding those already listed above):

1. Liquidity squeezing from your node by @k00b 644 sats \ 20 comments \ 5 Apr

2. ZEUS starting to open up Cashu test builds to community sponsors. by @supratic 499 sats \ 14 comments \ 6 Apr

3. Ask Node Runners: What is the longest lived LN channel you have? by @DarthCoin 276 sats \ 12 comments \ 10 Apr

4. What's the best way to accept lightning payments on Wordpress + WooCommerce? by @Jon_Hodl 1879 sats \ 12 comments \ 10 Apr

5. Lightning node over tor by @BallLightning 219 sats \ 9 comments \ 28 Mar

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Top ~Lightning Boosts

Check them all here.

1. Missing r/place? LNboard.com is the Lightning Network's Anarchy Art Gallery by @f0e6f4f43b 905 sats \ 40k boost \ 20 comments \ 2 Apr

2. Try out the Ark protocol on signet by @nwoodfine 2083 sats \ 30k boost \ 12 comments \ 19 Mar

3. Amboss CEO On Growth Of The Lightning Network, Tether (USDT) On Lightning by @Jestopher_BTC 577 sats \ 20k boost \ 10 comments \ 19 Feb

4. Building Self Custody Lightning in 2025 by @k00b 2293 sats \ 10k boost \ 8 comments \ 23 Jan

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Top Lightning posts outside ~Lightning

This month best posts about the Lightning Network outside ~Lightning territory:

1. I made a game with Lightning where you can earn some sats by @stacks 4732 sats \ 46 comments \ 17 Apr on ~bitcoin

2. "Lightning self custody works for 100 million users" "But it needs 10 billion!!" by @standardcrypto 2998 sats \ 22 comments \ 24 Mar on ~bitcoin

3. 24 Hours of Lightning: Watch LNboard.com's First Day Unfold by @f0e6f4f43b 809 sats \ 8 comments \ 2 Apr on ~bitcoin

4. Lightning Payments Tour by Yopaki by @PlebLab 355 sats \ 0 comments \ 11 Apr on ~builders

5. 👀 My Bitcoin Startup Company Portfolio through Lightning Ventures. 👀 by @BlokchainB 965 sats \ 13 comments \ 16 Apr on ~Stacker_Stocks

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Forever top ~Lightning posts

La crème de la crème... check them all here. Nothing has changed this month!

1. 👨‍🚀 We're releasing 𝗔𝗟𝗕𝗬 𝗚𝗢 - the easiest lightning mobile wallet by @Alby 29.2k sats \ 41 comments \ 25 Sep 2024 on ~lightning

2. Building Self Custody Lightning in 2025 by @k00b 2303 sats \ 8 comments \ 22 Jan on ~lightning

3. Lightning Wallets: Self-Custody Despite Poor Network - Apps Tested in Zimbabwe by @anita 72.8k sats \ 39 comments \ 28 Jan 2024 on ~lightning

4. How to Attach Your self-hosted LNbits wallet to SEND/RECEIVE sats to/from SN by @supratic 1765 sats \ 18 comments \ 23 Sep 2024 on ~lightning

5. A Way to Use Stacker News to improve your Zap Receiving by @bzzzt 1652 sats \ 22 comments \ 15 Jul 2024 on ~lightning

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Forever top Lightning posts outside ~Lightning

The rise of Supertestnet at #5, congrats!

1. Rethinking Lightning by @benthecarman with 51.6k sats \ 137 comments \ 6 Jan 2024 on ~bitcoin

2. Lightning Everywhere by @TonyGiorgio with 12k sats \ 27 comments \ 24 Jul 2023 on ~bitcoin

3. Lightning is dead, long live the Lightning! by @supertestnet and zaps forwarded to @anita (50%) @k00b (50%) 6321 sats \ 28 comments \ @tolot 27 Oct 2023 on ~bitcoin

4. Lightning Is Doomed by @Rsync25 2450 sats \ 15 comments \ 27 Nov 2023 on ~bitcoin

5. Bisq2 adds lightning by @supertestnet 3019 sats \ 47 comments \ 19 Aug 2024 on ~bitcoin

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@ d34e832d:383f78d0

This foundational philosophy positioned her as the principal architect of the climactic finale of the Reconquista—a protracted campaign that sought to reclaim territories under Muslim dominion. Her decisive participation in military operations against the Emirate of Granada not only consummated centuries of Christian reclamation endeavors but also heralded the advent of a transformative epoch in both Spanish and European identity, intertwining religious zeal with nationalistic aspirations and setting the stage for the emergence of a unified Spanish state that would exert significant influence on European dynamics for centuries to come.

Image Above Map Of Th Iberias

During the era of governance overseen by Muhammad XII, historically identified as Boabdil, the Kingdom of Granada was characterized by a pronounced trajectory of decline, beset by significant internal dissent and acute dynastic rivalry, factors that fundamentally undermined its structural integrity. The political landscape of the emirate was marked by fragmentation, most notably illustrated by the contentious relationship between Boabdil and his uncle, the militarily adept El Zagal, whose formidable martial capabilities further exacerbated the emirate's geopolitical vulnerabilities, thereby impairing its capacity to effectively mobilize resistance against the encroaching coalition of Christian forces. Nevertheless, it is imperative to acknowledge the strategic advantages conferred by Granada’s formidable mountainous terrain, coupled with the robust fortifications of its urban centers. This geographical and structural fortitude, augmented by the fervent determination and resilience of the local populace, collectively contributed to Granada's status as a critical and tenacious stronghold of Islamic governance in the broader Iberian Peninsula during this tumultuous epoch.

The military campaign initiated was precipitated by the audacious territorial annexation of Zahara by the Emirate in the annum 1481—a pivotal juncture that served as a catalytic impetus for the martial engagement orchestrated by the Catholic Monarchs, Isabel I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon.

Image Above Monarchs Of Castilles

What subsequently unfolded was an arduous protracted conflict, extending over a decade, characterized by a series of decisive military confrontations—most notably the Battle of Alhama, the skirmishes at Loja and Lucena, the strategic recapture of Zahara, and engagements in Ronda, Málaga, Baza, and Almería. Each of these encounters elucidates the intricate dynamics of military triumph entwined with the perils of adversity. Isabel's role transcended mere symbolic representation; she emerged as an astute logistical architect, meticulously structuring supply chains, provisioning her armies with necessary resources, and advocating for military advancements, including the tactical incorporation of Lombard artillery into the operational theater. Her dual presence—both on the battlefield and within the strategic command—interwove deep-seated piety with formidable power, unifying administrative efficiency with unyielding ambition.

In the face of profound personal adversities, exemplified by the heart-wrenching stillbirth of her progeny amidst the tumultuous electoral campaign, Isabel exhibited a remarkable steadfastness in her quest for triumph. Her strategic leadership catalyzed a transformative evolution in the constructs of monarchical power, ingeniously intertwining the notion of divine right—a historically entrenched justification for sovereign authority—with pragmatic statecraft underpinned by the imperatives of efficacious governance and stringent military discipline. The opposition posed by El Zagal, characterized by his indefatigable efforts and tenacious resistance, elongated the duration of the campaign; however, the indomitable spirit and cohesive resolve of the Catholic Monarchs emerged as an insuperable force, compelling the eventual culmination of their aspirations into a definitive victory.

The capitulation of the Emirate of Granada in the month of January in the year 1492 represents a pivotal moment in the historical continuum of the Iberian Peninsula, transcending the mere conclusion of the protracted series of military engagements known as the Reconquista. This momentous event is emblematic of the intricate process of state-building that led to the establishment of a cohesive Spanish nation-state fundamentally predicated on the precepts of Christian hegemony. Furthermore, it delineates the cusp of an imperial epoch characterized by expansionist ambitions fueled by religious zealotry. The ramifications of this surrender profoundly altered the sociocultural and political framework of the region, precipitating the coerced conversion and expulsion of significant Jewish and Muslim populations—a demographic upheaval that would serve to reinforce the ideological paradigms that underpinned the subsequent institution of the Spanish Inquisition, a systematic apparatus of religious persecution aimed at maintaining ideological conformity and unity under the Catholic Monarchs.

Image Above Surrender At Granada

In a broader historical context, the capitulation of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada transpired concurrently with the inaugural expedition undertaken by the navigator Christopher Columbus, both events being facilitated under the auspices of Queen Isabel I of Castile. This significant temporal nexus serves to underscore the confluence of the termination of Islamic hegemony in the Iberian Peninsula with the commencement of European maritime exploration on a grand scale. Such a juxtaposition of religiously motivated conquest and the zealous pursuit of transoceanic exploration precipitated a paradigm shift in the trajectory of global history. It catalyzed the ascendance of the Spanish Empire, thereby marking the nascent stages of European colonial endeavors throughout the Americas.

Image Above Columbus At The Spanish Court

This epochal transformation not only redefined territorial dominion but also initiated profound socio-economic and cultural repercussions across continents, forever altering the intricate tapestry of human civilization.

Consequently, the cessation of hostilities in Granada should not merely be interpreted as the conclusion of a protracted medieval conflict; rather, it represents a critical juncture that fundamentally reoriented the socio-political landscape of the Old World while concurrently heralding the advent of modernity. The pivotal contributions of Queen Isabel I in this transformative epoch position her as an extraordinarily significant historical figure—an autocrat whose strategic foresight, resilience, and zeal indelibly influenced the trajectory of nations and entire continents across the globe.

@ e97aaffa:2ebd765d

Se este movimento de desglobalização continuar, poderá provocar uma cisão no mundo geopolítico, criar dois grandes blocos económicos, uma nova guerra fria.

Se isso se concretizar, quantos anos vão ser necessários para o S&P500 superar máximos históricos em termos reais, em poder de compra?

Em valores nominais vai ser rápido, o governo dos EUA vai imprimir tanto dinheiro, rapidamente vai superar máximos, mas em termos reais, vai demorar muitos anos.

Até agora, todo o mundo estava a investir nos EUA, mas se os países do bloco oriental, sobretudo a China, deixarem de investir em ações, obrigações e moeda dos EUA, irá provocar uma enorme redução de liquidez e na procura/demanda, não vai ser fácil ultrapassar isso.

Nos US Treasury, o afastamento da China começou em 2014(1° guerra da Ucrânia), mas o movimento acelerou em 2022(2° guerra da Ucrânia).

Os EUA, ao congelar as reservas da Rússia, ao utilizar as reservas como uma arma de guerra, “assustaram” a China e outros países. As sanções à Rússia e como esta fez para contornar as sanções foi um case study para a China.

Como o objetivo da China é recuperar Taiwan, sabe que sofrerá as mesmas represálias que hoje a Rússia sofre, por isso a China tem que se afastar da economia dos EUA.

A China está a trocar US Treasury por outros ativos e por outras geografias, o principal beneficiado foi o ouro, um ativo soberano, que não tem problemas de contraparte.

Este movimento da China foi bem visível no preço do ouro no último ano, uma valorização superior a 42%.

Mas não é só a China que está a apostar no ouro, são diversos, mas sobretudo composta por países do bloco oriental.

Enquanto, Taiwan for a fábrica do mundo nos semicondutores, estarão protegidos pelo guarda-chuva dos EUA. Mas os EUA, estão a construir fábricas próprias, quando forem auto-suficientes, vão descartar o “guarda-chuva”, Taiwan não terá qualquer hipótese sobre o poderio da China.

A China pensa sempre a longo prazo, estão apenas a aguardar, isto poderá estar para muito em breve.

Se isto se confirmar, o S&P500 poderá demorar décadas para recuperar desta crise, em termos de poder de compra.

@ dbb19ae0:c3f22d5a

Notice this consistent apparitioon in the timeline of something that reflects a major key shift in tech:

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💾 1980s – The Personal Computer Era

• IBM PC (1981) launches the home computing revolution.
• Rise of Apple II, Commodore 64, etc.
• Storage is local and minimal.
• Paradigm shift: Computing becomes personal.

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🎮 1990s – Networking & Gaming

• LAN parties, DOOM (1993) popularizes multiplayer FPS.
• Early internet (dial-up, BBS, IRC).
• There is lots of room for connecting PC.
• Paradigm shift: Networked interaction begins.

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🌐 2000s – The Internet Boom

• Web 2.0, broadband, Google, Wikipedia.
• Rise of forums, blogs, file sharing.
• A bigger need of interaction is looming
• Storage is on cd and dvd.
• Paradigm shift: Global information access explodes.

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📱 2010s – Social Media & Mobile

• Facebook, Twitter, Instagram dominate.
• Smartphones become ubiquitous.
• Bitcoin appears and start a revolution.
• Collecting personal data from users to fuel the next shift.
• Paradigm shift: Always-connected, algorithmic society.

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🤖 2020s – AI & Decentralization

• GPT, Stable Diffusion, Midjourney, Copilot.
• Blockchain, Nostr, Web3 experiments.
• Storage is in the cloud.
• Paradigm shift: Autonomous intelligence and freedom tech emerge.

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roughly every decade, a tech leap reshapes how we live and think.

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

There's any content about SN out there?

In the news: - @BitcoinNews Stacker.News Raises $1.25m Seed Round At $25m Valuation - @Alby blog post explain how Stacker News adds Self-custodial Spending with NWC - @cryotosensei on @0xbitcoiner's website Stacker News encourages deep sharing ad Random things I learnt about Bitcoin from Stacker News - @anita's Earn bitcoin on Stacker News: People asked and I answered

Recently we have seen an article in BM writing about how PlebLab is shaping the future of bitcoin startups in Austin. SN was mentioned and linked 🎉

Started in 2021 by one of PlebLab’s cofounders Keyan Kousha, Stacker.news has quickly become a hub of news for many tech-savvy Bitcoiners. Boasting an open source Lightning-powered Reddit, the platform has gathered an active and loyal fan base that reward each other with sats for every upvote, often being early to integrate the latest technologies in the Bitcoin-social media tech scene.

In the past it has also only mentioned here.

From a startup pitch perspective:

Developer of a news platform intended for individuals to earn real money for creating and curating content. The company's platform specializes in allowing individuals to submit, vote, and comment on content, stories, and discussions about the topics in communities organized around their interests, enabling individuals to post content and get paid while reading the news. PitchBook - https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/535835-44#overview

Stacker News is a forum (like Reddit or Hacker News) where you can earn real money for creating or curating content. F6S - https://www.f6s.com/company/stacker-news#about

People talking about SN:

• A stacker shared a Lessons learned from Stacker.news and how SN works. Discourse Co-CEO respond:

  Heh, it’s not a healthy or sustainable model for the types of communities consciously we build for. Definitely not something we would consider building into core but you could make it work with a plugin. Extrinsic motivators attract the wrong people for the wrong reasons, in my experience. Healthy community ecosystems are driven by intrinsic motivation.

• on BitcoinTalk here, here and here. There are probably more posts where it has ben mentioned and discussed.

• HackerNews crowd does not seem too excited about it. Just few comments on each post.

Some review have been collected on @julian's Apollo and ProductHunt.

Let's check what YT has:

Some interviews first. At 2023 ZBD x PlebLab TabConf Hackathon, Keyan Kousha explain Why Not to Use Stacker News

@kr did a great job interviewing k00b when SN was in its infancy - Stacker News Is Growing FAST - Stacker News Is Disrupting Social Media | E17 - Keyan Kousha on Stacker News, Earning Bitcoin, & Decentralized Content | The Kevin Rooke Show | E17 - How Siggy47 Stacked Over 500,000 Sats on Stacker News | SS8

And here some interviews:

• From Setee.io Using Bitcoin to Foster 'Natural Communities' Online w/ Stacker News

Stacker News is a user-generated, feed-style news platform, modeled after Hacker News, but with the important distinction of having natively-integrated bitcoin lightning payments, as a means of fostering more natural communities (think less spam and antisocial behavior), cultivating high-signal bitcoin content, and providing a better user experience overall.

Stacker News is still in the very early days of its development, but it's a great showcase of how bitcoin can be used to improve upon an existing model, and in doing so, explore how improved incentives might influence media publishing, monetization, and moderation.

Keyan is a prime example of someone who caught the bitcoin bug, and just couldn't resist getting involved. The result is a product built with and for bitcoiners, and it was great to have him on the show to explain more about his motivations and ambitions.

• From ~ideasfrommtheedge pod: AI, Simulations, and Startups with Keyan Kousha (Founder, Stacker News)

• @alexstrenger's Convos On The Pedicab #177 Stacker News: A Bitcoiners Alternative To Reddit

• @dk and @MaxAWebster intro on What's new with Stacker.News and Nostr? also shared here

• @ConnectTheWorld stream Keep Austin Weird! Meet Keyan, the founder of Stacker.news

• @Thriller Lightning: Stacker.News Founder Keyan

• 0.00000018: Keyan Kousha, Stacker.News: an interview in the Changing the Tide show here

• @bitcoinplebdev reading top ~devs stories 04/08/2024 and stacker.news codebase overview / how to run locally)

That's the interviews I was able to find. Continuing the dig...

• @TheWildHustle compiles SN ~Music' vibes into YT playlists

• @kdnolan7 on was giving some updates about the ~Education territory here and here

Gradually, then suddenly, the message start to change, and the majority of videos communicate something that is probably, at least from my perspective, not the right way to market a product like SN:

• @SatsMate lay out Why He Love Stacker News!

• @voltage share a story quickly talking how Stacker News is like YCombinators Hacker News but YOU EARN! https://www.youtube.com/shorts/d1xZ3RE9plk

@HattyHats Earn Bitcoin (LN) Blogging with Stacker News

The long list continues: - Earn bitcoin Satoshis Reading & Sharing Content on Stacker.News - First Time Walk Through by @SatoshiTutor - Earn Free Bitcoin | Stacker News Quick Tutorial from Earning Crypto Site - One of the Different Ways to Earn Bitcoin 👉 stacker.news | Bitcoin Lifestyle #2 from @SatoshiComTR - @1100note another Stacker.News story - ...

This list of references can, and probably will, go on and on with the same topic. The message looks like will be always the same: come over, stack sats, stay humble. There's maybe something wrong with the message we share SN out there? Is not what we do, is how we do it, that make the difference. As you can see, there's not much there that refer to quality content, great supportive community, community moderated contents, no ads, no spam, no bots (well, not many) and no ai. Pure human content.

In other successful platforms where people earn money for the contents they create, the money factor is totally hidden, is not their main sales point in the pitch. Look at YT itself. We all know people earn fiat producing and sharing videos, but their comms does not talk about it, at least not the way stackers do. And you'll not find many YTers inviting others to create videos to earn money. Well ok, some do!

Something we could make an effort to improve, is the way we talk about SN. Finding alternative ways to do it is hard, some have been mentioned here https://stacker.news/items/948462/r/Design_r

Just wanted to see how much other quality content is out there talking about SN that is not about stacking sats? Share your best contents, nostr notes, x tweets, blog posts, articles, videos, interviews, reviews or any other media that has been created by others about SN (no memes shill) or that somehow mention it in the comments below.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/951177

@ cb4352cd:a16422d7

What happens when artificial intelligence meets Web3? It's no longer just an idea — it's happening, and it's reshaping how we think about applications, economies, and communities online.

AI-as-a-Service in Web3

One of the clearest signs of this shift is the rise of decentralized AI marketplaces. Projects like Bittensor show that users can contribute machine learning models and earn rewards in cryptocurrency.

Another example is Gensyn, linking AI developers to decentralized compute resources.

Verifying AI with Blockchain

Blockchain helps verify AI outputs. Initiatives like Oraichain and Fetch.ai ensure AI agents interact securely and transparently in decentralized ecosystems.

AI-Driven Decentralized Organizations

Projects like SingularityNET explore AI marketplaces and autonomous governance models, creating new possibilities for decentralized coordination.

Generative AI in Web3 Content Creation

Platforms like Alethea AI are building intelligent NFTs that adapt to user interactions. AI-generated quests and dynamic worlds are reshaping GameFi.

The Road Ahead

Beyond Banking Conference by WeFi will spotlight how AI and Web3 are converging to redefine ownership, collaboration, and the very nature of the internet.

The question isn't whether AI and Web3 will merge — it's how quickly their union will reshape everything we know about digital life.

@ 86dfbe73:628cef55

Mit dem Internet kam das Ende der Massengesellschaft. Heutzutage sind Öffentlichkeit im Allgemeinen und die digitale Öffentlichkeit im Besonderen nur als Netzwerk verstehbar. Nicht als Netzwerk zur Kommunikation, sondern als Netzwerk der Beziehungen, bestehend aus den Erwartungen, Kenntnissen und letztlich bestehend aus dem Vertrauen, das Menschen gegenüber anderen Menschen und Institutionen aufzubauen pflegen. Wichtig ist nicht mehr, wo jemand eine Information plaziert, wichtig ist, wann und wer und unter Einbeziehung welcher Faktoren diese abfragt.

In Sozialen Netzwerken entscheidet jeder selbst, wem er folgt. Er entscheidet selbst, wie die eigene Startseite, der eigene Blick auf den Dienst, aussieht. Als Beispiel sei hier Twitter erwähnt. Aus der Liste der Gefolgten wird die Timeline generiert, die eine Wirklichkeit abbildet, die einzig und alleine von den Following-Entscheidungen des Nutzers bestimmt ist.

Die Beziehungsweise des Folgens ist eine direkte Willenserklärung, die Inhalte eines Users sehen zu wollen. Sie ist ein Pakt, der auch eine gewisse, wenn auch kleine, Verantwortungsübernahme bedeutet. Und diese Beziehungsweise wurde zum integralen Strukturbaustein der digitalen Öffentlichkeit zwischen 2010 bis 2020 und damit auch zur tragenden Säule vieler Karrieren, Geschäftsmodellen und außerdem zur Grundlage der Selektionsverfahren von kulturellen Trends. Im Follower steckte die Macht.

Die digitale Öffentlichkeit hat aufgehört eine vernetzte Öffentlichkeit zu sein und geht zunehmend in den „For you“-Algorithmen der kommerziellen Plattformen auf. Ab 2020 wurde dem Follower von Diensten wie Tiktok der Gar ausgemacht und von dort setzte sich der „For You-Algoritmus“ auf allen kommerziellen Plattformen durch. Das bedeutet, dass die neue digitale Öffentlichkeit nicht mehr durch menschliche Beziehungen und vernetztes Vertrauen getragen wird, sondern vollends den Steuerungsinstrumenten einer Hand voll Konzernen ausgeliefert ist. Auf einmal bedeutete ein Following nicht mehr die Garantie, dass der Content die Abonnenten erreicht.

Mit der Zerstörung dieser Beziehung entgleiten den Creators ihre medialen Regime und beide, User und Creator werden immer abhängiger vom Algorithmus und arbeiten folglich nur noch für die Interessen der Plattformen, statt für sich selbst.

@ 95cb4330:96db706c

Principle:

Reduce internal friction by minimizing unnecessary processes, approvals, and meetings.
Empower small, autonomous teams to make decisions quickly and independently.

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💡 What It Means

• Bureaucracy kills speed, innovation, and ownership.
• Instead of creating endless layers of management and approval, build the smallest system necessary to enable great work.
• Give teams the trust and tools they need to move fast.

The goal is not chaos, but flexibility with lightweight structure—so the organization stays dynamic as it scales.

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📈 Why It Matters

✅ Speed is a competitive advantage in entrepreneurship.
✅ Empowered teams are more creative and motivated.
✅ Minimal bureaucracy allows companies to iterate fast and stay customer-focused.

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🏛️ Examples in Action

• Spotify uses small “squads” with high autonomy and light-touch leadership to maintain speed and innovation.
• Basecamp designs its company around minimal meetings, clear asynchronous communication, and trusting small teams to own outcomes.
• Amazon uses the "two-pizza team" rule—teams should be small enough to be fed with two pizzas.

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📚 Resources to Explore

• 📄 Spotify’s Engineering Culture – Part 1
• 📖 Basecamp’s Approach to Minimal Management
• 📘 Harvard Business Review on 3 Ways to Improve Your Decision Making
• Spotify Engineering Culture - Part 1 (aka the "Spotify Model")

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🚀 Action Prompthttps://hbr.org/2018/01/3-ways-to-improve-your-decision-making

Ask yourself:
"What approvals, meetings, or processes can I eliminate or simplify today to help my team move faster?"

Build only as much structure as needed—and no more. Protect creativity, speed, and ownership at all costs.

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Spread across 14 islands and connected by elegant bridges, Stockholm is often called the **"Venice of the North." It blends royal history, cutting-edge design, lush nature, and a laid-back Nordic vibe like few cities can. With cobblestone streets in Gamla Stan, sleek modern art in Södermalm, and serene waterways everywhere, Stockholm is both storybook and futuristic.

🏰 Top Things to Do in Stockholm

🏛️ Gamla Stan (Old Town)

• A beautifully preserved medieval core with colorful buildings, narrow alleys, and cozy cafés
• Visit the Royal Palace, Stockholm Cathedral, and watch the changing of the guard
• Stop by Stortorget Square for the classic photo and a fika (Swedish coffee break)

🖼️ Vasa Museum

• Home to the Vasa warship, which sank on its maiden voyage in 1628 and was miraculously recovered 333 years later
• One of Sweden’s most popular and jaw-dropping museums

🏡 Skansen Open-Air Museum

• A walk through Sweden’s past—complete with historic homes, craft demos, and even Scandinavian animals
• Great for families or anyone curious about Swedish traditions

🌉 Södermalm

• Stockholm’s hip, creative district
• Full of boutique shops, vintage stores, craft coffee, and rooftop bars
• Climb Monteliusvägen for incredible views of the city skyline and Lake Mälaren

🌿 Nature & Water Everywhere

• Take a boat tour of the Stockholm Archipelago, made up of 30,000+ islands
• Kayak through the canals or paddleboard around Kungsholmen
• In summer, locals swim off the rocks in the city or picnic in Djurgården Park

🍽️ Food & Fika

• Try Swedish meatballs, gravad lax, or herring smörgåsbord
• Visit the indoor Östermalm Market Hall for local specialties
• Don’t miss fika culture—coffee + cinnamon buns (kanelbullar) is a must

🚆 Getting Around

• Super walkable and bike-friendly
• Excellent public transport: trams, ferries, metro (Tunnelbana)
• The T-Centralen station even doubles as an underground art gallery

📅 Best Time to Visit

• Summer (June–August): Long sunny days, outdoor festivals, archipelago adventures
• Winter: Christmas markets, cozy cafés, and snow-dusted rooftops
• Year-round appeal with distinct charm in every season

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

The operational landscape for Nostr relay operators is fraught with multifaceted challenges that not only pertain to technical feasibility but also address pivotal economic realities in an increasingly censored digital environment.

While the infrastructure required to run a Nostr relay can be considered comparatively lightweight in terms of hardware demands, the operators must navigate a spectrum of operational hurdles and associated costs. Key among these are bandwidth allocation, effective spam mitigation, comprehensive security protocols, and the critical need for sustained uptime.

To ensure economic viability amidst these challenges, many relay operators have implemented various strategies, including the introduction of rate limiting mechanisms and subscription-based financial models that leverage user payments to subsidize operational costs. The conundrum remains: how can the Nostr framework evolve to permit relay operators to cultivate at least a singular relay to its fullest operational efficiency?

It is essential to note that while the trajectory of user engagement with these relays remains profoundly unpredictable—analogous to the nebulous impetus behind their initial inception—indicators within our broader economic and sociocultural contexts illuminate potential pathways to harmonizing commercial interests with user interaction through the robust capabilities of websocket relays.

A few musingsI beg you to think about the Evolutionary Trajectory of Nostr Infrastructure Leveraging BDK (Bitcoin Development Kit) and NDK (Nostr Development Kit) in the Context of Sovereign Communication Infrastructure

As the Nostr ecosystem transitions through its iterative phases of maturity, the infrastructure, notably the relays, is projected to undergo significant enhancements to accommodate an array of emerging protocols, particularly highlighted by the Mostr Bridge implementation.

Additionally, the integration of decentralized identity frameworks, exemplified by PKARR (Public-Key Addressable Resource Records), signifies a robust evolutionary step towards fostering user accountability and autonomy.

Moreover, the introduction of sophisticated filtering mechanisms, including but not limited to Set Based Reconciliation techniques, seeks to refine the user interface by enabling more granular control over content visibility and interaction dynamics.

These progressive innovations are meticulously designed to augment the overall user experience while steadfastly adhering to the foundational ethos of the Nostr protocol, which emphasizes the principles of digital freedom, uncurtailed access to publication, and the establishment of a harassment-free digital environment devoid of shadowbanning practices.

Such advancements underscore the balancing act between technological progression and ethical considerations in decentralized communication frameworks.

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

Let’s break it down.

🎭 The Cultural Love for Hype

Trinidadians are no strangers to investing. We invest in pyramid schemes, blessing circles, overpriced insurance packages, corrupt ministries, miracle crusades, and football teams that haven’t kicked a ball in years. Anything wrapped in emotion, religion, or political flag-waving gets support—no questions asked.

Bitcoin, on the other hand, demands research, self-custody, and personal responsibility. That’s not sexy in a culture where people would rather “leave it to God,” “vote them out,” or “put some pressure on the boss man.”

🧠 The Mindset Gap

There’s a deep psychological barrier here:

Fear of responsibility: Bitcoin doesn’t come with customer service. It puts you in control—and that scares people used to blaming the bank, the government, or the devil.

Love for middlemen: Whether it’s pastors, politicians, or financiers, Trinidad loves an “intercessor.” Bitcoin removes them all.

Resistance to abstraction: We’re tactile people. We want paper receipts, printed statements, and "real money." Bitcoin’s digital nature makes it feel unreal—despite being harder money than the TT dollar will ever be.

🔥 What Gets Us Excited

Let a pastor say God told him to buy a jet—people pledge money.

Let a politician promise a ghost job—people campaign.

Let a friend say he knows a man that can flip $100 into $500—people sign up.

But tell someone to download a Bitcoin wallet, learn about self-custody, and opt out of inflation?

They tell you that’s a scam.

⚖️ The Harsh Reality

Trinidad is on the brink of a currency crisis. The TT dollar is quietly bleeding value. Bank fees rise, foreign exchange is a riddle, and financial surveillance is tightening.

Bitcoin is an escape hatch—but it requires a new kind of mindset: one rooted in self-education, long-term thinking, and personal accountability. These aren’t values we currently celebrate—but they are values we desperately need.

🟠 A Guide to Starting with Bitcoin in Trinidad

1. Understand Bitcoin

It’s not a stock or company. It’s a decentralized protocol like email—but for money.

It’s finite. Only 21 million will ever exist.

It’s permissionless. No bank, government, or pastor can block your access.

1. Get a Wallet

Start with Phoenix Wallet or Blue Wallet (for Lightning).

If you're going offline, learn about SeedSigner or Trezor for cold storage.

1. Earn or Buy BTC

Use Robosats or Peach for peer-to-peer (P2P) trading.

Ask your clients to pay in Bitcoin.

Zap content on Nostr to earn sats.

1. Secure It

Learn about seed phrases, hardware wallets, and multisig options.

Never leave your coins on exchanges.

Consider a steel backup plate.

1. Use It

Pay others in BTC.

Accept BTC for services.

Donate to freedom tech projects or communities building open internet tools.

🧭 Case In Point

Bitcoin isn’t just technology. It’s a mirror—one that reveals who we really are. Trinidad isn’t slow to adopt Bitcoin because it’s hard. We’re slow because we don’t want to let go of the comfort of being misled.

But times are changing. And the first person to wake up usually ends up leading the others.

So maybe it’s time.

Maybe you are the one to bring Bitcoin to Trinidad—not by shouting, but by living it.

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

The inherent heterogeneity of relay types within this ecosystem not only enhances operational agility but also significantly contributes to the overall robustness and resilience of the network architecture, empowering it to endure systemic assaults or coordinated initiatives designed to suppress specific content.

In examining the technical underpinnings of the Nostr protocol, relays are characterized by their exceptional adaptability, permitting deployment across an extensive variety of hosting environments configured to achieve targeted operational objectives.

For example, strategically deploying relays in jurisdictions characterized by robust legal protections for free expression can provide effective countermeasures against local censorship and pervasive legal restrictions in regions plagued by oppressive control.

This strategic operational framework mirrors the approaches adopted by whistleblowers and activists who deliberately position their digital platforms or mirrored content within territories boasting more favorable regulatory environments regarding internet freedoms.

Alternatively, relays may also be meticulously configured to operate exclusively within offline contexts—functioning within localized area networks or leveraging air-gapped computational configurations.

Such offline relays are indispensable in scenarios necessitating disaster recovery, secure communication frameworks, or methods for grassroots documentation, thereby safeguarding sensitive data from unauthorized access, ensuring its integrity against tampering, and preserving resilience in the face of both potential disruptions in internet connectivity and overarching surveillance efforts.

@ 1beecee5:d29d2162

@ b0137b96:304501dd

Streaming has revolutionized how we consume entertainment, offering unparalleled access to diverse content worldwide. With the rise of theBest OTT Platform options, audiences can enjoy their favorite Hollywood, Bollywood, and regional films anytime, anywhere. However, for many viewers, language can be a barrier to fully experiencing international cinema. That’s where innovative platforms step in, bridging the gap between global content and regional audiences.

If you're searching for theBest OTT Platform that delivers high-quality international and regional content, we’ve got you covered. Let’s explore four leading platforms—Dimension on Demand (DOD), Hoichoi, Olly Plus, and Aha Video—that are transforming the Indian entertainment landscape.

Dimension on Demand (DOD) – The Best OTT Platform for Hollywood in Your Language Among the many platforms available, Dimension on Demand (DOD) stands out as theBest OTT Platform for movie lovers who enjoy global cinema in their native tongue. Unlike other platforms that focus solely on regional or Bollywood content, DOD specializes in offering Hollywood movies dubbed in 9 languages like Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Bangla, Malayalam, Bhojpuri, English, Kannada, and Marathi. This means you can enjoy blockbuster hits, critically acclaimed masterpieces, and thrilling action films—all in the comfort of your language.

What makes DOD truly unique? A vast library of Hollywood movies dubbed in Indian languages Seamless user experience with high-definition streaming Personalized recommendations based on viewer preferences Accessible across multiple devices—smart TVs, mobiles, and laptops A growing collection that ensures fresh content for movie enthusiasts Beyond its impressive collection, DOD ensures that audiences across India can experience world-class entertainment without language barriers. If you love Hollywood but prefer watching in your native language, DOD is undoubtedly the Best OTT Platform.

Hoichoi – A Must-Have for Bengali Entertainment Hoichoi (https://www.hoichoi.tv/)has become a go-to OTT platform for Bengali audiences, offering an impressive mix of movies, web series, and original content. With a strong focus on Bengali-language storytelling, it delivers a diverse collection ranging from classic films to modern thrillers.

Why Choose Hoichoi? Extensive collection of Bengali films and web series Exclusive Hoichoi Originals with gripping storytelling A mix of contemporary and classic Bengali cinema With its continuous addition of fresh content and commitment to Bengali storytelling, Hoichoi has solidified its position as a top-tier platform for regional entertainment lovers.

Olly Plus – A Celebration of Odia Content Olly Plus (https://www.youtube.com/OllyPlus) is Odisha’s dedicated OTT platform, catering specifically to Odia-speaking audiences. It features a rich selection of Odia movies, music, and podcasts, making it a hub for cultural and entertainment enthusiasts.

What Sets Olly Plus Apart? Exclusive Odia-language movies, music, and short films A platform dedicated to preserving and promoting Odia storytelling Inclusion of music, podcasts, and cultural content With Odia entertainment often underrepresented in mainstream media, Olly Plus plays a crucial role in bringing high-quality Odia content to its audience.

Aha Video – The Ultimate Destination for Telugu & Tamil Viewers Aha Video (https://www.aha.video/) has carved a niche in the Best OTT Platform industry by delivering high-quality Telugu and Tamil entertainment. From blockbuster movies to gripping web series, Aha Video ensures South Indian audiences have access to exclusive content tailored to their preferences.

Why Aha Video is a Must-Try? Exclusive Telugu and Tamil movie collections Original series that cater to South Indian storytelling A strong focus on South Indian cinema and entertainment Its commitment to regional cinema ensures that fans of Telugu and Tamil content always have something fresh and exciting to watch.

Why the Best OTT Platforms Matter for Regional Audiences As the streaming industry expands, the importance of theOTT Platform options for regional audiences cannot be overlooked. They not only cater to language-specific audiences but also help preserve and promote local cultures while making global content more accessible.

The Rise of the Best OTT Platforms for Regional Content: They bridge the gap between global cinema and local audiences Viewers can enjoy Hollywood and indie films in their native language Regional content platforms contribute to cultural storytelling and preservation Whether it’s the Hollywood-dubbed collection of DOD, the Bengali storytelling of Hoichoi, the Odia exclusives of Olly Plus, or the South Indian cinema of Aha Video, each platform plays a vital role in reshaping digital entertainment in India.

The Final Verdict – Which is the Best OTT Platform? Choosing the Best OTT Platform depends on your content preferences. If you are looking for international cinema in regional languages, Dimension on Demand (DOD) is the perfect choice. For regional entertainment lovers, Hoichoi, Olly Plus, and Aha Video offer excellent options tailored to specific linguistic audiences.

With DOD leading the way in bringing global entertainment to regional audiences, it's clear that the future ofOTT lies in localization and accessibility. Whether you're a fan of Hollywood, Bengali dramas, Odia storytelling, or Tamil blockbusters, there’s an OTT platform designed just for you.

Want to experience Hollywood like never before? Watch your favorite global films in your language on Dimension on Demand (DOD). Subscribe now and explore an ever-growing collection of blockbuster movies!

@ fd78c37f:a0ec0833

Bitcoin is redefining finance, and in Asia—Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, and beyond—developers, entrepreneurs, and communities are fueling this revolution. YakiHonne, a decentralized social payments app built on Nostr, sat down with Gio (nostr:npub1yrnuj56rnen08zp2h9h7p74ghgjx6ma39spmpj6w9hzxywutevsst7k5cx), a core member of Thailand’s Sats ‘N’ Facts community, to explore their mission of fostering open-source Bitcoin development. In this interview, Gio shares the origins of Sats ‘N’ Facts, the challenges of hosting Bitcoin-focused events in Asia, and how these efforts are shaping adoption across the region.

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YakiHonne: Can you tell us about yourself and how Sats ‘N’ Facts came to life? What sparked your Bitcoin journey?

Gio: I’m originally from Europe but have called Thailand home for six years. My Bitcoin story began while working at a commercial bank, where I saw the fiat system’s flaws firsthand—things like the Cantillon Effect, where money printing favors the connected few, felt deeply unfair. That discomfort led me to Andreas Antonopoulos’ videos, which opened my eyes to Bitcoin’s potential. After moving to Bangkok, I joined the open-source scene at BOB Space, collaborating with folks on tech projects.

Sats ‘N’ Facts grew out of that spirit. We wanted to create a Bitcoin-focused community to support developers and builders in Asia. Our recent conference in Chiang Mai brought together over 70 enthusiasts from Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and beyond, sparking collaborations like a new Lightning Network tool. It was a milestone in connecting the region’s Bitcoin ecosystem.

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YakiHonne: What inspired the Sats ‘N’ Facts conference, and how did you attract attendees?

Gio: The event was born from a desire to create a high-signal, low-noise space for Freedom Tech in Asia. While the U.S. and Europe host major Bitcoin events, Asia’s scene is still emerging under commercial stunts. We aimed to bridge that gap, uniting developers, educators, and enthusiasts to discuss real innovations—no altcoins, no corporate agendas. Our focus was on open-source projects like Bitcoin Core, Ark, Cashu, fostering conversations that could lead to tangible contributions.

Attracting attendees wasn’t easy. We leveraged local networks, reaching out to Bitcoin communities in neighboring countries via Nostr and Telegram. Posts on X helped spread the word, and we saw developers from Laos join for the first time, which was thrilling. Sponsors like Fulgur Ventures, Utreexo, and the Bitcoin Development Kit Foundation played a huge role, covering costs so we could keep the event free and accessible.

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YakiHonne: What challenges did you face organizing the conference in Asia?

Gio: It was a steep learning curve. Funding was the biggest hurdle—early on, we struggled to cover venue and travel costs. Thankfully, our sponsors stepped in, letting me focus on logistics, which were no small feat either. As a first-time organizer, I underestimated the chaos of a tight timeline. Day one felt like herding cats without a fixed agenda, but the energy was electric—developers debugging code together, newcomers asking big questions.

Another challenge was cultural. Bitcoin’s still niche in Asia, so convincing locals to attend took persistence; there was no local presence for some reason. Despite the hiccups, we pulled it off, hosting 60+ attendees and sparking ideas for new projects, like a Cashu wallet integration. I’d tweak the planning next time, but the raw passion made it unforgettable.

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YakiHonne: How does YakiHonne’s vision of decentralized social payments align with Sats ‘N’ Facts’ goals? Could tools like ours support your community?

Gio: That’s a great question. YakiHonne’s approach—merging Nostr’s censorship-resistant communication with Lightning payments—fits perfectly with our mission to empower users through open tech. At Sats ‘N’ Facts, we’re all about tools that give people control, whether it’s code or money. An app like YakiHonne could streamline community funding, letting developers tip each other for contributions or crowdfund projects directly. Imagine a hackathon where winners get sats instantly via YakiHonne—it’d be a game-changer. I’d love to see you guys at our next event to demo it!

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YakiHonne: What advice would you give to someone starting a Bitcoin-focused community or event?

Gio: First, keep it Bitcoin-only. Stay true to the principles—cut out distractions like altcoins or hype-driven schemes. Start small: host regular meetups, maybe five people at a café, and build trust over time. Consistency and authenticity beat flashiness in the medium and long term.

Second, involve technical folks. Developers bring credibility and clarity, explaining Bitcoin’s nuts and bolts in ways newcomers get. I admire how Andreas Antonopoulos bridges that gap—technical yet accessible. You need that foundation to grow a real community.

Finally, lean on existing networks. If you know someone running a Bitcoin meetup in another city, collaborate. Share ideas, speakers, or even livestreams. Nostr’s great for this—our Laos attendees found us through a single post. Relationships are everything.

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YakiHonne: Does Sats ‘N’ Facts focus more on Bitcoin’s technical side, non-technical side, or both?

Gio: We blend both. Our event had workshops for coders alongside talks for beginners on why Bitcoin matters. Open-source is our heartbeat, though. If you’re starting out, dive into projects like Bitcoin Core or Lightning. Review a pull request, test a Cashu wallet, or join a hackathon. One developer at our event built a Lightning micropayment tool that’s now live on GitHub.

There’s no shortage of ways to contribute. Community calls, forums, residency programs, and platforms like Geyser Fund are goldmines. YakiHonne could amplify this—imagine tipping developers for bug fixes via your app. It’s about iterating until you create something real.

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YakiHonne: Your work is inspiring, Gio. Sats ‘N’ Facts is uniting Asia’s Bitcoin communities in a powerful way. What’s next for you?

Gio: Thanks for the kind words! We’re just getting started. The Chiang Mai event showed what’s possible—connecting developers across borders, reviewing and launching code and testing upcoming technologies. Next, we’re planning smaller hackathons and other events to keep the momentum going, maybe in Vietnam, Indonesia or Korea. I’d love to integrate tools like YakiHonne to fund these efforts directly through Nostr payments. Long-term, we want Sats ‘N’ Facts to be a hub for Asia’s Bitcoin builders, proving open-source can thrive here.

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YakiHonne: Thank you, Gio, for sharing Sats ‘N’ Facts incredible journey. Your work is lighting a path for Bitcoin in Asia, and we’re honored to tell this story.

To our readers: Bitcoin’s future depends on communities like Sats ‘N’ Facts—and you can join the revolution. Download YakiHonne on Nostr to connect with builders, send Lightning payments, and explore the decentralized world. Follow Sats ‘N’ Facts for their next hackathon, and let’s build freedom tech together!

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

Listr

Lister.lol represents a sophisticated web application engineered specifically for the administration and management of Nostr lists. This feature is intrinsically embedded within the Nostr protocol, facilitating users in the curation of personalized feeds and the exploration of novel content. Although its current functionality remains relatively rudimentary, the platform encapsulates substantial potential for enhanced collaborative list management, as well as seamless integration with disparate client applications, effectively functioning as a micro-app within the broader ecosystem.

The trajectory of Nostr is oriented towards the development of robust developer tools (namely, the Nostr Development Kit - NDK), the establishment of comprehensive educational resources, and the cultivation of a dynamic and engaged community of developers and builders.

The overarching strategy emphasizes a decentralized paradigm, prioritizing the growth of small-scale, sustainable enterprises over the dominance of large, centralized corporations. In this regard, a rigorous experimentation with diverse monetization frameworks and the establishment of straightforward, user-friendly applications are deemed critical for the sustained evolution and scalability of the Nostr platform. Nostr's commitment to a decentralized, 'nagar-style' model of development distinguishes it markedly from the more conventional 'cathedral' methodologies employed by other platforms. As it fosters a broad spectrum of developmental outcomes while inherently embracing the properties of emergence. Such principles stand in stark contrast to within a traditional environment, centralized Web2 startup ecosystem, which is why all people need a chance to develop a significant shift towards a more adaptive and responsive design philosophy in involving #Nostr and #Bitcoin.

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

เรามาดูกันครับว่า Precision Fermentation ของ Perfect Day เค้าใช้อะไรเป็นกำลังสำคัญในการหมัก ให้ได้สินค้ามูลค่ามหาศาล ท้าวความกันก่อนว่า Perfect Day เป็นบริษัทที่ผลิต เวย์โปรตีนได้ โดยไม่ต้องใช้วัวเลยแม้แต่นิดเดียว ด้วยการใช้จุลินทรีย์

Microflora ฟาร์มวัวยุคใหม่ ที่ไม่มีวัว ถ้าคุณเคยดูสารคดีธรรมชาติ แล้วเห็นภาพป่าดิบเขียวชอุ่มที่แต่ละสิ่งมีชีวิตทำหน้าที่ของมันอย่างกลมกลืนกัน ทั้งแมลงที่บินไปมา เชื้อราที่แอบฝังรากอยู่ใต้ใบไม้ หรือจุลินทรีย์ที่ไม่เห็นด้วยตาเปล่าแต่ทำงานหนักอยู่ใต้ดิน... โลกของ microflora ก็ไม่ต่างอะไรกับ “จักรวาลจิ๋ว” แบบนั้นเลย

Microflora คืออะไร? microflora เป็นศัพท์ที่นักวิทยาศาสตร์ใช้เรียกสิ่งมีชีวิตขนาดจิ๋วที่มองไม่เห็นด้วยตาเปล่า แต่มีชีวิตจริงๆ แบบครบสูตร คือเจริญเติบโตได้ แบ่งตัวได้ กินได้ เหมือนสิ่งมีชีวิตอื่นๆ เป๊ะๆ มาจาก micro กับ flora

พอพูดถึงคำว่า “flora” บางคนอาจนึกถึงต้นไม้ แต่ในความหมายนี้ มันกว้างกว่านั้นมาก เพราะ “microflora” ไม่ได้จำกัดแค่พืช แต่หมายถึงสิ่งมีชีวิตจิ๋วจากหลากหลายอาณาจักรในธรรมชาติ เช่น ฟังไจ (Fungi) — ไม่ใช่แค่เห็ดที่เรากินกัน แต่รวมถึงเชื้อราจิ๋วที่อยู่ในดินและอากาศ ที่เก่งเรื่องการปล่อยเอนไซม์ย่อยอาหารนอกตัว แล้วดูดสารอาหารเข้าไป แบคทีเรีย (Bacteria) — นักแบ่งตัวมือโปรที่อยู่ในทุกที่ตั้งแต่ดินในสวน ยันในลำไส้เรา โพรทิสต์ (Protists) — กลุ่มที่เหลือๆ ที่ไม่เข้าพวกกับใคร เช่น สาหร่ายบางชนิด หรืออะมีบา

microflora เหล่านี้เหมือนพนักงานจิ๋วที่ทำหน้าที่เฉพาะทาง บางตัวเก่งเรื่องสร้างโปรตีน บางตัวสร้างไขมัน บางตัวสังเคราะห์วิตามินเก่งสุดๆ เลยกลายเป็นขุมพลังที่มนุษย์เริ่มหันมาใช้มากขึ้นเรื่อยๆ

ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างมนุษย์กับ microflora ไม่ใช่เรื่องใหม่เลย เราหมักเบียร์ ทำโยเกิร์ต ดองกิมจิ และทำซีอิ๊วจากถั่วเหลืองด้วยกระบวนการที่เรียกว่า “fermentation” หรือ “การหมัก” มานานหลายพันปีแล้ว ซึ่งเป็นการอาศัยพลังของจุลินทรีย์ธรรมชาติให้สร้างรสชาติ วิตามิน หรือย่อยของที่เรากินให้ดูดซึมง่ายขึ้น แต่วันนี้โลกไปไกลกว่านั้นมาก เพราะเราสามารถสอนจุลินทรีย์ให้ผลิต “โปรตีนเฉพาะแบบ” ได้ตามต้องการ กระบวนการนี้เรียกว่า Precision Fermentation หรือ “การหมักแบบแม่นยำ” ฟังดูเหมือนห้องทดลองของ Iron Man เลยเนอะ

Perfect Day ใช้วิธีนี้ในการผลิต เวย์โปรตีน แบบไม่ต้องรีดนมจากวัวเลยสักหยด ด้วยการใช้ “เชื้อราจิ๋ว” ชนิดหนึ่งที่มีชื่อสายวิทยาศาสตร์ว่า Trichoderma

ทำไมต้อง Trichoderma? เจ้า Trichoderma ไม่ใช่เชื้อราหน้าตาน่ากลัวแบบในหนังสยองขวัญ แต่มันคือเชื้อราที่อยู่ในดินมานานกว่า 70 ปีแล้ว และเป็นที่รู้กันในวงการวิทยาศาสตร์ว่า มันเก่งเรื่องการผลิตเอนไซม์ที่ย่อยไม้ ย่อยใบไม้ ย่อยสิ่งมีชีวิตอื่นในธรรมชาติได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ จึงเป็นเหมือน “โรงงานย่อยอาหาร” ชั้นเลิศ

นักวิทยาศาสตร์ของ Perfect Day เห็นแววก็เลยจับมันมา “ฝึกงาน” ใหม่ โดยใช้กระบวนการที่เรียกว่า strain engineering หรือ “การออกแบบสายพันธุ์” พูดง่ายๆ ก็คือ ใส่รหัสพันธุกรรม (เหมือนคำสั่งงาน) เข้าไปให้มันผลิตโปรตีนจากนมได้ เช่น beta-lactoglobulin ซึ่งเป็นโปรตีนตัวหลักของเวย์ในน้ำนมวัว

เมื่อ Trichoderma อ่านคำสั่งนี้ออก มันก็เริ่มเดินเครื่องผลิตโปรตีนตามที่เราสั่ง เหมือนเป็น “วัวในห้องแล็บ” ที่ไม่มีเสียงร้อง ไม่มีปุ๋ยคอก และไม่ต้องเลี้ยงด้วยหญ้า

microflora = วัวจิ๋วยุคใหม่

ลองจินตนาการว่าถ้าในอดีตเราต้องเลี้ยงวัวจริงๆ เพื่อให้ได้โปรตีนจากนม วันนี้เราใช้แค่จุลินทรีย์จิ๋วในถังหมัก แล้วป้อน “อาหาร” ให้มันเป็นน้ำตาลจากพืช (เช่น ข้าวโพด !!! เป็นง่ะ ข้าวโพดอีกแล้ว) มันก็จะเปลี่ยนคาร์โบไฮเดรตเหล่านั้นให้กลายเป็นโปรตีน หรือไขมัน หรือสารที่เราต้องการได้แบบแม่นยำ

microflora ไม่ใช่สัตว์ แต่ก็ทำหน้าที่แทนสัตว์ได้ พวกมันไม่มีสมอง ไม่มีระบบประสาท ไม่รู้สึกเจ็บ ไม่เบื่อ ไม่หิวข้าว ไม่ต้องการวันหยุด แต่มันมี “ความสามารถ” ที่เราสามารถดึงมาใช้ให้เกิดประโยชน์ได้อย่างน่าทึ่ง

ข้อดีของ microflora -เลี้ยงง่าย แค่ให้คาร์บ (จากพืช) ก็พร้อมทำงาน -ไม่ต้องใช้พื้นที่เยอะ ผลิตในถังหมัก ไม่ต้องใช้ทุ่งหญ้ากว้างๆ แบบฟาร์มวัว -ควบคุมคุณภาพได้ ผลิตโปรตีนได้สม่ำเสมอ ปราศจากสารก่อภูมิแพ้หรือยาปฏิชีวนะ -ลดการปล่อยก๊าซเรือนกระจก เพราะไม่ต้องเลี้ยงสัตว์ที่ปล่อยมีเทน

microflora จึงเป็น “เพื่อนร่วมงานที่เล็กที่สุด” แต่ก็อาจจะทรงพลังที่สุดในครัวของอนาคต และแม้เราจะยังยึดมั่นกับ animal-based diet อยู่ แต่ผมคิดว่าเรื่องนี้ก็น่าสนใจในฐานะ เทคโนโลยีที่กำลังท้าทายโลก fiat food อีกแนวทางหนึ่ง เพราะมันไม่ใช่พืชประดิษฐ์ ไม่ใช่แป้ง+สี+กลิ่น+สารพัด additive แต่คือ “การสร้างโปรตีนแท้” ด้วยความรู้ทางวิทยาศาสตร์ ที่เอื้อให้มนุษย์เลิกพึ่งวัวโดยตรง

ไม่แน่ว่าวันหนึ่ง แทนที่จะมีฟาร์มวัวเลี้ยงวัว 500 ตัวเพื่อผลิตเวย์ 1 ตัน เราอาจมีแค่ถังหมัก 1 ถัง ที่เลี้ยงเชื้อรา 500 ล้านตัว แล้วได้เวย์โปรตีนคุณภาพเดียวกัน...โดยไม่ต้องมีเสียง "มอ" เลยสักแอะ

แต่คำถามสำคัญคือ เราจะมีฟาร์มนั้นได้ไหม หรือได้แต่ทำหน้าที่ซื้อนมมารับประทานเท่านั้น

#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4

SISTEMA OPERACIONAL MÓVEIS

GrapheneOS : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs8t76evdgrg4qegdtyrq2rved63pr29wlqyj627n9tj4vlu66tqpqpzdmhxue69uhk7enxvd5xz6tw9ec82c30qgsyh28gd5ke0ztdeyehc0jsq6gcj0tnzatjlkql3dqamkja38fjmeqrqsqqqqqppcqec9

CalyxOS : https://njump.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

LineageOS : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsgw7sr36gaty48cf4snw0ezg5mg4atzhqayuge752esd469p26qfgpzdmhxue69uhhwmm59e6hg7r09ehkuef0qgsyh28gd5ke0ztdeyehc0jsq6gcj0tnzatjlkql3dqamkja38fjmeqrqsqqqqqpnvm779

SISTEMA OPERACIONAL DESKTOP

Tails : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsf09ztvuu60g6xprazv2vxqqy5qlxjs4dkc9d36ta48q75cs9le4qpzemhxue69uhkummnw3ex2mrfw3jhxtn0wfnj7q3qfw5wsmfdj7ykmjfn0sl9qp533y7hx96h9lvplz6pmhd9mzwn9hjqxpqqqqqqz34ag5t

Qubes OS : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsp6jujgwl68uvurw0cw3hfhr40xq20sj7rl3z4yzwnhp9sdpa7augpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyctwvshsz9thwden5te0dehhxarj9ehhsarj9ejx2a30qyg8wumn8ghj7mn09eehgu3wvdez7qg4waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t09uqjxamnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3dwejhy6txd9jkgtnhv4kxcmmjv3jhytnwv46z7qgwwaehxw309ahx7uewd3hkctcpremhxue69uhkummnw3ez6er9wch8wetvd3hhyer9wghxuet59uj3ljr8

Kali linux : https://njump.me/nevent1qqswlav72xdvamuyp9xc38c6t7070l3n2uxu67ssmal2g7gv35nmvhspzpmhxue69uhkumewwd68ytnrwghsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqswt9rxe

Whonix : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs85gvejvzhk086lwh6edma7fv07p5c3wnwnxnzthwwntg2x6773egpydmhxue69uhkummnw3ez6an9wf5kv6t9vsh8wetvd3hhyer9wghxuet59uq3qamnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3wd4hk6tcpzemhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnrdqhxu6twdfsj7qfywaehxw309ahx7um5wgh8ymm4dej8ymmrdd3xjarrda5kuetjwvhxxmmd9uq3wamnwvaz7tmzw33ju6mvv4hxgct6w5hxxmmd9uq3qamnwvaz7tmwduh8xarj9e3hytcpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhszrnhwden5te0dehhxtnvdakz7qg7waehxw309ahx7um5wgkkgetk9emk2mrvdaexgetj9ehx2ap0sen9p6

Kodachi : https://njump.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

PGP

Openkeychain : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs9qtjgsulp76t7jkquf8nk8txs2ftsr0qke6mjmsc2svtwfvswzyqpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqs36mp0w

Kleopatra : https://njump.me/nevent1qqspnevn932hdggvp4zam6mfyce0hmnxsp9wp8htpumq9vm3anq6etsppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qgsyh28gd5ke0ztdeyehc0jsq6gcj0tnzatjlkql3dqamkja38fjmeqrqsqqqqqpuaeghp

Pgp : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsggek707qf3rzttextmgqhym6d4g479jdnlnj78j96y0ut0x9nemcpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuurjd9kkzmpwdejhgtczyp9636rd9ktcjmwfxd7ru5qxjxyn6uch2uhas8utg8wa5hvf6vk7gqcyqqqqqqgptemhe

Como funciona o PGP? : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsz9r7azc8pkvfmkg2hv0nufaexjtnvga0yl85x9hu7ptpg20gxxpspremhxue69uhkummnw3ez6ur4vgh8wetvd3hhyer9wghxuet59upzqjagapkjm9ufdhynxlp72qrfrzfawvt4wt7cr795rhw6tkyaxt0yqvzqqqqqqy259fhs

Por que eu escrevi PGP. - Philip Zimmermann.

https://njump.me/nevent1qqsvysn94gm8prxn3jw04r0xwc6sngkskg756z48jsyrmqssvxtm7ncpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtchzxnad

VPN

Vpn : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs27ltgsr6mh4ffpseexz6s37355df3zsur709d0s89u2nugpcygsspzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqshzu2fk

InviZible Pro : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsvyevf2vld23a3xrpvarc72ndpcmfvc3lc45jej0j5kcsg36jq53cpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfdupzqjagapkjm9ufdhynxlp72qrfrzfawvt4wt7cr795rhw6tkyaxt0yqvzqqqqqqy33y5l4

Orbot: https://njump.me/nevent1qqsxswkyt6pe34egxp9w70cy83h40ururj6m9sxjdmfass4cjm4495stft593

I2P

i2p : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsvnj8n983r4knwjmnkfyum242q4c0cnd338l4z8p0m6xsmx89mxkslx0pgg

Entendendo e usando a rede I2P : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsxchp5ycpatjf5s4ag25jkawmw6kkf64vl43vnprxdcwrpnms9qkcppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qgsyh28gd5ke0ztdeyehc0jsq6gcj0tnzatjlkql3dqamkja38fjmeqrqsqqqqqpvht4mn

Criando e acessando sua conta Email na I2P : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs9v9dz897kh8e5lfar0dl7ljltf2fpdathsn3dkdsq7wg4ksr8xfgpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qgsyh28gd5ke0ztdeyehc0jsq6gcj0tnzatjlkql3dqamkja38fjmeqrqsqqqqqpw8mzum

APLICATIVO 2FA

Aegis Authenticator : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsfttdwcn9equlrmtf9n6wee7lqntppzm03pzdcj4cdnxel3pz44zspz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzvuhsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqscvtydq

YubiKey : https://njump.me/nevent1qqstsnn69y4sf4330n7039zxm7wza3ch7sn6plhzmd57w6j9jssavtspvemhxue69uhkv6tvw3jhytnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0dec82c330g6x6dm8ddmxzdne0pnhverevdkxxdm6wqc8v735w3snquejvsuk56pcvuurxaesxd68qdtkv3nrx6m6v3ehsctwvym8q0mzwfhkzerrv9ehg0t5wf6k2q3qfw5wsmfdj7ykmjfn0sl9qp533y7hx96h9lvplz6pmhd9mzwn9hjqxpqqqqqqzueyvgt

GERENCIADOR DE SENHAS

KeepassDX: https://njump.me/nevent1qqswc850dr4ujvxnmpx75jauflf4arc93pqsty5pv8hxdm7lcw8ee8qpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qgsyh28gd5ke0ztdeyehc0jsq6gcj0tnzatjlkql3dqamkja38fjmeqrqsqqqqqpe0492n

Birwaden: https://njump.me/nevent1qqs0j5x9guk2v6xumhwqmftmcz736m9nm9wzacqwjarxmh8k4xdyzwgpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qgsyh28gd5ke0ztdeyehc0jsq6gcj0tnzatjlkql3dqamkja38fjmeqrqsqqqqqpwfe2kc

KeePassXC: https://njump.me/nevent1qqsgftcrd8eau7tzr2p9lecuaf7z8mx5jl9w2k66ae3lzkw5wqcy5pcl2achp

CHAT MENSAGEM

SimpleXchat : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsds5xselnnu0dyy0j49peuun72snxcgn3u55d2320n37rja9gk8lgzyp9636rd9ktcjmwfxd7ru5qxjxyn6uch2uhas8utg8wa5hvf6vk7gqcyqqqqqqgmcmj7c

Briar : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs8rrtgvjr499hreugetrl7adkhsj2zextyfsukq5aa7wxthrgcqcg05n434

Element Messenger : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsq05snlqtxm5cpzkshlf8n5d5rj9383vjytkvqp5gta37hpuwt4mqyccee6

Pidgin : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsz7kngycyx7meckx53xk8ahk98jkh400usrvykh480xa4ct9zlx2c2ywvx3

E-MAIL

Thunderbird: https://njump.me/nevent1qqspq64gg0nw7t60zsvea5eykgrm43paz845e4jn74muw5qzdvve7uqrkwtjh

ProtonMail : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs908glhk68e7ms8zqtlsqd00wu3prnpt08dwre26hd6e5fhqdw99cppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qgsyh28gd5ke0ztdeyehc0jsq6gcj0tnzatjlkql3dqamkja38fjmeqrqsqqqqqpeyhg4z

Tutonota : https://njump.me/nevent1qqswtzh9zjxfey644qy4jsdh9465qcqd2wefx0jxa54gdckxjvkrrmqpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumt0wd68ytnsw43qygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqs5hzhkv

k-9 mail : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs200g5a603y7utjgjk320r3srurrc4r66nv93mcg0x9umrw52ku5gpr3mhxue69uhkummnw3ezuumhd9ehxtt9de5kwmtp9e3kstczyp9636rd9ktcjmwfxd7ru5qxjxyn6uch2uhas8utg8wa5hvf6vk7gqcyqqqqqqgacflak

E-MAIL-ALIÁS

Simplelogin : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsvhz5pxqpqzr2ptanqyqgsjr50v7u9lc083fvdnglhrv36rnceppcppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qgsyh28gd5ke0ztdeyehc0jsq6gcj0tnzatjlkql3dqamkja38fjmeqrqsqqqqqp9gsr7m

AnonAddy : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs9mcth70mkq2z25ws634qfn7vx2mlva3tkllayxergw0s7p8d3ggcpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqs6mawe3

NAVEGADOR

Navegador Tor : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs06qfxy7wzqmk76l5d8vwyg6mvcye864xla5up52fy5sptcdy39lspzemhxue69uhkummnw3ezuerpw3sju6rpw4ej7q3qfw5wsmfdj7ykmjfn0sl9qp533y7hx96h9lvplz6pmhd9mzwn9hjqxpqqqqqqzdp0urw

Mullvap Browser : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs2vsgc3wk09wdspv2mezltgg7nfdg97g0a0m5cmvkvr4nrfxluzfcpzdmhxue69uhhwmm59e6hg7r09ehkuef0qgsyh28gd5ke0ztdeyehc0jsq6gcj0tnzatjlkql3dqamkja38fjmeqrqsqqqqqpj8h6fe

LibreWolf : https://njump.me/nevent1qqswv05mlmkcuvwhe8x3u5f0kgwzug7n2ltm68fr3j06xy9qalxwq2cpzemhxue69uhkummnw3ex2mrfw3jhxtn0wfnj7q3qfw5wsmfdj7ykmjfn0sl9qp533y7hx96h9lvplz6pmhd9mzwn9hjqxpqqqqqqzuv2hxr

Cromite : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs2ut83arlu735xp8jf87w5m3vykl4lv5nwkhldkqwu3l86khzzy4cpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqs3dplt7

BUSCADORES

Searx : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsxyzpvgzx00n50nrlgctmy497vkm2cm8dd5pdp7fmw6uh8xnxdmaspr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qgsyh28gd5ke0ztdeyehc0jsq6gcj0tnzatjlkql3dqamkja38fjmeqrqsqqqqqp23z7ax

APP-STORE

Obtainium : https://njump.me/nevent1qqstd8kzc5w3t2v6dgf36z0qrruufzfgnc53rj88zcjgsagj5c5k4rgpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfdupzqjagapkjm9ufdhynxlp72qrfrzfawvt4wt7cr795rhw6tkyaxt0yqvzqqqqqqyarmca3

F-Droid : https://njump.me/nevent1qqst4kry49cc9g3g8s5gdnpgyk3gjte079jdnv43f0x4e85cjkxzjesymzuu4

Droid-ify : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsrr8yu9luq0gud902erdh8gw2lfunpe93uc2u6g8rh9ep7wt3v4sgpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqsfzu9vk

Aurora Store : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsy69kcaf0zkcg0qnu90mtk46ly3p2jplgpzgk62wzspjqjft4fpjgpvemhxue69uhkv6tvw3jhytnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0dec82c330g6x6dm8ddmxzdne0pnhverevdkxxdm6wqc8v735w3snquejvsuk56pcvuurxaesxd68qdtkv3nrx6m6v3ehsctwvym8q0mzwfhkzerrv9ehg0t5wf6k2q3qfw5wsmfdj7ykmjfn0sl9qp533y7hx96h9lvplz6pmhd9mzwn9hjqxpqqqqqqzrpmsjy

RSS

Feeder : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsy29aeggpkmrc7t3c7y7ldgda7pszl7c8hh9zux80gjzrfvlhfhwqpp4mhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mqzyp9636rd9ktcjmwfxd7ru5qxjxyn6uch2uhas8utg8wa5hvf6vk7gqcyqqqqqqgsvzzjy

VIDEOO CONFERENCIA

Jitsi meet : https://njump.me/nevent1qqswphw67hr6qmt2fpugcj77jrk7qkfdrszum7vw7n2cu6cx4r6sh4cgkderr

TECLADOS

HeliBoard : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsyqpc4d28rje03dcvshv4xserftahhpeylu2ez2jutdxwds4e8syspz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqsr8mel5

OpenBoard : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsf7zqkup03yysy67y43nj48q53sr6yym38es655fh9fp6nxpl7rqspzpmhxue69uhkumewwd68ytnrwghsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqswcvh3r

FlorisBoard : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsf7zqkup03yysy67y43nj48q53sr6yym38es655fh9fp6nxpl7rqspzpmhxue69uhkumewwd68ytnrwghsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqswcvh3r

MAPAS

Osmand : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsxryp2ywj64az7n5p6jq5tn3tx5jv05te48dtmmt3lf94ydtgy4fgpzpmhxue69uhkumewwd68ytnrwghsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqs54nwpj

Organic maps : https://njump.me/nevent1qqstrecuuzkw0dyusxdq7cuwju0ftskl7anx978s5dyn4pnldrkckzqpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezumtp0p5k6ctrd96xzer9dshx7un8qgsyh28gd5ke0ztdeyehc0jsq6gcj0tnzatjlkql3dqamkja38fjmeqrqsqqqqqpl8z3kk

TRADUÇÃO

LibreTranslate : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs953g3rhf0m8jh59204uskzz56em9xdrjkelv4wnkr07huk20442cpvemhxue69uhkv6tvw3jhytnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0dec82c330g6x6dm8ddmxzdne0pnhverevdkxxdm6wqc8v735w3snquejvsuk56pcvuurxaesxd68qdtkv3nrx6m6v3ehsctwvym8q0mzwfhkzerrv9ehg0t5wf6k2q3qfw5wsmfdj7ykmjfn0sl9qp533y7hx96h9lvplz6pmhd9mzwn9hjqxpqqqqqqzeqsx40

REMOÇÃO DOS METADADOS

Scrambled Exif : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs2658t702xv66p000y4mlhnvadmdxwzzfzcjkjf7kedrclr3ej7aspyfmhxue69uhk6atvw35hqmr90pjhytngw4eh5mmwv4nhjtnhdaexcep0qgsyh28gd5ke0ztdeyehc0jsq6gcj0tnzatjlkql3dqamkja38fjmeqrqsqqqqqpguu0wh

ESTEGANOGRAFIA

PixelKnot: https://njump.me/nevent1qqsrh0yh9mg0lx86t5wcmhh97wm6n4v0radh6sd0554ugn354wqdj8gpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfdupzqjagapkjm9ufdhynxlp72qrfrzfawvt4wt7cr795rhw6tkyaxt0yqvzqqqqqqyuvfqdp

PERFIL DE TRABALHO

Shelter : https://njump.me/nevent1qqspv9xxkmfp40cxgjuyfsyczndzmpnl83e7gugm7480mp9zhv50wkqpvemhxue69uhkv6tvw3jhytnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0dec82c330g6x6dm8ddmxzdne0pnhverevdkxxdm6wqc8v735w3snquejvsuk56pcvuurxaesxd68qdtkv3nrx6m6v3ehsctwvym8q0mzwfhkzerrv9ehg0t5wf6k2q3qfw5wsmfdj7ykmjfn0sl9qp533y7hx96h9lvplz6pmhd9mzwn9hjqxpqqqqqqzdnu59c

PDF

MuPDF : https://njump.me/nevent1qqspn5lhe0dteys6npsrntmv2g470st8kh8p7hxxgmymqa95ejvxvfcpzpmhxue69uhkumewwd68ytnrwghsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqs4hvhvj

Librera Reader : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsg60flpuf00sash48fexvwxkly2j5z9wjvjrzt883t3eqng293f3cpvemhxue69uhkv6tvw3jhytnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0dec82c330g6x6dm8ddmxzdne0pnhverevdkxxdm6wqc8v735w3snquejvsuk56pcvuurxaesxd68qdtkv3nrx6m6v3ehsctwvym8q0mzwfhkzerrv9ehg0t5wf6k2q3qfw5wsmfdj7ykmjfn0sl9qp533y7hx96h9lvplz6pmhd9mzwn9hjqxpqqqqqqz39tt3n

QR-Code

Binary Eye : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsz4n0uxxx3q5m0r42n9key3hchtwyp73hgh8l958rtmae5u2khgpgpvemhxue69uhkv6tvw3jhytnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0dec82c330g6x6dm8ddmxzdne0pnhverevdkxxdm6wqc8v735w3snquejvsuk56pcvuurxaesxd68qdtkv3nrx6m6v3ehsctwvym8q0mzwfhkzerrv9ehg0t5wf6k2q3qfw5wsmfdj7ykmjfn0sl9qp533y7hx96h9lvplz6pmhd9mzwn9hjqxpqqqqqqzdmn4wp

Climático

Breezy Weather : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs9hjz5cz0y4am3kj33xn536uq85ydva775eqrml52mtnnpe898rzspzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuurjd9kkzmpwdejhgtczyp9636rd9ktcjmwfxd7ru5qxjxyn6uch2uhas8utg8wa5hvf6vk7gqcyqqqqqqgpd3tu8

ENCRYPTS

Cryptomator : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsvchvnw779m20583llgg5nlu6ph5psewetlczfac5vgw83ydmfndspzpmhxue69uhkumewwd68ytnrwghsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqsx7ppw9

VeraCrypt : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsf6wzedsnrgq6hjk5c4jj66dxnplqwc4ygr46l8z3gfh38q2fdlwgm65ej3

EXTENSÕES

uBlock Origin : https://njump.me/nevent1qqswaa666lcj2c4nhnea8u4agjtu4l8q89xjln0yrngj7ssh72ntwzql8ssdj

Snowflake : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs0ws74zlt8uced3p2vee9td8x7vln2mkacp8szdufvs2ed94ctnwchce008

CLOUD

Nextcloud : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs2utg5z9htegdtrnllreuhypkk2026x8a0xdsmfczg9wdl8rgrcgg9nhgnm

NOTEPAD

Joplin : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsz2a0laecpelsznser3xd0jfa6ch2vpxtkx6vm6qg24e78xttpk0cpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qgsyh28gd5ke0ztdeyehc0jsq6gcj0tnzatjlkql3dqamkja38fjmeqrqsqqqqqpdu0hft

Standard Notes : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsv3596kz3qung5v23cjc4cpq7rqxg08y36rmzgcrvw5whtme83y3s7tng6r

MÚSICA

RiMusic : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsv3genqav2tfjllp86ust4umxm8tr2wd9kq8x7vrjq6ssp363mn0gpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuurjd9kkzmpwdejhgtczyp9636rd9ktcjmwfxd7ru5qxjxyn6uch2uhas8utg8wa5hvf6vk7gqcyqqqqqqg42353n

ViMusic : https://njump.me/nevent1qqswx78559l4jsxsrygd8kj32sch4qu57stxq0z6twwl450vp39pdqqpvemhxue69uhkv6tvw3jhytnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0dec82c330g6x6dm8ddmxzdne0pnhverevdkxxdm6wqc8v735w3snquejvsuk56pcvuurxaesxd68qdtkv3nrx6m6v3ehsctwvym8q0mzwfhkzerrv9ehg0t5wf6k2q3qfw5wsmfdj7ykmjfn0sl9qp533y7hx96h9lvplz6pmhd9mzwn9hjqxpqqqqqqzjg863j

PODCAST

AntennaPod : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsp4nh7k4a6zymfwqqdlxuz8ua6kdhvgeeh3uxf2c9rtp9u3e9ku8qnr8lmy

VISUALIZAR VIDEO

VLC : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs0lz56wtlr2eye4ajs2gzn2r0dscw4y66wezhx0mue6dffth8zugcl9laky

YOUTUBE

NewPipe : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsdg06qpcjdnlvgm4xzqdap0dgjrkjewhmh4j3v4mxdl4rjh8768mgdw9uln

FreeTube : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsz6y6z7ze5gs56s8seaws8v6m6j2zu0pxa955dhq3ythmexak38mcpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqs5lkjvv

LibreTube : https://snort.social/e/nevent1qqstmd5m6wrdvn4gxf8xyhrwnlyaxmr89c9kjddvnvux6603f84t3fqpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumt0wd68ytnsw43qygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqsswwznc

COMPARTILHAMENTO DE ARQUIVOS

OnionShare : https://njump.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

Localsend : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsp8ldjhrxm09cvvcak20hrc0g8qju9f67pw7rxr2y3euyggw9284gpvemhxue69uhkv6tvw3jhytnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0dec82c330g6x6dm8ddmxzdne0pnhverevdkxxdm6wqc8v735w3snquejvsuk56pcvuurxaesxd68qdtkv3nrx6m6v3ehsctwvym8q0mzwfhkzerrv9ehg0t5wf6k2q3qfw5wsmfdj7ykmjfn0sl9qp533y7hx96h9lvplz6pmhd9mzwn9hjqxpqqqqqqzuyghqr

Wallet Bitcoin

Ashigaru Wallet : https://njump.me/nevent1qqstx9fz8kf24wgl26un8usxwsqjvuec9f8q392llmga75tw0kfarfcpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuurjd9kkzmpwdejhgtczyp9636rd9ktcjmwfxd7ru5qxjxyn6uch2uhas8utg8wa5hvf6vk7gqcyqqqqqqgvfsrqp

Samourai Wallet : https://njump.me/nevent1qqstcvjmz39rmrnrv7t5cl6p3x7pzj6jsspyh4s4vcwd2lugmre04ecpr9mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucn0denkymmwvuhxxmmd9upzqjagapkjm9ufdhynxlp72qrfrzfawvt4wt7cr795rhw6tkyaxt0yqvzqqqqqqy3rg4qs

CÂMERA

opencamera : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs25glp6dh0crrjutxrgdjlnx9gtqpjtrkg29hlf7382aeyjd77jlqpzpmhxue69uhkumewwd68ytnrwghsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqssxcvgc

OFFICE

Collabora Office : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs8yn4ys6adpmeu3edmf580jhc3wluvlf823cc4ft4h0uqmfzdf99qpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqsj40uss

TEXTOS

O manifesto de um Cypherpunk : https://njump.me/nevent1qqsd7hdlg6galn5mcuv3pm3ryfjxc4tkyph0cfqqe4du4dr4z8amqyspvemhxue69uhkv6tvw3jhytnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0dec82c330g6x6dm8ddmxzdne0pnhverevdkxxdm6wqc8v735w3snquejvsuk56pcvuurxaesxd68qdtkv3nrx6m6v3ehsctwvym8q0mzwfhkzerrv9ehg0t5wf6k2q3qfw5wsmfdj7ykmjfn0sl9qp533y7hx96h9lvplz6pmhd9mzwn9hjqxpqqqqqqzal0efa

Operations security ( OPSEC) : https://snort.social/e/nevent1qqsp323havh3y9nxzd4qmm60hw87tm9gjns0mtzg8y309uf9mv85cqcpvemhxue69uhkv6tvw3jhytnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0dec82c330g6x6dm8ddmxzdne0pnhverevdkxxdm6wqc8v735w3snquejvsuk56pcvuurxaesxd68qdtkv3nrx6m6v3ehsctwvym8q0mzwfhkzerrv9ehg0t5wf6k2q3qfw5wsmfdj7ykmjfn0sl9qp533y7hx96h9lvplz6pmhd9mzwn9hjqxpqqqqqqz8ej9l7

O MANIFESTO CRIPTOANARQUISTA Timothy C. May – 1992. : https://njump.me/nevent1qqspp480wtyx2zhtwpu5gptrl8duv9rvq3mug85mp4d54qzywk3zq9gpvemhxue69uhkv6tvw3jhytnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0dec82c330g6x6dm8ddmxzdne0pnhverevdkxxdm6wqc8v735w3snquejvsuk56pcvuurxaesxd68qdtkv3nrx6m6v3ehsctwvym8q0mzwfhkzerrv9ehg0t5wf6k2q3qfw5wsmfdj7ykmjfn0sl9qp533y7hx96h9lvplz6pmhd9mzwn9hjqxpqqqqqqz5wq496

Declaração de independência do ciberespaço

• John Perry Barlow - 1996 : https://njump.me/nevent1qqs2njsy44n6p07mhgt2tnragvchasv386nf20ua5wklxqpttf6mzuqpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsygzt4r5x6tvh39kujvmu8egqdyvf84e3w4e0mq0ckswamfwcn5eduspsgqqqqqqsukg4hr

The Cyphernomicon: Criptografia, Dinheiro Digital e o Futuro da Privacidade. escrito por Timothy C. May -Publicado em 1994. :

Livro completo em PDF no Github PrivacyOpenSource.

https://github.com/Alexemidio/PrivacyOpenSource/raw/main/Livros/THE%20CYPHERNOMICON%20.pdf Share

@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4

FOSS Browser é um navegador Android totalmente livre e de código aberto (freedom/libre, no sentido de liberdade). Seu código-fonte é público e o aplicativo não solicita permissões desnecessárias. Ele é baseado no WebView do Android, com o objetivo de oferecer uma navegação simples, leve, eficiente e com uma interface agradável.

FOSS Browser é uma aplicação Android para navegação na internet. Por utilizar o WebView nativo do sistema, ele não possui um motor de renderização avançado como navegadores tradicionais, o que o torna mais leve e direto ao ponto.

O FOSS Browser permite salvar configurações específicas para cada domínio, o que ajuda a proteger sua privacidade. Para cada site visitado, é possível ativar ou desativar opções como:

• Bloqueador de anúncios (AdBlock);
• Execução de JavaScript;
• Uso de cookies;
• Proteção contra fingerprinting;
• E outras opções personalizáveis.

Para sites que não têm configurações salvas, você pode ajustar um perfil padrão conforme suas preferências.

Mais recursos de privacidade:

• AdBlock integrado, com atualizações automáticas. Você escolhe o que deseja bloquear. As listas são baseadas nos hosts do projeto Steven Black - AdBlock Hosts https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts
• Bloqueio de cookies de terceiros.
• Bloqueio de banners de consentimento de cookies.
• Habilitar ou desabilitar o preenchimento automático do Android.
• Apagar dados de navegação automaticamente ao sair do app.
• Escolher entre diferentes mecanismos de busca, ou definir um mecanismo personalizado.
• O próprio FOSS Browser não coleta nenhum dado dos usuários https://codeberg.org/Gaukler_Faun/FOSS_Browser/src/branch/master/PRIVACY.md

O FOSS Browser adota o design moderno do Material You, com suporte ao modo claro/escuro do sistema e temas baseados no papel de parede do dispositivo. A interface foi otimizada para uso com uma só mão, com todos os elementos principais localizados na parte inferior da tela.

Recursos adicionais:

• Manter a tela ligada durante a navegação;
• Abrir links em segundo plano;
• Restaurar abas automaticamente ao reiniciar o app.

Gerencie seus favoritos com filtros personalizados. Você pode nomear cada filtro como quiser. Ao pressionar e segurar o ícone de favoritos na barra de ferramentas, terá acesso rápido aos seus sites favoritos.

Gestos Personalizáveis Você pode atribuir quase 20 gestos diferentes à barra de ferramentas e aos seus botões, com suporte a quatro direções por gesto. Também é possível acionar ações ao pressionar e segurar os botões da barra, totalizando até 10 gestos diferentes para controlar o navegador.

Algumas ações disponíveis incluem:

• Carregar o último site acessado;
• Alternar entre abas;
• Recarregar a página;
• Abrir favoritos;
• E muito mais.

-Backup e Restauração

Faça backup de todos os seus dados e configurações importantes (favoritos, histórico, configurações por site, etc.) diretamente no cartão SD. Os backups também podem incluir as configurações gerais do FOSS Browser, e podem ser restaurados em uma instalação nova ou em outro dispositivo, bastando copiar os arquivos de backup.

Link Pra baixar no obtainium : https://codeberg.org/Gaukler_Faun/FOSS_Browser

Fdroid : https://f-droid.org/packages/de.baumann.browser/

https://codeberg.org/Gaukler_Faun/FOSS_Browser

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

Optimizing Knowledge Management with Obsidian and the Zettelkasten Method

The Zettelkasten method, which translates to "slip box" in German, is a powerful system for personal knowledge management developed by sociologist Niklas Luhmann. It relies on creating and linking small, self-contained notes that each represent a single idea or thought. These notes are connected through internal references, forming a dense web of knowledge that mirrors how ideas evolve and relate to each other naturally. By writing in small, atomic units, users are encouraged to distill complex concepts into their essence, improving understanding and retention.

Zettelkasten facilitates knowledge retention by encouraging active engagement with information. Instead of passively reading or highlighting, users must rephrase, question, and connect ideas. This process reinforces memory and builds a reusable archive of insights. The method also supports long-term idea development by creating an environment where thoughts grow organically through continuous linking, comparison, and reflection. For researchers and writers, Zettelkasten becomes a dynamic workspace for managing sources, forming arguments, and drafting structured content.

With the rise of digital tools, the Zettelkasten method has found a modern home in applications like Obsidian. Obsidian is a markdown-based note-taking app that allows users to create a network of interlinked notes stored locally on their device. It supports backlinks, graph views, and a customizable interface, making it ideal for implementing Zettelkasten. Unlike paper systems or linear document editors, Obsidian turns a note collection into an interactive, searchable, and scalable knowledge base. This evolution has made it easier than ever to adopt and maintain a Zettelkasten system for academic research, professional writing, and lifelong learning. - Problem Statement: Despite its effectiveness, many users struggle with implementing Zettelkasten in a way that integrates well into their daily routines. This thesis presents a streamlined, efficient setup using Obsidian for optimal results.

1. Install Obsidian

• Download Obsidian from the official website (https://obsidian.md) and install it on your preferred device (Windows, macOS, Linux, or mobile).
• Open the app and create a new Vault, which will serve as the central repository for all your notes.
• Choose a location for your vault. For backup and multi-device access, store it in a synced folder like Dropbox, OneDrive, or iCloud.

---

2. Folder Structure

Set up a simple, organized folder structure to support the Zettelkasten flow:

• 00_Templates: Store reusable note templates.
• 01_Source_Material: Notes from books, articles, lectures, etc.
• 02_Rough_Notes: Free-form, early-stage thoughts (optional).
• 03_Main_Notes: Core Zettelkasten notes; each represents a single atomic idea.
• 04_Indexes: Thematic hubs or entry points for exploring related notes.
• 05_Tags: Empty placeholder notes acting as tags for navigation or filtering (optional).

---

3. Settings Configuration

• Default Location for New Notes: Point to 03_Main_Notes.
• Appearance: Choose a legible font and theme; toggle "Readable line length" for better formatting.
• Hotkeys: Assign shortcuts, e.g.:
• Ctrl + N: New Note
• Ctrl + T: Insert Template (after plugin activation)
• Core Plugins:
• Enable Templates, Daily Notes (optional), and Backlinks.
• Community Plugins (optional):
• Calendar: For date-based organization.
• Tag Wrangler: For managing and merging tags.
• Advanced Tables, Quick Switcher++, or DataView: For productivity.

---

4. Create Templates

Under 00_Templates, create templates like:

Source Material Template ``` Title: Author: Source: Date: Tags:

Summary: Key Points: Quotes: Reflections: ```

Main Note Template ``` Title: Date Created: Tags:

Idea: Context: Connections: [[Linked Note]] Reflections: ```

Configure the Templates plugin to insert templates quickly using hotkeys.

---

5. Note-Taking Workflow

Step 1: Capture - In 01_Source_Material, create notes while reading or researching. Summarize, highlight quotes, and reflect in your own words. - Use tags for themes, authors, or concepts (e.g., #philosophy, #biology).

Step 2: Synthesize - In 03_Main_Notes, write atomic notes from your reflections. - Each note should express a single idea clearly (under 500 words). - Use links to reference related notes with [[Note Name]]. - Focus on clarity, brevity, and insight.

Step 3: Connect - Link your new idea to related ideas, themes, or sources. - Create notes in 04_Indexes to organize clusters of related content. - Add notes to multiple indexes or link to broader themes using [[#Tag]].

---

6. Use Tags and Indexes Thoughtfully

• Avoid creating hundreds of tags. Stick to a small set of relevant themes.
• Use 05_Tags to define and clarify what each tag means.
• In 04_Indexes, organize curated lists of related notes. Example: Mindfulness Index might link to [[]] notes from psychology, philosophy, and neuroscience.

---

7. Benefits for Research and Writing

• Streamlines Research: Notes from multiple sources are cross-referenced and easily revisitable.
• Accelerates Writing: Writing becomes an assembly of existing notes instead of starting from scratch.
• Improves Clarity: Breaking down ideas into atomic notes encourages better thinking and clarity.
• Long-Term Retention: Regular review and linking strengthen memory and understanding.
• Reusable Content: Notes can be reused across multiple projects, articles, or books.

---

8. Maintenance Tips

• Review backlinks weekly to surface forgotten or underdeveloped ideas.
• Refactor or split long notes to maintain atomicity.
• Avoid over-editing old notes; instead, create new ones that build upon earlier thoughts.

---

With this Obsidian-based Zettelkasten setup, you're not just taking notes — you're cultivating a living knowledge system. Whether you're an academic, writer, student, or lifelong learner, this system adapts to your workflow, grows with your interests, and becomes more powerful the more you use it. Over time, your vault evolves into a personalized knowledge database that supports deeper understanding, creative exploration, and effortless content creation.

---

1. The Zettelkasten Methodology

The Original Zettelkasten Technique: Core Principles & Benefits

The Zettelkasten method (German for "slip box") was developed by sociologist Niklas Luhmann as a tool to manage complex knowledge and boost creativity in writing and research. He credited it with enabling his prolific academic output: over 70 books and hundreds of articles. The brilliance of the system lies in its simplicity, modularity, and organic growth.

---

🌱 Core Principles of Zettelkasten

1. Atomicity

Each note in the Zettelkasten should express a single idea or concept. This principle ensures clarity, encourages deeper understanding, and makes ideas easier to reuse and connect.

• ✅ Do: “The law of diminishing returns means each additional input yields less output.”
• ❌ Don’t: Combine multiple concepts or quotes into one long note.

Atomic notes are easier to: - Link logically. - Modify independently. - Reuse across different contexts.

---

2. Linking

Instead of a rigid hierarchy, Zettelkasten thrives on contextual, lateral linking.

• Notes are connected using direct references to other notes.
• Each note becomes part of a network, not a silo.
• Links simulate how human memory works—via associations, not folders.

Example: A note on “Nietzsche’s eternal recurrence” might link to notes on “cyclical time in Buddhism” or “existentialism.”

Benefits: - Emergent structure—patterns and themes arise naturally. - Serendipitous discovery—old ideas resurface via linked paths. - Compound creativity—new combinations emerge from connected thoughts.

---

3. Simplicity

Luhmann emphasized a low-friction system. His physical slip-box used numbered index cards and manual cross-referencing—no complex categorization.

Simplicity: - Reduces friction between thought and capture. - Makes the system future-proof and easy to maintain. - Encourages writing in your own words, promoting internalization.

Modern Zettelkasten tools (like Obsidian) honor this by: - Allowing bidirectional links ([[Note Title]]). - Replacing folders with tags and contextual backlinks. - Supporting plain text Markdown format for longevity.

---

✍️ Benefits of Zettelkasten

📚 For Writing

• Provides a ready-made library of ideas to draw from.
• Writing becomes assembly, not invention—you collect, synthesize, and expand existing notes.
• Encourages idea-driven writing, not source-driven copying.

“Writing is no longer a process of transfer, but of transformation.” — Luhmann

---

🔍 For Research

• Encourages critical engagement with sources (notes are written in your own words).
• Makes literature review manageable through connected concepts.
• Supports non-linear learning—you follow interesting links, not rigid outlines.

---

🧠 For Idea Organization

• Keeps ideas alive and evolving through regular linking and revisiting.
• Avoids information rot by focusing on synthesis, not storage.
• Fosters a personal knowledge graph—tailored to how you think.

---

🧩 Summary Table

| Principle | What it Means | Why it Matters | |---------------|------------------------------------|--------------------------------------| | Atomicity | 1 idea per note | Improves clarity, reuse, and focus | | Linking | Contextual note-to-note links | Encourages discovery and depth | | Simplicity | Low friction, minimal structure | Easy to maintain and long-lasting |

---

Consider

The original Zettelkasten is more than a note-taking method—it's a thinking partner. By focusing on the quality of thought, it transforms how you learn, create, and connect ideas. Whether used with index cards or modern tools like Obsidian, its core principles remain timeless.

Would you like a visual map or Obsidian-ready template for Luhmann-style Zettelkasten?

• Benefits of Zettelkasten for Writing:
• Streamlines Research: Centralized notes help avoid redundant research across multiple projects.
• Facilitates Long-Form Writing: Accumulated notes serve as building blocks for larger projects.
• Personal Writing Assistant: The evolving network of notes provides quick access to ideas for future writing.

---

1. Obsidian Setup and Configuration

2. Installing Obsidian: Guide the user through the installation process, emphasizing the free version and its core features.

3. Creating and Organizing a Vault: A vault in Obsidian is the central hub for all your notes. This section provides instructions for setting up a vault and explains the importance of cloud storage for backup and accessibility.

4. Folder Structure: Establish a recommended folder structure:

5. Rough Notes: Optional folder for quick thoughts.
6. Source Material: Store notes from books, articles, etc.
7. Tags: Empty notes used as tags for easy categorization.
8. Indexes: Organized collections of notes based on specific topics or themes.
9. Templates: Predefined templates for consistent note-taking.

10. Main Notes: The core content of your knowledge base.

11. Settings Configuration:

12. Configure default note locations.
13. Customize appearance for readability.
14. Set up hotkeys for efficient note-taking (e.g., Ctrl+T for template insertion).
15. Enable and configure the "Templates" core plugin for consistent note creation.

---

1. The Note-Taking Process

2. Creating Notes: Guide the user on how to create new notes (Ctrl+O) and insert templates (Ctrl+T). Emphasize the importance of focusing on one idea per note to maintain atomicity.

3. Source Material Notes:

4. Record page numbers, quotes, and elaborate on the ideas in your own words.

5. Include metadata such as authorship, publication year, and source references.

6. Main Notes:

7. Synthesize ideas from source material.
8. Focus on the key takeaways and connections between different ideas.

9. Use internal links ([[Note Name]]) to connect related notes and foster deeper understanding.

10. Tagging Notes:

11. Use tags sparingly but effectively.
12. Avoid over-complicating tags, focusing on personal interests or key themes.
13. Tags act as an index to quickly locate notes.

---

1. Linking and Organizing Ideas

2. Internal Links and Connections: Demonstrate how internal links help create a web of interconnected ideas. Discuss how linking related concepts and topics can lead to a more holistic understanding.

3. Indexing for Navigation: Show how creating indexes for topics allows for quick access to collections of related notes. Introduce the idea of building thematic indexes for large research projects.

4. Synthesizing Notes for Larger Projects: Explain how to take notes from the Source Material and Main Notes to gradually build drafts for books, essays, or research papers.

---

1. Best Practices for Obsidian and Zettelkasten

2. Consistency and Simplicity: Emphasize the importance of simplicity in both note-taking and vault organization. Discourage the need for a "perfect" setup, focusing on efficiency and growth over time.

3. Keeping Notes Concise: Encourage users to keep each note under 500 words, focusing on one idea per note. This enhances clarity and makes it easier to synthesize ideas later.

4. Making Notes Readable: Provide tips on formatting for readability: use headings, bullet points, and quotes to break up large blocks of text.

---

1. Practical Applications of Zettelkasten in Writing

2. Research Projects: Show how to leverage your Zettelkasten system to conduct more efficient and thorough research for academic papers, articles, or blog posts.

3. Book and Essay Writing: Provide examples of how notes in Obsidian can evolve into larger writing projects, from initial drafts to final revisions.

4. Personal Projects and Brainstorming: Illustrate how the Zettelkasten method can be used for creative writing, personal reflections, or brainstorming for new ventures.

---

1. Case In Point

2. Summary of Findings: Recap the effectiveness of combining the Zettelkasten method with Obsidian for knowledge management, writing, and research.

3. Future Directions: Suggest areas for future exploration, such as integrating other digital tools (e.g., Zotero, Roam Research) into the workflow or expanding the Zettelkasten method into larger organizational systems.

---

1. References

2. Cite all relevant sources, including academic papers, books, and articles about the Zettelkasten method, Obsidian, and knowledge management.

---

📘 1. Source Note Template (Source Note)

This template is used when reading books, articles, podcasts, or videos. The goal is to capture contextual metadata and your impressions, not to mindlessly copy.

```markdown

📘 Source: {{title}}

Type: Book / Article / Video / Podcast
Author: {{author}}
Published: {{date}}
Source Link: Link
Tags: #source #{{topic}}
Related Notes: [[ ]]

---

🧠 Summary

A brief summary of the source in your own words.

🧩 Key Ideas

• Idea 1
• Idea 2
• Idea 3

🔎 Quotes & Passages

“...”
— Page X

🗺️ Linked Notes

• [[Note about idea X]]
• [[Historical context of Y]]

📝 Your Thoughts

• Agreement? Disagreement?
• How does this relate to your current research?
• Ideas it sparked? ```

---

🧠 2. Main/Idea Note Template (Zettel or Permanent Note)

Each idea should be atomic, clearly written in your own words, and linked to related ideas. This is the core of your Zettelkasten.

```markdown

💡 {{Descriptive Title}}

ID: {{YYYYMMDDHHMM}}
Tags: #zettel #{{topic}}
Linked From: [[ ]]

---

🧠 Core Idea

Write a single, concise idea in your own words. This should be a self-contained statement or argument.

💬 Explanation / Elaboration

Explain why this idea matters or how it connects to broader themes. Use metaphors, contrast, or short examples.

🔗 Related Notes

• [[Related idea A]]
• [[Contrasting concept B]]
• [[Supports claim C]] ```

Tip: Use the ID convention (e.g. 202504201013) to uniquely identify each note.

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🧪 3. Research Summary Note (Literature Note or Topic Overview)

Use this when you're studying a broader concept or topic and summarizing multiple inputs (e.g., a research question or paper theme).

```markdown

🧪 Research Summary: {{Topic}}

Tags: #summary #research #{{subject}}
Created: {{date}}
Status: Draft / Ongoing / Complete

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📌 Topic Overview

Brief definition or framing of the research question.

📚 Key Sources

• [[Author, Title]] — key takeaway.
• [[Article Title]] — significant argument.

🧩 Key Themes

• Theme 1: summary + relevant note links.
• Theme 2: contrasting perspective.

🧠 Emerging Ideas

• New insights or patterns you're noticing.
• Questions that remain unanswered.

🔗 Related Notes

• [[Main idea note]]
• [[Potential application note]]
• [[Philosophical implication]] ```

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🔄 How They Interact

• Source Notes → inspire → Main Notes
• Main Notes → get linked into → Research Summaries
• Research Summaries → help generate → new Main Notes

“You don’t collect knowledge, you build it — one link at a time.”

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